Strategi Pdam dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Air Bersih untuk Menunjang Pembangunan di Kota Wisata Batu (Studi pada Kantor Pdam Kota Batu)

: The purposes of this research were to know the strategy used in improving clean water service in Batu and to know the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence the improvement of clean water service in Batu. This research used qualitative research method. The location of this research was in Regional Water Company (PDAM) of Batu located on Jl. Kartini No. 10. The strategy used by PDAM of Batu in improving the quality of clean water and clean water service for the population with minimum coverage of 80% was by developing the clean water sector institution then, PDAM of Batu could increase the income and improve the efficiency so that PDAM of Batu could benefit by increasing the quantity and quality of clean water services and maintain the carrying capacity of the surrounding environment. People of Batu were quite satisfied with the service provided by PDAM of Batu so far. On the other hand, PDAM of Batu has added more pipes to cover all Batu areas. Keywords: PDAM Strategy, Water Quality Improvement, Batu City Developmen

2nd International Summer School on "Carbon and related nanomaterials: synthesis, characterization, properties and applications in energy"

Del 13 al 17 de Julio de 2020 tuvo lugar en Jaca (Huesca) en el marco de los Cursos Extraordinarios de la Universidad de Zaragoza la “Segunda escuela de verano sobre “Nanomateriales de carbono y sistemas relacionados: Síntesis, caracterización, propiedades y aplicaciones en Energía”, dirigido por el Dr. Raúl Arenal (INA-LMA-Universidad de Zaragoza) y por el Dr. Wolfgang Maser (Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza). Se trata de un curso multidisciplinario ofreciendo una introducción al campo de los nanomateriales de carbono y sistemas relacionadas (sistemas 2D, TMDs, perovskitas entre otros). Es una temática de actualidad, de gran interés científico y de especial relevancia tecnológica en lo que se refiere a las aplicaciones en el campo de las energías renovables. El curso estaba dirigido sobre todo a estudiantes universitarios de máster o doctorandos en ciencias (física, química e ingeniería) con interés en la nanociencia y la nanotecnología. Los docentes proporcionaron una amplia y comprehensiva base científica para entender los materiales y sus fascinantes propiedades. Eso incluye igualmente una descripción de las metodologías experimentales y teóricas como técnicas de procesado y de integración de los nanomateriales en dispositivos funcionales, con enfoque especial en el campo de las energías renovables. Las clases se construyeron de una manera sistemática describiendo los diferentes tipos de nanomateriales y sus principales métodos de síntesis, su química y procesado en forma de dispersiones, las técnicas más importantes para su caracterización, las técnicas de ensamblado macroscópico y por último sus varias aplicaciones en el campo de energía renovable (celdas solares, baterías e hidrógeno verde) y tecnologías relacionadas en sensores y actuadores. La finalidad del curso era mostrar la importancia de los nanomateriales de carbono y sistemas relacionados para el avance científico y tecnológico. Asimismo, demostrar que para hacer realidad este progreso y aprovechar el alto potencial de los nanomateriales de carbono se requiere un esfuerzo inter- y multidisciplinar, interactuando científicos y tecnólogos especializados en diferentes disciplinas. Y que, por lo tanto, estos nanomateriales son objetos idóneos para adquirir una amplia base de conocimiento científico-tecnológico. A lo largo del curso, 10 docentes de diferentes instituciones (Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)-Universidad de Zaragoza, así como el Instituto Catalán de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (ICN2-CSIC) y las Universidades de Murcia, Cartagena, Montpellier (Francia) y Sussex (Reino Unido)), especializados en las diversas temáticas mencionadas anteriormente impartieron un total de 20 horas lectivas. Con ello, se consiguió cubrir de una manera muy amplia los diferentes aspectos relacionados con las nanoestructuras de carbono. El curso terminó con un examen final que permitió a los participantes obtener un total de 0, 5 créditos ECTS reconocidos por la Universidad de Zaragoza. Gracias al gran esfuerzo por parte del equipo de la Escuela de Verano el Jaca el curso se pudo realizar cumpliendo un estricto protocolo de medidas COVID- 19. De esta manera se consiguió la participación de 17 alumnos procedentes de España, Bélgica y Francia con una diversa especialización científica en física, química, ingeniería y materiales..

Ammonia emission inventory for the state of Wyoming

Ammonia (NH{sub 3}) is the only significant gaseous base in the atmosphere and it has a variety of impacts as an atmospheric pollutant, including the formation of secondary aerosol particles: ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. NH{sub 3} preferentially forms ammonium sulfate; consequently ammonium nitrate aerosol formation may be limited by the availability of NH{sub 3}. Understanding the impact of emissions of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen on visibility, therefore, requires accurately determined ammonia emission inventories for use in air quality models, upon which regulatory and policy decisions increasingly depend. This report presents an emission inventory of NH{sub 3} for the state of Wyoming. The inventory is temporally and spatially resolved at the monthly and county level, and is comprised of emissions from individual sources in ten categories: livestock, fertilizer, domestic animals, wild animals, wildfires, soil, industry, mobile sources, humans, and publicly owned treatment works. The Wyoming NH{sub 3} inventory was developed using the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Ammonia Model as framework. Current Wyoming-specific activity data and emissions factors obtained from state agencies and published literature were assessed and used as inputs to the CMU Ammonia Model. Biogenic emissions from soils comprise about three-quarters of the Wyoming NH{sub 3} inventory, though emission factors from soils are highly uncertain. Published emission factors are scarce and based on limited measurements. In Wyoming, agricultural land, rangeland, and forests comprise 96% of the land area and essentially all of the estimated emissions from soils. Future research on emission rates of NH{sub 3} for these land categories may lead to a substantial change in the magnitude of soil emissions, a different inventory composition, and reduced uncertainty in the inventory. While many NH{sub 3} inventories include annual emissions, air quality modeling studies require finer temporal resolution. Published studies indicate higher emission rates from soils and animal wastes at higher temperatures, and temporal variation in fertilizer application. A recent inverse modeling study indicates temporal variation in regional NH{sub 3} emissions. Monthly allocation factors were derived to estimate monthly emissions from soils, livestock and wild animal waste based on annual emission estimates. Monthly resolution of NH{sub 3} emissions from fertilizers is based on fertilizer sales to farmers. Statewide NH{sub 3} emissions are highest in the late spring and early summer months

