Automatic feature description of Endometrioma in Ultrasonic images of the ovary

Endometriosis cyst or endometrium is commonly found in women with subfertility. Traditionally, medical technologies fail to detect the disease automatically and it is fully dependent on the doctors to determine the peritoneal disease where it may lead to inaccurate findings. A method of assessment may give more accurate detection without the need for surgical procedure, especially in monitoring disease recurrence. This will avoid surgical risk and will not delay the management. In this study, the feature description is developed using pattern recognition, involving image processing techniques; the ultrasonic images is used as input in which the region of interest of images, image segmentation, feature extraction are studie

Determination of optimal self-drive tourism route using the orienteering problem method

This paper was conducted to determine the optimal travel routes for self-drive tourism based on the allocation of time and expense by maximizing the amount of attraction scores assigned to each city involved.Self-drive tourism represents a type of tourism where tourists hire or travel by their own vehicle.It only involves a tourist destination which can be linked with a network of roads. Normally, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and multiple traveling salesman problems (MTSP) method were used in the minimization problem such as determination the shortest time or distance traveled. This paper involved an alternative approach for maximization method which is maximize the attraction scores and tested on tourism data for ten cities in Kedah.A set of priority scores are used to set the attraction score at each city. The classical approach of the orienteering problem was used to determine the optimal travel route. This approach is extended to the team orienteering problem and the two methods were compared. These two models have been solved by using LINGO12.0 software.The results indicate that the model involving the team orienteering problem provides a more appropriate solution compared to the orienteering problem model

An application of charge-coupled Device (CCD) tomography system for gemological industry - a review

Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) is a semiconductor chip with a light-sensitive sensor. The CCD has been used in many fields of engineering, including astronomy, medical sciences and processing. CCD is capable to detect light sources and convert this analogue signal into electrical signal. CCD is an integrated circuit that contains a large number of small photo elements with high sensitivity to light energy. The main focus of this research paper is on the review of CCD basic operating principle and construction, CCD characteristic, and the application of CCD in tomography system. The potential use of CCD in the gemological industry is also highlighted in this paper. Gemology is one of the important industries that considered profitable and crucial that deals with precious stones. This industry is in need of standardized grading valuation of gemstones as the current technique is prone to errors. An approach to the standardized grading technique is proposed where CCD tomography is used to detect and analyze the light distribution characteristic in ruby stones

Optical Tomography System Using Charge-Coupled Device for Transparent Object Detection

This research presents an application of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography system. Optical tomography is a non-invasive and non-intrusive method of capturing a cross-sectional image of multiphase flow. The measurements are based on the final light intensity received by the sensor and this approach is limited to detect solid objects only. The aim of this research is to analyse and demonstrate the capability of laser with a CCD in an optical tomography system for detecting objects with different clarity in crystal clear water. Experiments for detecting transparent objects were conducted. The object’s diameter and image reconstruction can also be observed. As a conclusion, this research has successfully developed a non-intrusive and non-invasive optical tomography system that can detect objects in crystal clear water

Tomography system towards the industrial revolution 4.0

The world developed rapidly to provide better standard of living to the human being. Industrial revolution 4.0 promising in great revenue, investment and technological advancement to the society and various sectors. This paper presents an overview of tomography system towards the industrial revolution 4.0. Tomography is essentially a technique for showing an image representation through solid objects, such as a pipeline or the human body, in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional cross sections. Several tomography sensors, including optical tomography systems, ultrasonic tomography systems and an electrical tomography system, are discussed in terms of their hardware and image reconstruction. To provide a clear view of tomography system, a few examples of tomography system application in medical and process industries are discussed

Simulation study on CCD tomography system for ruby stone optical properties

Ninety percent of the ruby stones available worldwide come from Myanmar. Malaysia is known to be one of the countries that have been importing ruby stones for precious stone industries, manufacturing industries, medical and dentistry applications. There are several gemology tools which are used to investigate the grading of ruby stones such as loop, microscope, and dichroscope. Nevertheless, these tools are highly dependable on human visual assessment and require years of experience that may lead to error since ruby stone quality is evaluated based on its clarity and transparency. Hence, this paper addresses a simulation study on the optical properties of ruby stones via Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Tomography approach. This paper indicates the capability of CCD and tomography system to analyze the ruby stone optical properties through image reconstruction based on the previous research. Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm will be used to construct two-dimensional image reconstruction of varieties ruby stones. From these image reconstructions, the transparency and blemishes of ruby stones can be analyzed

Analysis on clarity of rubies gemstones using charge-coupled device (CCD)

Ruby is one of the most precious gemstones on Earth that is always high in demand especially in the jewelry industries. Due to its high value and very expensive, a lot of imitation of ruby has been made. This results in the rising of more complicated issues as gemologists need to perform the grading valuation very carefully and precisely. The current and common grading techniques mostly depend on human vision, which eventually leads to error. This paper aims to analyze the clarity of rubies gemstones using Charge-Coupled Device (CCD). The CCD detects the light intensity and then convert the light intensity value into the voltage value. The CCD sensor is very special in its architecture design, consisting of more than 1000 very small pixels that are sensitive to light sources. Based on the previous research, CCD has high sensitivity to laser light source with wavelength range within 430 nm to 650 nm. This research is going to prove that CCD is able to detect the clarity of various grading of the pink to blood-red ruby stones

