481 research outputs found
Nitrogen Fractionation in External Galaxies
In star forming regions in our own Galaxy, the 14N/15N ratio is found to vary
from 100 in meteorites, comets and protoplanetary disks up to
1000 in pre-stellar and star forming cores, while in external galaxies the very
few single-dish large scale measurements of this ratio lead to values of
100-450. The extent of the contribution of isotopic fractionation to these
variations is, to date, unknown. In this paper we present a theoretical
chemical study of nitrogen fractionation in external galaxies in order to
determine the physical conditions that may lead to a spread of the 14N/15N
ratio from the solar value of 440 and hence evaluate the contribution of
chemical reactions in the ISM to nitrogen fractionation. We find that the main
cause of ISM enrichment of nitrogen fractionation is high gas densities, aided
by high fluxes of cosmic rays.Comment: Accepted by MNRA
A high resolution study of complex organic molecules in hot cores
We present the results of a line identification analysis using data from the
IRAM Plateau de Bure Inferferometer, focusing on six massive star-forming hot
cores: G31.41+0.31, G29.96-0.02, G19.61-0.23, G10.62-0.38, G24.78+0.08A1 and
G24.78+0.08A2. We identify several transitions of vibrationally excited methyl
formate (HCOOCH) for the first time in these objects as well as transitions
of other complex molecules, including ethyl cyanide (CHCN), and
isocyanic acid (HNCO). We also postulate a detection of one transition of
glycolaldehyde (CH(OH)CHO) in two new hot cores. We find G29.96-0.02,
G19.61-0.23, G24.78+0.08A1 and 24.78+0.08A2 to be chemically very similar.
G31.41+0.31, however, is chemically different: it manifests a larger chemical
inventory and has significantly larger column densities. We suggest that it may
represent a different evolutionary stage to the other hot cores in the sample,
or it may surround a star with a higher mass. We derive column densities for
methyl formate in G31.41+0.31, using the rotation diagram method, of
10 cm and a T of 170 K. For G29.96-0.02,
G24.78+0.08A1 and G24.78+0.08A2, glycolaldehyde, methyl formate and methyl
cyanide all seem to trace the same material and peak at roughly the same
position towards the dust emission peak. For G31.41+0.31, however,
glycolaldehyde shows a different distribution to methyl formate and methyl
cyanide and seems to trace the densest, most compact inner part of hot cores.Comment: Accepted to MNRA
Agnone festante nel 30 maggio 1854 solenne celebra la inaugurazione del Monte de' Pegni a monumento di devozione e di fedeltà verso Ferdinando 2. Re del regno delle Due Sicilie ... / il conte Viti sotto-intendente d'Isernia ... questa prolusione dettava ..
Agnone festante nel 30 maggio 1854 solenne celebra la inaugurazione del Monte de' Pegni a monumento di devozione e di fedeltà verso Ferdinando 2. Re del regno delle Due Sicilie ... / il conte Viti sotto-intendente d'Isernia ... questa prolusione dettava ..
Napoli : Stab. Tip. del Dante, 1854
32 p. ; 24 c
Availability-based dynamic pricing on a round-trip carsharing service: an explorative analysis using agent-based simulationÂ
Carsharing companies aim to customize their service to increase fleet usage and revenues with different pricing schemes and offer types. Dynamic pricing policies can be designed to adjust and balance temporally and spatially cars availability but may pose some question on customers’ fairness. In this paper, we propose an explorative analysis of how an availability-based dynamic pricing scheme impacts the demand and the supply performance. The policy is simulated in MATSim and compared to a fixed pricing policy scheme. This simulation consists of analyzing the behavior of a synthetic population of car-sharing members for Berlin and the surrounding region in which is applied an availability-based dynamic pricing in which price depends on vehicle availability in booking stations. Results show that when the dynamic pricing is applied there is a light decrease in the number of bookings and people with low value of time tend to abandon the carsharing mode in favor of other modes of transportation
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Profit and utility optimization through joint dynamic pricing and vehicle relocation in carsharing operations
peer reviewedPricing is one of the main determinants of a successful carsharing business plan. Companies develop different pricing strategies to increase attractiveness, profit, and service usage. Using dynamic pricing strategies can lead to service improvement in terms of profit and better customer satisfaction. This paper presents a novel research contribution to the field of transportation policy by introducing a new framework for designing dynamic pricing strategies in carsharing operations. We develop two hybrid-pricing strategies to increase profit and user utility in car sharing and analyze the service key performance indicators. These two different hybrid-pricing strategies are based upon two different approaches: one relying on demand related information (i.e., fixed price and time-based dynamic price) and one relying on supply related characteristics (i.e., maximum profit price and availability-based dynamic price). By considering both user utility and company indicators, this model features a bi-level structure that allows for rapid implementation. The framework relies on real-world data, typically available to carsharing companies, including membership data, geographic distribution of users, fleet composition, and the location of vehicles and stations. Additionally, we propose a relocation procedure that relocates vehicles on a day-to-day adjustment process. We study the impact of these strategies in an agent-based environment capable to accurately replicate a real carsharing service that operated in the city of Munich, Germany. Once these policies are in place, results show how it is possible to increase profit and customers’ utility. Moreover, we show how an increment in profit corresponds to a reduction of the utility and vice versa. Overall, the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid-pricing strategies in improving key performance indicators such as profit and score in carsharing services is demonstrated through the positive impact of demand-based pricing combined with relocation operations, while supply-based pricing strategies were found to be ineffective in enhancing profit and booking time.Supporting Tool For Empowering Advanced Mobility Services11. Sustainable cities and communitie
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