781 research outputs found
Resistance to the SDHI fungicides boscalid and fluopyram in Podosphaera xanthii from commercial cucurbit fields in Spain
Powdery mildew elicited by Podosphaera xanthii is a devastating disease of cucurbits worldwide and one of the most important diseases affecting these crops in Spain. Application of fungicides is the main control practice for managing P. xanthii; however, isolates resistant to multiple classes of site-specific fungicides have been recently reported in the Spanish cucurbit powdery mildew population. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) constitute a relatively novel class of fungicides registered for powdery mildew control representing new alternatives for cucurbit growers. In the present study, 30 P. xanthii isolates were used to determine the effective concentration that reduces mycelial growth by 50% (EC50) to boscalid and fluopyram. The present study was also conducted to obtain discriminatory doses to monitor SDHI fungicide resistance in 180 P. xanthii isolates collected from several commercial cucurbit fields in Spain during 2017-2018. Three SDHI resistance patterns were observed in our population, which include patterns I (resistance to boscalid), II (resistance to fluopyram), and III (resistance to boscalid and fluopyram). The amino acid changes associated with these resistance patterns in the Sdh protein were also examined. Based on our results, SDHI fungicides are good alternatives for cucurbit powdery mildew control, although they should be applied with caution.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec
Resistance to SDHI fungicides in Botrytis cinerea from strawberry fields in Spain
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers., is one of the most economically important
diseases of strawberries and its control involves the application of fungicides throughout the
strawberry growing season. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) constitute a novel class of
fungicides representing new alternatives for strawberry growers. In the present study, B.
cinerea isolates were used to determine the effective concentration that reduces mycelial
growth by 50% (EC50) and to obtain discriminatory doses to monitor SDHI fungicides over the
course of three-year monitoring period. The overall frequencies of resistance to the SDHI
fungicides boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad and penthiopyrad were 56.9, 6.9, 12.9, and
24.6%, respectively. Four SDHI resistance patterns were observed in our population.
Patterns I (resistance to boscalid) and II (resistance to boscalid and penthiopyrad) were
associated with the amino acid substitutions H272R/Y; pattern III (resistance to boscalid,
fluxapyroxad, and penthiopyrad) was associated only with the H272Y mutation; and finally,
pattern IV (resistance to boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad and penthiopyrad) was associated with
the N230I allele in the SdhB subunit. For gray mold management, it is suggested that the
simultaneous use of boscalid and penthiopyrad should be limited to one application per season.
The use of fluxapyroxad and fluopyram could be used as valid SDHI alternatives for our strawberry
growers, but they should be applied with caution.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Muertes por desesperación en Europa: el impacto de la Gran Recesión
El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la evolución del fenómeno de las muertes por desesperación en Europa, con especial énfasis en el caso español. Tras una revisión descriptiva de esta evolución, la primera parte del análisis empírico sortea la escasez de datos socioeconómicos en las estadísticas de defunciones utilizando las enfermedades por desesperación como proxy. Así, a partir de los datos de la encuesta SHARE, se trata de cuantificar el impacto de la Gran Recesión sobre la salud mental y el consumo de alcohol de los desempleados europeos, desagregando por género, nivel de estudios y tipo de país, utilizando para ello un diseño de diferencias en diferencias. La segunda parte del trabajo pone el foco en España. Utilizando datos de las estadísticas de defunciones, nuevamente se estudia el impacto de la Gran Recesión sobre las muertes por desesperación, a nivel provincial, tomando como tratamiento la variación de la tasa de paro para la cohorte de mediana edad.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, en primer lugar, la Gran Recesión provocó un empeoramiento de la salud mental de los desempleados europeos, efecto que fue superior en aquellos países más afectados por la crisis y en los individuos con menor cualificación. En segundo lugar, se aprecia una relación positiva entre la variación de la tasa de paro y las tasas de suicidio tras 2008, que se observa tanto con respecto a las variaciones contemporáneas del desempleo como con respecto a las variaciones pasadas.Máster Universitario en Análisis Económico Aplicado (M148
Spike-based control monitoring and analysis with Address Event Representation
Neuromorphic engineering tries to mimic biological
information processing. Address-Event Representation (AER) is
a neuromorphic communication protocol for spiking neurons
between different chips. We present a new way to drive robotic
platforms using spiking neurons. We have simulated spiking
control models for DC motors, and developed a mobile robot
(Eddie) controlled only by spikes. We apply AER to the robot
control, monitoring and measuring the spike activity inside the
robot. The mobile robot is controlled by the AER-Robot tool,
and the AER information is sent to a PC using the
USBAERmini2 interface.Junta de Andalucía P06-TIC-01417Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TEC2006-11730-C03-0
An AER-Based Actuator Interface for Controlling an Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand
Bio-Inspired and Neuro-Inspired systems or circuits are a
relatively novel approaches to solve real problems by mimicking the biology
in its efficient solutions. Robotic also tries to mimic the biology and
more particularly the human body structure and efficiency of the muscles,
bones, articulations, etc. Address-Event-Representation (AER) is
a communication protocol for transferring asynchronous events between
VLSI chips, originally developed for neuro-inspired processing systems
(for example, image processing). Such systems may consist of a complicated
hierarchical structure with many chips that transmit data among
them in real time, while performing some processing (for example, convolutions).
