OCENA SYSTEMU ELEKTRYCZNEJ TOMOGRAFII POJEMNOŚCIOWEJ DO POMIARÓW Z WYKORZYSTANIEM SONDY 3D

Further tests of EVT4 data acquisition system for electrical capacitance tomography are presented. The modular system, which can have up to 32 channels with an individual analogue to digital converter, was designed to ensure small uncertainty of capacitance measurement at high speed of imaging. The system’s performance in the context of 3D imaging was experimentally verified. In particular, we show that the measurement of changes in capacitance due to a small change of an electric permittivity distribution for the most distant electrodes in a suitably designed 3D sensor is possible using our system. Cross-plane measurements together with the measurements for the pairs of most distant electrodes are essential for accurate reconstruction of 3D distributions. Due to sensitivity of capacitance measurements obtained in the hardware, the measurements for all electrode pairs can be used in the inverse problem – the system of equations can be extended. Although the numerical condition number of a matrix of such a system is high, image reconstruction is possible from the data obtained in our system. The results of 3D image reconstruction for simple test objects are shown.Przedstawiono dalsze testy systemu akwizycji danych EVT4 do elektrycznej tomografii pojemnościowej. Modułowy system, który może mieć do 32 kanałów z indywidualnym przetwornikiem analogowo-cyfrowym, został zaprojektowany w celu zapewnienia małej niepewności pomiaru pojemności przy dużej prędkości obrazowania. Wydajność systemu w kontekście obrazowania 3D została zweryfikowana eksperymentalnie. W szczególności pokazujemy, że możliwy jest pomiar zmian pojemności wywoływanych niewielką zmianą rozkładu przenikalności elektrycznej dla najbardziej odległych elektrod odpowiednio zaprojektowanego czujnika 3D przy pomocy naszego systemu. Pomiary międzypłaszczyznowe wraz z pomiarami par elektrod najbardziej odległych są niezbędne do dokładnej rekonstrukcji rozkładów 3D. Ze względu na wrażliwość pomiarów pojemności uzyskanych w opracowanym urządzeniu, pomiary dla wszystkich par elektrod mogą być wykorzystane w problemie odwrotnym – układ równań może zostać rozszerzony. Chociaż współczynnik uwarunkowania numerycznego macierzy takiego układu jest wysoki, możliwa jest rekonstrukcja obrazu z wykorzystaniem danych uzyskiwanych w naszym systemie. Pokazane są wyniki rekonstrukcji obrazu 3D dla prostych obiektów testowych

Comparison of openEHR and HL7 FHIR standards

Health informatics is characterized by the need tosecurely store, process and transmit large amounts of sensitivemedical data while ensuring interoperability with other systems.Among many standards used in such systems there are two whichhave gained interest in recent years and cover most of thoseneeds: openEHR and HL7 FHIR. In this paper, both standardsare discussed and compared with each other. The architecture ofboth systems, the similarities and differences, methods of datamodeling and ensuring interoperability were presented

SYSTEM DO POMIARU ZESPOLONEJ PODATNOŚCI MAGNETYCZNEJ NANOCZĄSTEK Z WYKONANYM W TECHNOLOGII DRUKU 3D KARKASEM ZINTEGROWANYCH CEWEK ODBIORCZYCH

The article concerns the research on the properties of core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles in the context of their use in medicine for diagnostics and therapy. The article presents a system for impedance (AC) spectroscopy of nanoparticles with a new arrangement of receive coils. A significant modification was the position of the reference coil in relation to the receive coils as well as the method of winding and routing the wires on the carcass. The 3D printing technique was used in the production of the measuring coil system. The aim of the work was to experimentally verify the developed measurement system and analyze its properties. The system tests were carried out at low frequencies ranging from 2 to 50 kHz. Complex magnetic susceptibility was measured for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in polymer shells in a physiological saline solution. The obtained results confirmed the relevance of the concept of the measurements. In summary, the observed properties of the realized system are discussed and further directions of its development are proposed.Artykuł dotyczy badań właściwości nanocząstek superparamagnetycznych typu rdzeń-powłoka w kontekście wykorzystania ich w medycynie do diagnostyki jak i terapii. W artykule przedstawiono układ do spektroskopii impedancyjnej (AC) nanocząstek z nowym układem cewek odbiorczych. Istotną modyfikacją była pozycja cewki referencyjnej względem cewek odbiorczych jak również sposób nawijania i prowadzenia przewodów na karkasie. W realizacji układu cewek pomiarowych wykorzystana została technika druku 3D. Celem pracy była eksperymentalna weryfikacja opracowanego układu pomiarowego i analiza jego własności. Testy układu zostały przeprowadzone dla niskich częstotliwości w zakresie od 2 do 50 kHz. Pomiary zespolonej podatności magnetycznej dokonano dla nanocząstek superparamagnetycznych tlenku żelaza w otoczkach polimerowych w roztworze soli fizjologicznej. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły poprawność koncepcji realizacji pomiarów. W podsumowaniu omówiono zaobserwowane własności zrealizowanego układu i zaproponowano dalsze kierunki jego rozwoju

