La investigación económica en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca y en la Comunidad Foral Navarra: una visión panorámica (1994-1999)

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto establecer una visión panorámica de las novedades bibliográficas incluidas en las principales revistas especializadas en el campo de la economía vasca y navarra a lo largo de los años 1994-1999.Esta revisión muestra que fueron buenos años,no sólo por los datos económicos,sino a causa de las aportaciones realizadas en orden a conseguir progresos en el conocimiento de la realidad.No obstante,todavía hay una importante tarea por desarrollar,a pesar de la confusión que genera que la realidad cambie más rápidamente que la doctrina.Euskal eta nafar ekonomiaren alorrean espezializaturiko aldizkari nagusietan,1994tik 1999ra bitartean,agerturiko berritasun bibliografikoen ikuspegi zabala finkatzea da lan honen helburua. Berrikuspen honek agerian jarri duenez,urte onak izan ziren horiek,ez bakarrik datu ekonomikoengatik,baizik eta errealitatea ezagutzeko aurrerapenak egiteari dagozkion ekarrien aldetik ere.Nolanahi ere,oraindik handia da garatu beharreko eginkizuna,errealitatea doktrina baino arinago aldatzeak sortzen duen nahasmena gorabehera.Ce travail a pour but d'établir une vision panoramique des nouveautés bibliographiques que l'on trouve dans les principales revues spécialisées dans le domaine de l'économie basque et navarraise durant les années 1994-1999.Cette révision démontre que ce furent de bonnes années,non seulement grâce aux données économiques,mais également grâce aux contributions réalisées dans le but d'obtenir des progrès dans la connaissance de la réalité. Pourtant,il reste encore du travail à accomplir,malgré la confusion créée par un changement plus rapide de la réalité que de la doctrine.The author intends to obtain a panoramic view of the bibliographical novelties included in the principal magazines specialised in the field of Basque and Navarran economy throughout the years 1994-1999. This review shows that these were good years, not only because of the economic data, but on account of the contributions made to make more headway on the knowledge of reality. Nevertheless, there is still an important task to carry out, in spite of the confusion that is generated by the fact that reality changes faster than doctrine

Modelos de organización flexible: estudio del sector de la maquina-herramienta

Uno de los objetivos de este artículo ha sido identificar el modo en que las nuevas formas organizativas suponen una transformación drástica con respecto a los modelos tradicionales. Los nuevos modelos y, en particular, el de organización virtual supone la aparición de un nuevo marco conceptual. La innovación no reside tanto en que se abordan nuevas soluciones para los problemas, como en la transformación de los propios problemas y cuestiones clave.KUTXA; Vicerrectorado de Campus de Gipuzkoa de la UPV/EH

Mobilizing company members' full innovative potential

Most of the literature on innovation management highlights the fundamental role played by people in the innovation process and the need to fully develop the creative and innovative potential of organizations' members. This article offers the result of extensive research carried out among some of the most innovative companies in the Basque Country, a highly innovative region located in the north of Spain. It draws interesting conclusions about how these innovative companies combine strong leadership, human resource practices, and an organizational culture that enhances innovation capabilities among the company's employees. More specifically, it answers questions such as the following: Are human resources policies, leadership, and innovation culture implemented equally in Basque innovative companies? Do companies make the same effort in deploying these elements or routines and practices related to them? Can we see a pattern in the use of these elements among innovative firms

El benchmarking aplicado a la gestión de la innovación

La gestión de la innovación es uno de los más importantes desafíos a los que se enfrentan los gestores empresariales. Numerosas instituciones y agentes del ámbito público, como privado (académicos,gobiernos, consultoras,agencias de desarrollo regional, centros tecnológicos, etc.) han propuesto y han elaborado modelos para ayudar a desenmarañar el reto de la innovación y para poder realizar una gestión eficaz de la misma. Este artículo sugiere el empleo de los modelos de gestión de la innovación para la realización de ejercicios de evaluación comparativa o benchmarking de diagnóstico que permitan mejorar la capacidad de gestión de la innovación de las organizaciones.KUTXA; Vicerrectorado de Campus de Gipuzkoa de la UPV/EH

Corporate social responsibility as a framework for gender equality: Mapping of gender equality standards for sustainable development

