Pengaruh Luas Lahan Sawah Irigasi Terhadap Produksi Beras Di Indonesia

In Indonesia, the wide of irrigation wetland about 70 % of totality rice production area, eventhough the level of production about 85% of totality rice production area. At present and future, irrigation wetland being more scarcity, eventually in Java and Bali, this case, becaused of incresing competition on area and water utilities for non agricultural interest. For Indonesia, the tends of wetland area scarcity espesially in Java to go straight on and there is no effective regulation or action to be done by local community to control area conversion. This research purposes to know the influence of the wide irrigation wetland area to rice production in Indonesian's big islands, except Maluku and Papua, also national scale from 1994-2004. This research uses descriptive analitic method. The secundary data are used, collected, arranged then analized with Cobb-Douglas regression. Refers to the analisis results and the discussion of each hipotesis, we know that on Į = 10%, the wide of wetland irrigation area on Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara are significant influencing to rice production. Eventhough in Sumatera, Kalimantan and Sulawesi , the wide of irrigation wetland area were not significant influencing to rice production. The significant influence of the wide of irrigation wetland area in Java and Bali ± Nusa Tenggara refer to BMG (2006) becaused of in dry season almost irrigation wetland area were cultivated by paddy. Eventhough the no significant influence of the wide of irrigation wetland area in Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi also national scale refer to BMG (2006) becaused of in dry season almost the irrigation wetland area were not cultivated by paddy. Knowing the importance of the wide irrigation wetland area to rice production, expected to local communities and local goverments to take care the area, so the area conversion not happen again. For making new irrigation wetland area must be supported by deep research and involve a lot of experts from conecting sectors. Base on this research, be expected, research can be developed by another researcher in order to usefull to this nation

Toxicity effects of 2-methoxyethanol on the nitrite level and damage in tissue of pancreas as a cause of diabetes in mice (Mus musculus) Balb/C

2-Methoxyethanol (2-ME) is one of the plasticizer able to induce hormonal system disorders, such insulin resistance. This research was designed to determine the effect of 2-methoxyethanolon blood glucose, levels of nitrite and damage Langerhans island of mice (Mus musculus L.). This research was experimental research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Female mice strain Balb/C was used as an animal model. Samples were divided into 5 groups; Negative control (NC), KP Positive control (PC) injected intraperitoneally with Streptozotocin (STZ) dose of 30 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) daily for five consecutive days; Treated mice (T1, T2, T3 were injected intraperitoneally with 2-ME daily for ten consecutive days, at dose of 200 mmol/kg BW, 250 mmol/kg and 300 mmol/kg BW respectively). On 16th day and 21thday, mice were sacrificed using chloroform. Fasting blood glucose and nitric oxide (NO) levels were observed in this study. Liver tissue was processed histologically by paraffin method stained with hematoxylin eosin. NO in serum was observed using spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 540. The diameter of Langerhans islands was measured with light microscope. The result of this research was analyzed using the One Way Anova test (α=0.05) was performed to determine the effect of the treatment and Duncan test to find out the difference between the treatment groups. The result showed 2-methoxyethanol was able to increase blood glucose level, while NO was found to be decreased especially in a group treated with 200 mmol/kg BW 2-M

Analisis Neraca Air Pertanian Di Sub DAS Rawatamtu (Analysis of Agricultural Water Balance in Rawatamtu Sub-watershed)

Peningkatan kebutuhan air dipicu oleh peningkatan pertumbuhan penduduk, urbanisasi, pembangunan industri, dan peningkatan kegiatan pertanian. Kebutuhan air yang meningkat ini akan menyebabkan eksploitasi yang berlebihan terhadap sumberdaya air tanah dan air permukaan. Hal ini memungkinkan akan mempengaruhi neraca air DAS. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pemahaman terhadap keseimbangan air. Ketidakseimbangan antara jumlah ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan yang berkepanjangan akan menimbulkan dampak terhadap masalah lingkungan yang serius. Kajian tentang neraca air pertanian diperlukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan apakah sumber daya air yang tersedia dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air yang cukup untuk irigasi. Studi ini dilakukan di Sub DAS Rawatamtu yang merupakan bagian dari DAS Bedadung. Model Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) digunakan untuk menganalisis neraca air. Prosedur ini mencakup inventarisasi data, instalasi WEAP pada sistem, menjalankan WEAP, dan pelaksanaan simulasi WEAP untuk proyeksi kondisi neraca air masa depan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa neraca air pertanian selama 10 tahun ke depan di Sub DAS Rawatamtu akan lebih sering berada dalam kondisi surplus daripada dalam kondisi defisit. Surplus air diperkirakan terjadi pada tahun 2020, 2021, 2023, 2025, 2027, dan 2028. Surplus tertinggi terjadi pata tahun 2028 yang mencapai 56,59 juta m3. Lebih lanjut, potensi defisit neraca air diproyeksikan akan terjadi pada tahun 2019, 2022, 2024, dan 2026

(Research on the Preparation of Fermented Cassava Flour. I.effects of Fermentation and Drying Methods on the Quality of Gari)

Research on the preparation of fermented cassava flour,gari,has been conducted.The cassava varieties used were Adira 1 and Adira IV.The cassava pulp were fermentedby a traditional method for 2,3,and 4 days.The drying methods used were sun drying,oven drying,and roasting.Changes in moisture contents,ash,total titratable accidity,protein content degree of whiteness and flavour of gari flour were observed.good quality gari flour can be obtained from Adira IV variety which was fermented for 3 days and dried by roasting.The moisture content,acidity and degree of whitness of product were 13.2%,0.72%, and 80.9%,respectively

Imobilisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat dengan Menggunakan Zeolit dan Natrium Alginat

Lactobacillus sp merupakan salah satu spesies yang sering digunakan sebagai probiotik, namun kelemahan dari bakteri tersebut adalah tidak toleran terhadap pH rendah (asam), di cairan empedu, serta pada suhu yang tinggi. Bakteri probiotik harus tetap hidup sejak mereka dikonsumsi hingga menetap di usus. Hal ini sulit karena bakteri harus melewati pH asam ekstrim di saluran pencernaan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan viabilitas BAL dalam kondisi simulasi asam lambung (pH=2) dan garam empedu (ox bile 0,5%) yang diimobiliasi dengan zeolite-natrium alginat. Enkapsulasi bakteri probiotik adalah alternatif yang memberikan perlindungan bagi sel-sel hidup yang berada pada kondisi yang merugikan. Berdasarkan hasil uraian di atas maka bertujuan untuk meningkatkan jumlah kelangsungan hidup bakteri Lactobacillus sp dalam kondisi simulasi asam lambung dan garam empedu bakteri probiotik dengan menggunakan imobilisasi natrium alginat-zeolit serta mengetahui gen penghasil antibiotik pada bakteri asam laktat. Metode yang digunakan dalam imobilisasi bakteri adalah ekstrusi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwan Imobilisasi dengan penyalut natrium alginate-zeolit mampu meningkatkan viabilitas bakteri asam laktat. Dalam kondisi simulasi lambung dan garam empedu. Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) menghasilkan bakteriosin yang dapat berfungsi untuk menghambat bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif berasal dari gen penghasil antimikroba yaitu terdapat gen plantaricin, casseicin, acidocin, lactacin B, helvitici