AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE CYBERBULLYING

The rapid growth of social networking is supplementing the progression of cyberbullying activities. Most of the individuals involved in these activities belong to the younger generations,   especially teenagers, who in the worst scenario are at more risk of suicidal attempts. This propose an effective approach to detect cyberbullying messages from social media through a SVM classifier algorithm. This present ranking algorithm to access highest visited link and also provide age verification before access the particular social media. The experiments show effectiveness of our approach

RADIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FICUS RACEMOSA ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST ELECTRON BEAM INDUCED DNA DAMAGE IN VITRO, IN VIVO AND IN SILICO

Objective: To investigate the radioprotective effect of Ficus racemosa (Fr) ethanol stem bark extract against electron beam radiation (EBR) induced DNA damage using in vitro, in vivo and in silico models.Methods: The extract of Fr was tested against radiation induced DNA damage by exposing pBR322 plasmid to different EBR dose rates. Comet assay was conducted using mice which were exposed at 6Gy EBR. In silico study was performed by inhibiting p53 protein C-chain (1TUP C) using phyto chemicals of Fr.Results: The in vitro results revealed that, Fr at lower concentration (50µg) showed inhibitory effect on radiation induced DNA damage compared with control. Exposure of mice to 6Gy EBR increased comet parameters like TL (Tail length), OTM (Olive tail moment) and %T (percentage of DNA in the tail) of blood lymphocytes. Fr ethanol extract given orally prior to irradiation at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight protected the DNA from the radiation damage. The phytochemicals of Fr showed clear interaction with p53 protein chain C, specifically binding to Arginine 248 (ARG248) and Arginine 273 (ARG273) amino acid residues thereby inhibiting the p53 protein-DNA interaction upon radiation.Conclusion: The present study indicates that Fr ethanol extract significantly reduced radiation induced DNA damage in vivo and in vitro. It also showed that the biologically active compounds of Fr have ability to inhibit wild p53 protein which is responsible for apoptosis; these compounds can be used as radioprotectors during chemotherapy to protect normal tissues surrounding cancerous tissue.Â

Evaluation of yield and forage quality in main and ratoon crops of different sorghum lines

Improving the yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) forage for livestock feeding is a major breeding objective, because of sorghum’s inherently high biomass accumulation, high productivity per unit water utilized and its ability to produce a ratoon crop after harvesting of the plant crop. Newly bred sorghum lines, including 36 lines falling in 5 different categories, i.e. 12 experimental dual-purpose lines, 6 germplasm accessions from the ICRISAT collection, 11 commercial varieties and hybrids, 6 forage varieties and 1 bmr mutant line, were evaluated in terms of fodder yield, quality and ratooning ability. The main crop produced more dry biomass (P<0.05) at 80 days after planting (mean 22.87 t DM/ha; range 17.32‒33.82 t DM/ha) than the ratoon crop (mean 8.47 t DM/ha; range 3.2‒17.42 t DM/ha) after a further 80 days of growth. Mean nitrogen concentration in forage did not differ greatly between main and ratoon crops (2.56 vs. 2.40%, respectively) but there was wide variation between lines (2.06‒2.89%). The line N 610 recorded highest N percentage of 2.89%, followed by SSG 59 3 (2.86%) and SX 17 (2.81%). Highest acid detergent fiber % was recorded by ICSV 12008 (42.1%), closely followed by CO 31 and IS 34638 (40.0%). The least acid detergent lignin % was observed in MLSH-296 Gold (3.59%), ICSV 700 (3.75%) and ICSSH 28 (3.83%). Metabolizable energy concentration was highest in N 610, Phule Yashodha and SX 17 (mean 8.34 MJ/kgDM), while in vitro organic matter digestibility ranged from 52.5 to 62.6%. The main crop contained much higher mean concentrations of the cyanogenic glycoside, dhurrin, than the ratoon (639 vs. 233 ppm, respectively) with ranges of 38 to 2,298 ppm and 7 to 767 ppm, respectively. There was no significant correlation between dhurrin concentration and dry biomass yield so breeding and selection for low dhurrin concentrations should not jeopardize yields. Hence, breeding for sorghum can target simultaneously both quality and biomass improvement

Performance of bmr 6 and 12 Sorghum Mutants in Different Wild Backgrounds Under Salinity