Corporations address gender equality issues in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development. As in other areas of CSR, various standards, certifications, and similar initiatives have been proposed to promote gender equality. Despite an increasing number of self-regulation and signaling schemes being proposed, their study has been overlooked by the scholarly literature. This article tries to shed light on these standards through a two-stage exploratory study. First, the main worldwide initiatives that focus on gender equality standards are scrutinized and mapped. Second, their main characteristics are analyzed, based on a content analysis of the information disclosed by organizations that foster the most relevant initiatives. A systematic analysis of relevant gender equality standards is provided. This work highlights a dispersion and lack of uniformity in terms of missions, results, measurement, and even the definition of gender equality or the term used to refer to it. No framework has prevailed. Gender equality standards lack gender mainstreaming and intersectionality is invisible. The business case appears to be the main driver of gender equality standards. The present study is one of the first attempts to thoroughly examine the institutional design of gender equality standards, their standard-setting process as well as their enforcement. We suggest a rethink of the policies that promote the gender equality standards in organizations, as well as a need for collaborative work between managers and policymakers towards the use of common terminology, indicators, and uniformity regarding the terms to be certificated.This study the project METASTANDARDS; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI); and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union (project reference PGC2018-098723-B-I00)

Industry 4.0 and potential for reshoring: A typology of technology profiles of manufacturing firms

The paper analyses the trend towards reshoring processes in the field of manufacturing industry as a result of the massive digitisation of the technical solutions used by most product fields. The paper analyses the trend towards reshoring processes in the new productive scenario of industry 4.0 posed by the manufacturing industry because of the overall application of ICT and other technologies in their product fields. The incorporation of Industry 4.0 technologies (I 4.0 T) and the resulting digitalisation raises needs for technology adaptation in production plants that have strong territorial effects derived from the technological constraints linked to the adaptation process itself and that result, in many cases, in reshoring. Our analytical proposal takes a logical-formal point of view based on the cognitive composition of the technical solutions used by manufacturing industry, and draws up a typology of technology profiles to help determine the potential for reshoring among offshored plants and the difficulties that the process may entail. The results enable us to identify a growing role for reshoring processes, distinguishing different degrees of intensity depending on the characteristics of the technological scenario in which each plant is located, with the technological resources offered by its local setting playing a fundamental role

Women’s occupational health and safety management: An issue for corporate social responsibility

This study measures the extent to which the gender perspective is taken into account in Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) management and proposes an innovative approach for managing it. This work is an exploratory study of the relations between women´s OHS and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through the examination of the main management practices that literature supports in a survey conducted at 117 companies in Spain with different levels of commitment to gender equality. Overall, the practices in question are found to be deployed to a moderate extent and their impact is limited. The most relevant initiatives are those related to the prevention, punishment and eradication of sexual harassment in the workplace and violence against women. Our findings indicate that compliance with the law and the importance of external recognition in CSR are main drivers in promoting the gender perspective in OHS. A coherent framework is suggested for addressing women’s OHS management based on a voluntary, preventive, systematic approach that goes beyond sexual and reproductive issues, namely the CSR.Ministerio de Igualdad (España), Exp.: 175/0

Barriers to women’s access to decision-making positions: a review of current situation and literature’s main contributions

[ES]A pesar de los avances producidos en materia legislativa, la incorporación de las mujeres a los puestos de decisión de las empresas sigue siendo limitada. Son muchas las razones que explican este fenómeno. Entre las causas más citadas por la literatura cabe mencionar: los roles y la distribución irregular de las responsabilidades familiares y sus efectos en el equilibrio entre la vida profesional y familiar, los estereotipos de género y la discriminación, los sistemas de selección y evaluación sesgados, la falta de mentoring o modelos de referencia de mujeres, la exclusión de redes informales de trabajo y la estructura y los procesos organizacionales. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo sintetizar estas causas, así como ofrecer algunas soluciones que las empresas pueden adoptar en sus organizaciones para facilitar el desarrollo profesional de las mujeres.[EN]Although there has been a significant progress in legislation, women’s incorporation in company’s decision-making positions remains limited. There are many reasons that explain such phenomenon. According to literature these are: the roles and irregular distribution of family responsibilities and their effect in the balance between professional and family life; gender stereotypes and discrimination; biased selection and evaluation systems; the absence of mentoring and reference models for women; women exclusion from informal working networks; and the organizational structure and processes. The main objective of the article is to summarize these reasons, and to offer some solutions companies can adopt in order to facilitate women’s professional development in their organizations

Does having women managers lead to increased gender equality practices in corporate social responsibility?

There is increasing interest in determining what impact having women in management positions may have on corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Various authors suggest that gender equality practices should be factored into the broader framework of CSR. This paper examines how the presence of women on corporate boards, in top and middle management and as heads of CSR departments, influences gender equality practices in the field of CSR. Using information collected from companies that have signed up to Women's Empowerment Principles in Spain, we show that the presence of women in the aforesaid posts has a positive impact on CSR activities with gender equality objectives. We thus supplement the justice, business and moral arguments with further arguments in support of the incorporation of women into not only corporate boards but all management positions. Finally, we provide a view of how gender equality can be included in the broader framework of CSR.This research was funded by the Ministry of Equality of Spain, Exp.:175/09. The authors would like to thank the managers of the companies who participated in this project. Their kind gesture in sharing their time and effort is greatly appreciated