A hard x-ray scanning microprobe for fluorescence imaging and microdiffraction at the Advanced Photon Source

A hard x-ray scanning microprobe based on zone plate optics and undulator radiation, in the energy region from 6 to 20 keV, has reached a focal spot size (FWHM) of 0.15 {micro}m (v) x 0.6 {micro}m (h), and a photon flux of 4 x 10{sup 9} photons/sec/0.01%BW. Using a slit 44 meters upstream to create a virtual source, a circular beam spot of 0.15 {micro}m in diameter can be obtained with a photon flux of one order of magnitude less. During fluorescence mapping of trace elements in a single human ovarian cell, the microprobe exhibited an imaging sensitivity for Pt (L{sub a} line) of 80 attograms/{micro}m{sup 2} for a count rate of 10 counts per second. The x-ray microprobe has been used to map crystallographic strain and multiquantum well thickness in micro-optoelectronic devices produced with the selective area growth technique

Graphene oxide: key to efficient charge extraction and suppression of polaronic transport in hybrids with poly (3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) of conjugated polymers in intimate contact with sheets of graphene oxide (GO) constitute a promising class of water-dispersible nanohybrid materials of increased interest for the design of sustainable and improved optoelectronic thin-film devices, revealing properties exclusively pre-established upon their liquid-phase synthesis. In this context, we report for the first time the preparation of a P3HTNPs–GO nanohybrid employing a miniemulsion synthesis approach, whereby GO sheets dispersed in the aqueous phase serve as a surfactant. We show that this process uniquely favors a quinoid-like conformation of the P3HT chains of the resulting NPs well located onto individual GO sheets. The accompanied change in the electronic behavior of these P3HTNPs, consistently confirmed by the photoluminescence and Raman response of the hybrid in the liquid and solid states, respectively, as well as by the properties of the surface potential of isolated individual P3HTNPs–GO nano-objects, facilitates unprecedented charge transfer interactions between the two constituents. While the electrochemical performance of nanohybrid films is featured by fast charge transfer processes, compared to those taking place in pure P3HTNPs films, the loss of electrochromic effects in P3HTNPs–GO films additionally indicates the unusual suppression of polaronic charge transport processes typically encountered in P3HT. Thus, the established interface interactions in the P3HTNPs–GO hybrid enable a direct and highly efficient charge extraction channel via GO sheets. These findings are of relevance for the sustainable design of novel high-performance optoelectronic device structures based on water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles

Strong fragmentation of low-energy electromagnetic excitation strength in 117^{117}Sn

Results of nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments on $^{117}$Sn are reported. More than 50 $\gamma$ transitions with $E_{\gamma} < 4$ MeV were detected indicating a strong fragmentation of the electromagnetic excitation strength. For the first time microscopic calculations making use of a complete configuration space for low-lying states are performed in heavy odd-mass spherical nuclei. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the data. It is concluded that although the E1 transitions are the strongest ones also M1 and E2 decays contribute substantially to the observed spectra. In contrast to the neighboring even $^{116-124}$Sn, in $^{117}$Sn the $1^-$ component of the two-phonon $[2^+_1 \otimes 3^-_1]$ quintuplet built on top of the 1/2$^+$ ground state is proved to be strongly fragmented.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Transition Rates between Mixed Symmetry States: First Measurement in 94Mo

The nucleus 94Mo was investigated using a powerful combination of gamma-singles photon scattering experiments and gamma-gamma-coincidence studies following the beta-decay of 94mTc. The data survey short-lived J^pi=1+,2+ states and include branching ratios, E2/M1 mixing ratios, lifetimes, and transition strengths. The mixed-symmetry (MS) 1+ scissors mode and the 2+ MS state are identified from M1 strengths. A gamma transition between MS states was observed and its rate was measured. Nine M1 and E2 strengths involving MS states agree with the O(6) limit of the interacting boson model-2 using the proton boson E2 charge as the only free parameter.Comment: 9 pages, 3 PostScript figures included, ReVTeX, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters, tentatively scheduled for August 9, 199

Zinc Intake and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE—To examine the relationship between Zn nutritive status and biochemical markers of bone turnover in type 1 diabetes

O(12) limit and complete classification of symmetry schemes in proton-neutron interacting boson model

It is shown that the proton-neutron interacting boson model (pnIBM) admits new symmetry limits with O(12) algebra which break F-spin but preserves the quantum number M_F. The generators of O(12) are derived and the quantum number `v' of O(12) for a given boson number N is determined by identifying the corresponding quasi-spin algebra. The O(12) algebra generates two symmetry schemes and for both of them, complete classification of the basis states and typical spectra are given. With the O(12) algebra identified, complete classification of pnIBM symmetry limits with good M_F is established.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figur