Sorghum is one of the bioenergy crops, with considerable tolerance to salinity. The current work was undertaken to assess the salinity tolerance of brown midrib (bmr) mutant lines and wild parents for biomass composition and potential theoretical ethanol yield (TEY). The variation for salinity levels in field plots was significant; hence, salinity screening under controlled environment was performed. The mutant line N 600 (bmr-12) had performed better under field screening (at 10 dS m−1) with fresh stalk yield of 17.3 t ha−1, dry stalk yield of 7.4 t ha−1, and grain yield of 2.0 t ha−1. The performance of bmr-6 and bmr-12 mutant alleles showed that bmr-12 allele, i.e., N 597 and N 600 had performed better than its wild types EHS and Atlas, respectively, for relative fresh and dry biomass index at 20, 40 and 80 days after imposing 150 mM salinity stress. The lines N 597 (13.05 cm2 g−1), N 596 (6.84 cm2 g−1) and N 593 (7.39 cm2 g−1) recorded the highest specific leaf area at 20, 40 and 80 days of stress, respectively. High membrane stability index was recorded in mutants N 596 (bmr-6-85.33%) and N 597 (bmr-12-84.78%) with EHS though under different genetic background under stress. Higher TEY was recorded in N 597 (2219.82 L ha−1), N 600 (2159.79 L ha−1), N 595 (2019.03 L ha−1) and N 598 (1945.33 L ha−1) under stressed conditions, with a moderate reduction of 47.85 and 47.50% in 2014 and 2015, respectively, in TEY

DETECTION OF TORQUE TENO SUS VIRUS (TTSUV) IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS OF PIGS WITH CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER, PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME, AND PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS 2 INFECTIONS

Torque teno sus viruses (TTSuVs) have never been implicated in the direct causation of any disease; however, their role as cofactors in the precipitation of certain disease conditions is gaining some support. Considering the spurt in the number of outbreaks of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections, and classical swine fever (CSF) in India, we have investigated the extent of association of TTSuVs with the above said viruses by PCR. The TTsuVs were detected in 53% and 26.22% of CSFV-PRRSV-PCV-positive and apparently healthy negative tissue samples respectively. In serum, these were detected respectively in 29.60% and 21.42 % of CSFV-PRRSVinfected and apparently samples. The results obtained for the tissue samples are in concurrence with the observations of previous studies which reported a higher prevalence of TTSuVs in CSFV-PRRSV-PCV-positive clinical specimens as compared to the healthy ones. This is the first report of co-infection of TTSuVs with CSFV, PRRSV, and PCV from India. Future works are needed to establish the pathogenic role of TTSuVs through experimental studies

Surface Runoff Estimation Using SCS-CN Method for Kurumballi Sub-watershed in Shivamogga District, Karnataka, India

SCS-curve number (CN) is one of the most well-liked and commonly applied methods for estimating surface runoff. The present study aims to calculate surface runoff using SCS-CN watershed-based calculation and geospatial technology in the Kurumballi sub-watershed Shivamogga District of Karnataka, India. The study area covers about an area of 47.67 sq. km. The union of land use/land cover classification with hydrological soil groups (HSG) yields the runoff estimation by the SCS-CN curve approach. This method calculates the runoff volume from the land surface flows into the river or streams. Moreover, the study area’s delineation of runoff potential zones was done using the thematic integration method. Different thematic layers were used, including lithology, geomorphology, soil, slope, land use and land cover, drainage, surface water bodies, groundwater contour, and isohyetal maps. Furthermore, associating it with the SCS-CN technique, the total surface runoff volume of the study area was estimated. The total surface runoff volume in the study area is 21065849.7 m3. To this study, thematic integration with the SCS-CN approach to estimate runoff for watersheds is valuable for improving water management and soil conservation

Phytoremediation: green to clean environmental heavy metal pollution

Many natural processes and anthropogenic activities lead to the persistent accumulation of non-biodegradable heavy metals in the environment. This contamination further has the potential to enter the food chain by a process called bioaccumulation and further, the concentration of heavy metal raises exponentially from lower to higher trophic levels as it is consumed called biomagnification. With the perspective of the consequences associated with heavy metal toxicity including risks to ecosystem and human health (mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic), the reclamation of toxic accumulates in soil and water is of paramount importance. Presently, clean-up technologies for heavy metals primarily concentrate on mitigating toxicity using physicochemical and mechanical methods such as soil incineration, excavation, landfilling, soil washing, solidification, and the application of electric fields. However, these are expensive, time-consuming, and also result in destructive changes to soil's physicochemical and biological properties, causing secondary pollution to the soil ecosystem. Therefore, the use of the inherent plant’s ability to absorb ionic compounds even at low concentrations near the soil-root interface can be effectively employed as a strategy to extract and remove or lower the bioavailable toxic metals and this phenomenon is called phytoremediation