The information transmitted is a sequence of spikes coded using
high speed digital buses. These multi-layer and multi-chip AER systems
perform actually not only image processing, but also audio processing,
filtering, learning, locomotion, etc. This paper present an AER interface
for controlling an anthropomorphic robotic hand with a neuro-inspired
system.Unión Europea IST-2001-34124 (CAVIAR)Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC-2003-08164-C03-0
A Protocol Generator Tool for Automatic In-Vitro HPV Robotic Analysis
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) could develop precancerous
lesions and invasive cancer, as it is the main cause of nearly all cases
of cervical cancer. There are many strains of HPV and current vaccines
can only protect against some of them. This makes the detection and
genotyping of HPV a research area of utmost importance. Several biomedical
systems can detect HPV in DNA samples; however, most of
them do not have a procedure as fast, automatic or precise as it is actually
needed in this field. This manuscript presents a novel XML-based
hierarchical protocol architecture for biomedical robots to describe each
protocol step and execute it sequentially, along with a robust and automatic
robotic system for HPV DNA detection capable of processing from
1 to 24 samples simultaneously in a fast (from 45 to 162 min), efficient
(100% markers effectiveness) and precise (able to detect 36 different HPV
genotypes) way. It includes an efficient artificial vision process as the last
step of the diagnostic.FIDETIA P055-12/E03Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida TEC2016-77785-
Building Blocks for Spikes Signals Processing
Neuromorphic engineers study models and
implementations of systems that mimic neurons behavior in the
brain. Neuro-inspired systems commonly use spikes to
represent information. This representation has several
advantages: its robustness to noise thanks to repetition, its
continuous and analog information representation using digital
pulses, its capacity of pre-processing during transmission time,
... , Furthermore, spikes is an efficient way, found by nature, to
codify, transmit and process information. In this paper we
propose, design, and analyze neuro-inspired building blocks
that can perform spike-based analog filters used in signal
processing. We present a VHDL implementation for FPGA.
Presented building blocks take advantages of the spike rate
coded representation to perform a massively parallel processing
without complex hardware units, like floating point arithmetic
units, or a large memory. Those low requirements of hardware
allow the integration of a high number of blocks inside a FPGA,
allowing to process fully in parallel several spikes coded signals.Junta de Andalucía P06-TIC-O1417Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-10639-C04-02Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2006-11730-C03-0
Synthetic retina for AER systems development
Neuromorphic engineering tries to mimic biology in
information processing. Address-Event Representation (AER) is
a neuromorphic communication protocol for spiking neurons
between different layers. AER bio-inspired image sensor are
called “retina”. This kind of sensors measure visual information
not based on frames from real life and generates corresponding
events. In this paper we provide an alternative, based on cheap
FPGA, to this image sensors that takes images provided by an
analog video source (video composite signal), digitalizes it and
generates AER streams for testing purposes.Junta de Andalucía P06-TIC-01417Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TEC2006-11730-C03-0
Live demonstration: Neuro-inspired system for realtime vision tilt correction
Correcting digital images tilt needs huge quantities
of memory, high computational resources, and use to take a
considerable amount of time. This demonstration shows how a
spikes-based silicon retina dynamic vision sensor (DVS) tilt can
corrected in real time using a commercial accelerometer. DVS
output is a stream of spikes codified using the address-event
representation (AER). Event-based processing is focused on
change in real time DVS output addresses. Taking into account
this DVS feature, we present an AER based layer able to correct
in real time the DVS tilt, using a high speed algorithmic
mapping layer and introducing a minimum latency in the
system. A co-design platform (the AER-Robot platform), based
into a Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA and an 8051 USB microcontroller,
has been used to implement the system
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