Neonatal abstinence syndrome: Pharmacologic strategies for the mother and infant.

Opioid use in pregnancy has increased dramatically over the past decade. Since prenatal opioid use is associated with numerous obstetrical and neonatal complications, this now has become a major public health problem. In particular, in utero opioid exposure can result in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) which is a serious condition characterized by central nervous system hyperirritability and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The present review seeks to define current practices regarding the approach to the pregnant mother and neonate with prenatal opiate exposure. Although the cornerstone of prenatal management of opioid dependence is opioid maintenance therapy, the ideal agent has yet to be definitively established. Pharmacologic management of NAS is also highly variable and may include an opioid, barbiturate, and/or α-agonist. Genetic factors appear to be associated with the incidence and severity of NAS. Establishing pharmacogenetic risk factors for the development of NAS has the potential for creating opportunities for personalized genomic medicine and novel, individualized therapeutic interventions

Recent flow visualization studies in the 0.3-m TCT

Light beams are altered by refractive index changes; flow induced refractive index changes provide the impetus for conventional visualization techniques such as schlieren and shadowgraph. Unfortunately effects related to the flow can be masked by refractive index inhomogeneities external to the test section. A simple shadowgraph scheme was used to assess the flow quality of the Langley 0.3 meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. When the penetration tubes were evacuated the quality of the shadowgraph improved dramatically

Photogrammetric technique for in-flight ranging of trailing vortices using entrained balloons

A method for experimentally determining the radial distance of a probe aircraft from a trailing vortex is described. The method relies on photogrammetric triangulation of targets entrained in the vortex core. The theory and preliminary testing were described using laboratory mock-ups. Solid state video cameras were to provide data at 300 Hz rates. Practical methods for seeding the vortex are under separate investigation and are not addressed

Critical bubbles and implications for critical black strings

We demonstrate the existence of gravitational critical phenomena in higher dimensional electrovac bubble spacetimes. To this end, we study linear fluctuations about families of static, homogeneous spherically symmetric bubble spacetimes in Kaluza-Klein theories coupled to a Maxwell field. We prove that these solutions are linearly unstable and posses a unique unstable mode with a growth rate that is universal in the sense that it is independent of the family considered. Furthermore, by a double analytical continuation this mode can be seen to correspond to marginally stable stationary modes of perturbed black strings whose periods are integer multiples of the Gregory-Laflamme critical length. This allow us to rederive recent results about the behavior of the critical mass for large dimensions and to generalize them to the charged black string case.Comment: A reference to unpublished work for the case q=2, by J. Hovdebo adde

The probability distribution of a trapped Brownian particle in plane shear flows

We investigate the statistical properties of an over-damped Brownian particle that is trapped by a harmonic potential and simultaneously exposed to a linear shear flow or to a plane Poiseuille flow. Its probability distribution is determined via the corresponding Smoluchowski equation, which is solved analytically for a linear shear flow. In the case of a plane Poiseuille flow, analytical approximations for the distribution are obtained by a perturbation analysis and they are substantiated by numerical results. There is a good agreement between the two approaches for a wide range of parameters.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figur

Band structure analysis of the conduction-band mass anisotropy in 6H and 4H SiC

The band structures of 6H and 4H SiC calculated by means of the FP-LMTO method are used to determine the effective mass tensors for their conduction-band minima. The results are shown to be consistent with recent optically detected cyclotron resonance measurements and predict an unusual band filling dependence for 6H-SiC.Comment: 5 pages including 4 postscript figures incorporated with epsfig figs. available as part 2: sicfig.uu self-extracting file to appear in Phys. Rev. B: Aug. 15 (Rapid Communications