Fluorescence and random lasing in disordered media

Theoretical thesis.Bibliography: pages 198-207.Chapter 1. Introduction and background -- Chapter 2. Emission of active nanoparticles in disordered media -- Chapter 3. Spectral and coherence signatures of threshold in random lasers -- Chapter 4 Extended emission wavelength of random dye lasers by exploiting radiative and non-radiative energy transfer -- Chapter 5. Plasmonic enhancement of Rhodamine dye random lasers -- Chapter 6. Effects of metal-fluorophore distance and surface roughness on random lasers -- Chapter 7. Dopamine sensing and measurements using random lasers -- Chapter 8. Conclusions and future work.Random lasers have fascinating and useful properties, and may be applied in fields such as sensing, imaging, spectroscopy, material processing, optical displays and new lighting systems. This thesis, ''Fluorescence and random lasing in disordered media" aims to provide an experimental study of incoherent random lasers and to demonstrate a new sensing application for these lasers.In this thesis, we study the spectral and coherence signatures of threshold in random lasers using alumina and Rhodamine 6G under nanosecond-pulsewidth pumping. We compare coherence properties (temporal and spatial coherence) with emission spectra and study the effects of particle concentration and scattering length for the weakly scattering and diffusive random laser regimes. The threshold, as defined by changes in the visibility of the interference fringes, is consistent with that defined by changes in the emission peak intensity or in the emission linewidth.We investigate radiative and non-radiative energy transfer processes from Rhodamine 6G (donor) to Methylene blue (acceptor) to fabricate efficient infra-red random dye lasers (> 700 nm). The energy transfer efficiency is influenced by acceptor concentration, pump energy density and spectral overlap, and the optimum random laser performance is achieved when the concentration of Methylene blue is 6 times the concentration of Rhodamine 6G. A Stern-Volmer analysis is used to quantify the radiative and non-radiative energy transfer.Colloidal-solution and solid-state random dye lasers (Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine 640 with alumina and gold nanoparticles) are characterized based on the wavelength shift of the emission peak, local field enhancement, fluorescence quenching, absorption and scattering properties. The improved performance of metal-based random lasers is attributed to localized surface plasmons.We also investigate the effects of metal-fluorophore distance and surface roughness of nanoparticles on the characteristics of random lasers. The surface plasmon resonance of silver changes with increased silver-fluorophore distance, and is also affected by the surface roughness of silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles. Increased silver-fluorophore distance increases the lasing threshold and slightly blue-shifts the emission peak due to self-absorption. Random lasing for Rhodamine 640 / lumpy bimetallic (silver and gold) nanoparticles is compared to random lasing for Rhodamine 640 / silver nanoparticles.We investigate the possibilities of random lasing from active nanoscatterers, ruby and zinc oxide, but these systems operate below threshold and emit fluorescence and amplified spontaneous emission only.Finally, we demonstrate a new dopamine measurement technique using threshold and spectral measurements in gold/dye random lasers. The presence and concentration of dopamine is detected through the random laser emission peak shift, emission linewidth, emission peak-to-background ratio and random lasing threshold. Considering these parameters, dopamine is most sensitively detected by a change in the emission linewidth with a limit of detection of 1 × 10⁻⁷ M. Potential future work is to develop the random laser measurement technique to be suitable for clinical use.Mode of access: World wide web1 online resource (xii, 213 pages) colour illustration

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Gold Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Random Lasing

We developed rough silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles for random lasing. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized based on a citrate-reduction method and the gold (III) chloride trihydrate was added to produce bimetallic nanoparticles. Gold atoms were deposited on the surface of the silver (Ag) through galvanic replacement reactions after the solution was stored at room temperature. Sample characterization and a spectrometry experiment were performed where bimetallic nanoparticles with nanogaps and the extinction of the nanoparticles were observed. The aim of this research is to synthesize nanoparticles for random dye laser in a weakly scattering regime. The novel bimetallic nanoparticles were added to Rhodamine 640 solution to produce random lasing. We found that random dye laser with bimetallic nanoparticles produced spectral narrowing and lasing threshold compared to random dye laser with silver nanoparticles. We attribute that to the localized surface plasmon effects which increase local electromagnetic field to provide sufficient optical gain for random lasing. The rough surface of bimetallic nanoparticles also contributes to the properties of random lasing. Thus, we suggest that the rough bimetallic nanoparticles can be used to develop random lasers

Random laser in a fibre : guiding and scattering contribute to reduced threshold

A random laser is demonstrated in a hollow-core photonic-crystal optical fibre, with dye solution and dielectric or metallic nanoparticles. The threshold is significantly reduced compared with the bulk solution due to optical guiding and scattering.2 page(s