Preliminary design study of a baseline MIUS

Results of a conceptual design study to establish a baseline design for a modular integrated utility system (MIUS) are presented. The system concept developed a basis for evaluating possible projects to demonstrate an MIUS. For the baseline study, climate conditions for the Washington, D.C., area were used. The baseline design is for a high density apartment complex of 496 dwelling units with a planned full occupancy of approximately 1200 residents. Environmental considerations and regulations for the MIUS installation are discussed. Detailed cost data for the baseline MIUS are given together with those for design and operating variations under climate conditions typified by Las Vegas, Nevada, Houston, Texas, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. In addition, results of an investigation of size variation effects, for 300 and 1000 unit apartment complexes, are presented. Only conceptual aspects of the design are discussed. Results regarding energy savings and costs are intended only as trend information and for use in relative comparisons. Alternate heating, ventilation, and air conditioning concepts are considered in the appendix

Preliminary, real-world, multicenter experience with omadacycline for Mycobacterium abscessus infections

Twelve patients were treated with omadacycline (OMC) as part of a multidrug regimen fo

Energy Efficiency, Materials and Resources (EMR): Energy-Efficient Processes -Multiphases and thermal processes-

Besides the activities on development of technologies and systems for the plasma heating in the FUSION Program, IHM is also in charge of research and development in the topic Energy Efficient Processes, part of the EMR Program. An important part of this research is the dielectric characterization of the processed materials in the parameter range relevant to processes under development. Therefore existing test-sets are continuously improved and new test-sets are developed following the new requirements regarding materials compositions or process parameter range. Meanwhile a very versatile test lab for dielectric characterization exists. This allows temperature dependent dielectric measurements in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 GHz for low as well as high loss materials and from room temperature up to 1000°C for solids, liquids and at pressures up to 20 bar. All this expertise and the existing industrial scale high power microwave infrastructure faces growing interest from industry and research. As a consequence the research group is involved in several national and international joint research projects with objectives in various fields of applications. The H2020 project SYMBIOBTIMA requests the design of an industrial prototype reactor for the microwave assisted depolymerization of PET plastic waste for the purpose of energy efficient recycling. In the frame of the H2020 Marie Curie international training network TOMOCON that started end of 2017 a microwave tomographic sensor will be developed. Within the German-Korean project REINFORCE the potential of microwave dielectric heating as well as microwave sustained plasma heating will be investigated with respect to energy efficient carbon fiber production. Solid state microwave amplifiers getting more and more competitive compared to magnetron sources with respect to power and costs. Furthermore such amplifiers allow precise control not only of power level but also of frequency and phase and promise significant longer lifetime than magnetrons. Those features might be door openers for novel application that could not be satisfied with magnetron sources. Therefore national funded collaboration projects have been started with HBH microwave GmbH recently to develop affordable high power solid state generators that meet the requirements for novel process control concepts. Furthermore those novel microwave sources might be useful for microwave sustained plasma generators for plasma activation of CO2 in the frame of research activities like Power to X. Therefore recently a novel lab for plasma chemistry using atmospheric microwave plasma has been established. The status of major projects is briefly introduced in the following chapters

Impurity temperatures measured via line shape analysis in the island scrape-off-layer of Wendelstein 7-X

Impurity temperatures have been determined by a spectroscopic line shape analysis for several species in the divertor scrape-off-layer of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). Examples include spectral lines from intrinsic elements (C II and C III, He I) as well as from seeded impurities (Ar II, N II) through the divertor gas inlet system. Both Doppler broadening and Zeeman splitting are found to contribute significantly to the impurity line shapes. Zeeman splitting arises due to the confining magnetic field in W7-X and complicates the line shape appearance. By attributing Doppler widths to each of the various Zeeman components, however, we demonstrate that reliable ion temperature values can be derived provided that the presence of the magnetic field is properly accounted for. The spectrally highly resolved lines are analyzed by means of a multi-parameter, least-squares fit routine, which accounts for Doppler broadening, Zeeman splitting, as well as the instrumental broadening of the spectrometer used to measure the spectral line shapes. By spectral fitting of the Zeeman features, it is also found that the line shape analysis can yield values for the local magnetic field, which can be used to localize the impurity radiation approximately provided that the line emission is dominant in a small area intersected by the lines of sight of the spectrometer

EMC3-EIRENE simulation of first wall recycling fluxes in W7-X with relation to H-alpha measurements

In the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, the main locations of particle sources are expected to be the carbon divertors, baffles and graphite heat shield first wall. In this paper, the heat shield is implemented in EMC3-EIRENE to understand the expected areas and magnitudes of the recycling flux to this component. It is found that in the simulation the heat shield is not a significant source of recycling neutrals. The areas of simulated recycling flux are shown to correlate well with footprints of plasma-wetting seen in post-experimental campaign in-vessel inspection photos. EMC3-EIRENE reconstruction of line-integrated H-alpha measurements at the heat shield indicate that the majority of emission does not come from local recycling neutrals. Rather, the H-alpha signals at the heat shield are dominated by ionization of neutrals which have leaked from the divertor/baffle region into the midplane. The magnitude of the H-alpha line emission from the synthetic reconstruction is consistent with the experiment, indicating that a large overestimation of heat shield recycling would occur if these measurements were assumed to be from local recycling sources. In the future, it may be possible to obtain some information of local recycling from the heat shield since it was found that the majority of the recycling flux occurs on two well-localized areas