A Run-Time Reconfiguration Method for an FPGA-Based Electrical Capacitance Tomography System

A desirable feature of an electrical capacitance tomography system is the adaptation possibility to any sensor configuration and measurement mode. A run-time reconfiguration of a system for electrical capacitance tomography is presented. An original mechanism is elaborated to reconfigure, on the fly, a modular EVT4 system with multiple FPGAs installed. The outlined system architecture is based on FPGA programmable logic devices (Xilinx Spartan) and PicoBlaze soft-core processors. Soft-core processors are used for communication, measurement control and data preprocessing. A novel method of FPGA partial reconfiguration is described, in which a PicoBlaze soft-core processor is used as a reconfiguration controller. Behavioral reconfiguration of the system is obtained by providing run-time access to the program code of a soft-core control processor. The tests using EVT4 hardware and different algorithms for tomographic scanning were performed. A test object was measured using 2D and 3D sensors. The time and resources required for the examined reconfiguration procedure are evaluated

A Run-Time Reconfiguration Method for an FPGA-Based Electrical Capacitance Tomography System

A desirable feature of an electrical capacitance tomography system is the adaptation possibility to any sensor configuration and measurement mode. A run-time reconfiguration of a system for electrical capacitance tomography is presented. An original mechanism is elaborated to reconfigure, on the fly, a modular EVT4 system with multiple FPGAs installed. The outlined system architecture is based on FPGA programmable logic devices (Xilinx Spartan) and PicoBlaze soft-core processors. Soft-core processors are used for communication, measurement control and data preprocessing. A novel method of FPGA partial reconfiguration is described, in which a PicoBlaze soft-core processor is used as a reconfiguration controller. Behavioral reconfiguration of the system is obtained by providing run-time access to the program code of a soft-core control processor. The tests using EVT4 hardware and different algorithms for tomographic scanning were performed. A test object was measured using 2D and 3D sensors. The time and resources required for the examined reconfiguration procedure are evaluated

Numerical Evaluation of Complex Capacitance Measurement Using Pulse Excitation in Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a technique of imaging the distribution of permittivity inside an object under test. Capacitance is measured between the electrodes surrounding the object, and the image is reconstructed from these data by solving the inverse problem. Although both sinusoidal excitation and pulse excitation are used in the sensing circuit, only the AC method is used to measure both components of complex capacitance. In this article, a novel method of complex capacitance measurement using pulse excitation is proposed for ECT. The real and imaginary components are calculated from digital samples of the integrator response. A pulse shape in the front-end circuit was analyzed using the Laplace transform. The numerical simulations of the electric field inside the imaging volume as well as simulations of a pulse excitation in the front-end circuit were performed. The calculation of real and imaginary components using digital samples of the output signal was verified. The permittivity and conductivity images reconstructed for the test object were presented. The method enables imaging of permittivity and conductivity spatial distributions using capacitively coupled electrodes and may be an alternative measurement method for ECT as well as for electrical impedance tomography

Numerical Evaluation of Complex Capacitance Measurement Using Pulse Excitation in Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a technique of imaging the distribution of permittivity inside an object under test. Capacitance is measured between the electrodes surrounding the object, and the image is reconstructed from these data by solving the inverse problem. Although both sinusoidal excitation and pulse excitation are used in the sensing circuit, only the AC method is used to measure both components of complex capacitance. In this article, a novel method of complex capacitance measurement using pulse excitation is proposed for ECT. The real and imaginary components are calculated from digital samples of the integrator response. A pulse shape in the front-end circuit was analyzed using the Laplace transform. The numerical simulations of the electric field inside the imaging volume as well as simulations of a pulse excitation in the front-end circuit were performed. The calculation of real and imaginary components using digital samples of the output signal was verified. The permittivity and conductivity images reconstructed for the test object were presented. The method enables imaging of permittivity and conductivity spatial distributions using capacitively coupled electrodes and may be an alternative measurement method for ECT as well as for electrical impedance tomography