Interactive Air Traffic Control automation in oceanic airspace

Air traffic controllers workload limits impose upper bounds to the amount of traffic manageable in a given air sector for a given time frame. Air Traf- fic Control (ATC) automation methods open the possibility of reducing this workload by shifting to the machine the tasks of (1) detecting poten- tial conflicts, and of (2) proposing to the controller ATC instructions that prevent such conflicts. We propose a decision support system based on a combinatorial optimization approach using a branch-and-bound method. Given a known traffic situation, we proceed by simulating the trajecto- ries of traffic, taking into account possible instructions to separate traffic. In this study we considered only flight level change instructions, given at report fixes. The cost function employed includes both a measure of vertical deviation from the filed flight plan (FPL) and the total amount of ATC instructions. The multi-criteria problem is solved interactively, as the operator directs the algorithm towards the solution, indicating its preferences at intermediate points in the simulation. As a case study, we analyse the problem of oceanic airspace, where conventional ATC is used due to the lack of radar coverage

La notion de travail dans l'expérience psychanalytique

À partir de la recherche des différentes manières dont la notion de travail apparaît dans l'œuvre de Freud, à partir des termes psychanalytiques composés par le suffixe arbeit, lesquels remarquent principalement les efforts du psychisme pour traiter l'excès pulsionnel, cet article souligne l'importance de cette notion pour penser l'expérience psychanalytique comme un travail érotique en recherche de la mobilité pulsionnelle, de la transformation subjective et d'autres modes d'être et de se placer dans la vie.Based on the research of several ways in which the concept of work appears throughout Freud's work, beginning with the psychoanalytic terms composed with the suffix arbeit, which indicate the psyche's effort in dealing with the instinctual excess, this article emphasizes the importance of this concept, reflecting on the psychoanalytic experience as an erotic work searching for the instinctual trend, for the subjective transformation, and for other ways of experiencing life.De la investigación de las varias maneras en las que aparece la noción de trabajo a lo largo de la obra de Freud y tomando como punto de partida los términos psicoanalíticos compuestos con el sufijo "arbeit" que apuntan, sobre todo, al esfuerzo de la psique/psiquismo para lidiar con el exceso pulsional, este artículo subrayó la importancia del concepto de trabajo para pensar en la experiencia psicoanalítica como un trabajo erótico en búsqueda de la movilidad pulsional, la transformación subjetiva y otras formas de ser y suceder en la vida.A partir da pesquisa das diversas maneiras como a noção de trabalho aparece ao longo da obra freudiana, tomando como ponto de partida os termos psicanalíticos compostos com o sufixo "arbeit", que apontam principalmente para o esforço do psiquismo em lidar com o excesso pulsional, este artigo enfatiza a importância dessa noção para se pensar a experiência psicanalítica como um trabalho erótico em busca da mobilidade pulsional, da transformação subjetiva e de outros modos de ser e acontecer na vida