Deception in context: coding nonverbal cues, situational variables and risk of detection

There are many situations in which deception may arise and understanding the behaviors associated with it are compounded by various contexts in which it may occur. This paper sets out a coding protocol for identifying cues to deception and reports on three studies, in which deception was studied in different contexts. The contexts involved manipulating risks (i.e., probability) of being detected and reconnaissance, both of which are related to terrorist activities. Two of the studies examined the impact of changing the risks of deception detection, whilst the third investigated increased cognitive demand of duplex deception tasks including reconnaissance and deception. In all three studies, cues to deception were analyzed in relation to observable body movements and subjective impressions given by participants. In general, the results indicate a pattern of hand movement reduction by deceivers, and suggest the notion that raising the risk of detection influences deceivers? behaviors. Participants in the higher risk condition displayed increased negative affect (found in deceivers) and tension (found in both deceivers and truth-tellers) than those in lower risk conditions

Hard sphere colloidal dispersions: Mechanical relaxation pertaining to thermodynamic forces

The complex viscosity of sterically stabilized (hard) silica spheres in cyclohexane has been measured between 80 Hz and 170 kHz with torsion pendulums and a nickel tube resonator. The observed relaxation behaviour can be attributed to the interplay of hydrodynamic and thermodynamic forces. The validity of the Cox-Merz rule is checked

Deception and self-awareness

This paper presents a study conducted for the Shades of Grey EPSRC research project (EP/H02302X/1), which aims to develop a suite of interventions for identifying terrorist activities. The study investigated the body movements demonstrated by participants while waiting to be interviewed, in one of two conditions: preparing to lie or preparing to tell the truth. The effect of self-awareness was also investigated, with half of the participants sitting in front of a full length mirror during the waiting period. The other half faced a blank wall. A significant interaction was found for the duration of hand/arm movements between the deception and self-awareness conditions (F=4.335, df=1;76, p<0.05). Without a mirror, participants expecting to lie spent less time moving their hands than those expecting to tell the truth; the opposite was seen in the presence of a mirror. This finding indicates a new research area worth further investigation

Adhesive Hard-Sphere Colloidal Dispersions. A Small-Angle Neutron-Scattering Study of Stickiness and the Structure Factor

Small-angle neutron-scattering structure factor measurements were made on sterically stabilized silica spheres dispersed in benzene up to volume fractions of 0.30. Benzene is only a marginal solvent for the stabilizing layer on the surface of the particles. The particles are made attractive by lowering temperature. This attraction is modeled by a square well potential, the depth of which varies with temperature. At the highest temperature studied, our experimental system behaved effectively as an assembly of hard spheres, whereas at the lowest temperature the system approaches a spinodal. Using Baxter's theory we were able to evaluate the interaction parameters and to calculate the structure factor. Experimental structure factors were satisfactorily reproduced over the entire temperature range studied

Lie experts' beliefs about non-verbal indicators of deception

ABSTRACT.. Beliefs about behavioral clues to deception were investigated in 212 people, consisting of prisoners, police detectives, patrol police officers, prison guards, customs officers, and college students. Previous studies, mainly conducted with college students as subjects, showed that people have some incorrect beliefs about behavioral clues to deception. It was hypothesized that prisoners would have the best notion about clues of deception, due to the fact that they receive the most adequate feedback about successful deception strategies. The results supported this hypothesis

On the relation between diffusion, sedimentation, and friction

Since there exists in the literature some discrepancies in the formulation of the relation between diffusion, sedimentation, and friction of colloidal particles in solution, we rederive the relation between these transport phenomena in this paper. From the application of irreversible thermodynamics it is shown, that the relation between the experimentally accessible quantities like diffusion coefficient, sedimentation velocity, and osmotic compressibility can be obtained unambiguously. The relation between sedimentation velocity and frictional coefficient is discussed in detail, where we give an argumentation for the right expression between these two quantities

Mnemoninės technikos ir melo aptikimas: tiesos ir melo atpažinimo tikslumas

This study was an examination into whether the use of memory-enhancing techniques (mnemonics) in interviews can be helpful to distinguish truth tellers from liars. In the previous study (Izotovas et al., 2018), it was found that when mnemonic techniques were used in the interview immediately after the event, truth-tellers reported more details than liars in those immediate interviews and again after a delay. Moreover, truth-tellers, but not liars, showed patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay. In the current experiment, participants (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;92) were asked to read the repeated statements reported by participants in the Izotovas et al.’s (2018) study and decide whether the statements they read were truthful or deceptive. One group of participants (informed condition) received information about the findings of the previous study before reading the statement. The other group received no information before reading the statement (uninformed condition). After participants made veracity judgements, they were asked an open-ended question asking what factors influenced their credibility decision. Although truthful statements were judged more accurately in the informed condition (65.2%) than in the uninformed condition (47.8%), this difference was not significant. In both conditions deceptive statements were detected at chance level (52.2%). Participants who relied on the self-reported diagnostic verbal cues to deceit were not more accurate than participants who self-reported unreliable cues. This could happen because only the minority of participants (27.4%) in both conditions based their decisions on diagnostic cues to truth/deceit.Šiame eksperimente buvo siekiama nustatyti, ar mnemoninių (t .y. informacijos atkūrimą palengvinančių) technikų panaudojimas apklausų metu gali padėti atskirti tiesą sakančių ir meluojančių asmenų parodymus. Ankstesniame tyrime (Izotovas ir kt., 2018) buvo aptikta, kad kai skirtingos mnemonikos (t. y. konteksto atkūrimo, piešinio ar įvykių sekos) buvo naudojamos apklausose, atliktose iš karto po incidento, tiesą sakantys apklausiamieji pateikė reikšmingai daugiau skirtingų (vaizdinių, erdvinių, laiko ir veiksmo) detalių pasakojimuose tiek iš karto, tiek praėjus dviem savaitėms po incidento. Taip pat tiesą sakantys, tačiau ne meluojantys asmenys buvo linkę pateikti mažiau informacijos vėlesniuose negu ankstesniuose parodymuose. Šio eksperimento dalyvių (n = 92) buvo prašoma perskaityti transkribuotas pakartotines Izotovo ir kitų (2018) tiriamųjų apklausas ir įvertinti, ar parodymai buvo teisingi, ar melagingi. Viena tyrimo dalyvių grupė (n = 46) buvo informuota apie Izotovo ir kitų (2018) eksperimento rezultatus, t. y. tiriamiesiems buvo pateikta instrukcija, į ką atkreipti dėmesį vertinant parodymų teisingumą. Kita grupė (n = 46) šios instrukcijos negavo. Kai tiriamieji įvertino, ar informacija buvo teisinga, ar melaginga, buvo pateiktas atviras klausimas, į kokius tiesos / melo požymius jie atsižvelgė priimdami sprendimus dėl perskaitytų parodymų teisingumo / melagingumo. Rezultatai parodė, kad „informuoti“ tyrimo dalyviai šiek tiek tiksliau (65,2 %) už „neinformuotą“ (47,8 %) grupę vertino teisingus parodymus, tačiau skirtumas nebuvo statistiškai reikšmingas. Abiejose grupėse aptiktas identiškas melagingų parodymų tikslumas (52,2 %). Didžioji dalis eksperimento dalyvių iš abiejų grupių (72,6 %) sprendimus grindė nediagnostiniais, stereotipiniais melo atpažinimo požymiais (pvz., asmens dvejojimas, rišlumo, nuoseklumo stoka parodymuose). Tyrimo rezultatų praktinės implikacijos pateikiamos straipsnyje