A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Le Sanctuaire de Rajat (Puy-de-Dôme)

Verdier Henri. Le Sanctuaire de Rajat (Puy-de-Dôme). In: Gallia, tome 21, fascicule 2, 1963. pp. 241-247

[Stefan Caesar Pestalozzi]

peint par Henry Verdier ; Coussin dell. scul.Unten links mit Feder in Braun bezeichnet "Stäffan Cesssar Pestalluz"Der Künstler "Coussin" konnte nicht individualisiert werde

[Stefan Caesar Pestalozzi]

peint par Henry Verdier ; Coussin dell. scul.Unten Mitte mit Feder in Rot ergänzt "STEFAN CÆSAR PESTALVZ. VIX. 1690"Der Künstler "Coussin" konnte nicht individualisiert werde

Amélioration de l'efficacité de séparation d’isotopes par diffusion gazeuse à travers une paroi poreuse au moyen de champs électriques

On a étudie, dans la diffusion à travers une paroi poreuse, la possibilité d'amélioration des coefficients de séparation des isotopes par la mise en œuvre de champs électriques élevés permettant la création d'une décharge électrique du type effet couronne dans la veine d'écoulement du gaz.Les expériences ont été conduites en utilisant de l'Argon et en mesurant les coefficients d'enrichissement en isotope 36 de l'Argon naturel. Elles ont montré en particulier que l'efficacité de séparation pouvait être accrue de 50 % dans un étage où le coefficient de partage des flux était de 0,5. Elles ont mis en évidence que cette amélioration était due à la destruction partielle de la couche limite au voisinage de la paroi poreuse, destruction consécutive aux turbulences qui ont pour origine la décharge d'effet couronne

Pathological and Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris Strains Causing Diseases of Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Fifty-one strains representing Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis and cassavae and different pathovars occurring on plants of the family Euphorbiaceae were characterized by ribotyping with a 16S+23S rRNA probe of Escherichia coli and by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a plasmid probe from X. campestris pv. manihotis. Pathogenicity tests were performed on cassava (Manihot esculenta). Histological comparative studies were conducted on strains of two pathovars of X. campestris (vascular and mesophyllic) that attack cassava. Our results indicated that X. campestris pv. manihotis and cassavae have different modes of action in the host and supplemented the taxonomic data on restriction fragment length polymorphism that clearly separate the two pathovars. The plasmid probe could detect multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms among strains of the pathovar studied. Ribotyping provides a useful tool for rapid identification of X. campestris pathovars on cassava

Efficiency of Triple Bagging System and Lippia multiflora Leaves for the Vitamin Quality Preservation of Cowpea Seeds (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of triple bagging systems with or without Lippia multiflora leaves on the vitamin-quality of cowpea seeds during storage. Methodology: Cowpea seeds that have undergone any treatment were collected from producer in the southwest of Côte d’Ivoire. The fresh leaves of Lippia multiflora were collected and dried in sunlight for 7 days in center of Côte d’Ivoire. The storage bags used were obtained from the suppliers to Côte d’Ivoire in Abidjan. All this material was sent to the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Côte d’Ivoire to perform the experiment. Thus for the experiment realization, a central composite design (CCD) was used. The first factor of CCD consisted to six types of packaging, namely: one control with polypropylene bag (TST), one triple bagging batch (composed of 2 internal layers in independent high density polyethylene 80 mm thick and a woven bag polypropylene) without biopesticide (H0), and four batches (H1, H2, H3 and H4) containing respectively (0.7%; 2.5; 4.3%; and 5%) biopesticide. The second factor, storage time, it included six periods of observation (0; 1; 2; 4.5; 7 and 8 months). HPLC techniques were used for the separation and quantification of β-carotene, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and the water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and folic acid). The estimated daily intake of folic acid (vitamin B9) was also evaluated for Ivorian adult of 70 kg. Results: The results of vitamin properties indicate a significant influence (P < 0.05) between the type of treatments and shelf life. Multivariate analysis results (PCA and AHC) indicate that the addition of at least 0.7% Lippia multiflora leaves in triple bagging systems makes preservation more efficient and preserves the vitamin quality of the cowpea seeds during 8 months. The contribution to meeting vitamin B9 requirements is palpable when cowpea seeds are stored for up to 8 months in the triple bagging systems associated with the biopesticide. Conclusion: Cowpea seeds storage in triple bagging systems with Lippia multiflora leaves appears as a method of effective and inexpensive conservation to ensure the vitamin-quality of cowpea

Interaction of Stearic Acid Deposited on Silicon Samples With Ar/N 2 and Ar/O 2 Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Post-discharges

International audienc

Pratiques funéraires et sacrifices d'animaux en Mongolie à la période proto-historique. Du perçu au signifié. A propos d'une sépulture Xiongnu de la vallée d'Egyin Gol (Région péri-Baïkal).

Study of a kurgan of the second century A.D., in northern Mongolia. At the bottom of the pit, a wooden burial chamber contained a coffin which yielded the remains of a young man, perfectly within the range of variations of the mongoloïd type, together with the remains of the head and lower legs of one horse, three cattle and eight caprines. Thin sections of dental cementům were analyzed to determine the season during which the animals had been killed and comparison was made with archaeological and historical data from the same area of the world, raising the question of the significance of these remains.Etude d'un kourgane du IIe siècle de notre ère, situé au nord de la Mongolie. Au fond de la fosse, une chambre funéraire en bois contient un cercueil, qui a livré les restes d'un homme jeune, s'intégrant parfaitement dans la variabilité mongoloïde, auquel étaient associés sept pointes de flèches et les restes d'un arc. A côté de la chambre funéraire, les restes d'un autre coffre, contenant deux baguettes en os, ont été mis au jour. Au fond de la fosse, à l'extérieur des coffres, une niche avait été creusée en sape. Elle contient principalement les restes de l'extrémité céphalique et des extrémités distales des pattes, d'un cheval, de 3 bovines, et de 8 caprines. L'étude de la saison d'abattage des animaux par l' intermédiaire de l'analyse, par lames minces, des dépôts de cément, jointe aux comparaisons avec des données archéologiques et historiques provenant de la même région du monde, permettent de s'interroger sur la signification de ces restes.Crubezy Éric, Martin Hélène, Giscard Pierre-Henri, Batsaikhan Z., Erdenebaatar Diimaajav, Maureille Bruno, Verdier Jean-Pierre. Pratiques funéraires et sacrifices d'animaux en Mongolie à la période proto-historique. Du perçu au signifié. A propos d'une sépulture Xiongnu de la vallée d'Egyin Gol (Région péri-Baïkal).. In: Paléorient, 1996, vol. 22, n°1. pp. 89-107