Intravenous labetalol vs. oral nifedipine in control of hypertensive emergencies in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: a randomized control trial

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a disorder peculiar to human pregnancy and accounts for a considerable proportion of both maternal and perinatal deaths. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of labetalol versus nifedepine in the treatment of hypertensive crisis, maternal and fetal outcomes and also prevention of further complications in patients admitted to department of OBG, VIMS, Ballari.Methods: Total 100 women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia who were admitted in the labour room at the Vijayanagar institute of medical sciences, Ballari over a period ranging from April 2013 to September 2014 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this Open Label, prospective, randomized study. Patients were allocated into two groups; group A and group B and managed with Intravenous labetalol and oral nifedipine respectively after proper history, examination and investigations.Results: We found that less number of doses were required to achieve target blood pressure in labetalol group (2.4±0.99) compared to nifedipine group patients who required more number of doses. (2.56±0.84) Even with fixed dose regimen (VIMS Regimen) of labetalol, our study showed more rapid decrease in blood pressure to target level with labetalol group (36±14.85 min) compared to nifedipine group (68.1±27.64 min) which was statistically significant (p=0.000).Conclusions: The goal of treatment is to maintain BP at a level that minimizes maternal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. Labetalol is better than nifedipine in the management of hypertensive crisis in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia

Probiotic activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PIC-4) isolated from Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal, India, against Vibrio harveyi in Penaeus monodon

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PIC 4), isolated from coastal waters of Visakhapatnam (Gen Bank Accession no: KF803248) was tested for its antagonistic activity against Vibrio harveyi as probiotic in cultured Penaeus monodon. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PIC 4 has proved to be non-pathogenic to the shrimp by pathogenicity tests. Vibrio counts in probiotic fed shrimp and the surrounding water medium were significantly lower when compared to the control group of shrimp and water during 50 days of culture. Mean weight of probiont fed shrimps after 50 days of culture was (2.21 + 0.15 g) , significantly higher than that of normal diet fed ones (1.33+0.18 g). Survival percent was also significantly higher in probiont fed shrimp (47.33% + 5.55%) than that of the control diet fed shrimp (26.33% + 7%). Percent survival in probiotic fed and normal diet fed shrimp after the challenge with V. harveyi was 93.04 and 38.87 respectively

Loose shell syndrome (LSS) of cultured Penaeus monodon - microbiological and histopathological investigations

Investigations were undertaken on loose shell syndrome (LSS) of cultured Penaeus monodon during the period 2009 - 2010. The infected shrimps were collected from culture ponds of east and west Godavari districts in Andhra Pradesh, India and were subjected to microbiological and histopathological studies. Four species of Vibrio were isolated from the diseased shrimps and were identified as V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. metschnikovii and V. fluvialis based on morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. Histopathological studies revealed the presence of occlusion and inclusion bodies of monodon baculovirus (MBV), hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus (HPV), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in hepatopancreatic and gill tissues. All the LSS affected shrimps collected during the present study were found infected with V. harveyi and concurrent infections of other Vibrio species were observed in 40% of the samples. Prevalence of infection with WSSV, MBV and HPV was less compared to Vibrio infections. Granuloma formation was observed in the affected tissues due to bacterial invasions. Multiple viral infections in association with Vibrio sp. were also observed in 2% of LSS affected shrimp

Role of slow decompression, injection carbetocin and Samarth Ram cannula for preventing postpartum haemorrhage in a patient of acute severe polyhydramnios

We presented a case of a 30-year-old woman G3P1L1A1 who was diagnosed with severe polyhydramnios at 29 weeks of gestation. The patient was managed conservatively with amnioreduction. However, after one week of conservative management showed a further increase in the AFI (54-55 cm) with severe breathlessness and abdominal pain. A decision to terminate pregnancy was taken in view of failed conservative management. Emergency LSCS done under general anaesthesia. Amniotomy was done by slow uterine decompression. Simultaneously injection carbetocin 100 mcg IV bolus over 1 minute given. Postpartum haemorrhage was prevented by using Samarth Ram cannula. Further recovery was uneventful and patient discharged on day 3 of surgery

Histopathological and bacteriological studies of monodon slow growth syndrome (MSGS) affected shrimps

Shrimps affected by monodon slow growth syndrome (MSGS) were sampled from culture ponds in Amalapuram and Bhimavaram areas of Andhra Pradesh during 2005-2010 and subjected to bacteriological as well as histopathological investigations. Three species of Vibrios were identified in the bacterial isolates from haemolymph viz., V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis and V. harveyi. Histopathological studies revealed major changes in the hepatopancreas as well as gill tissue and the presence of monodon baculovirus (MBV), heptopancreatic parvo virus (HPV) and Infectious hypodermal and hepatopancreatic necrosis virus (IHHNV). Fifty percent of the MSGS affected shrimps showed single infections with MBV, 20% with HPV and 30% had dual infections of HPV and MB

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Not AvailablePseudomonas aeruginosa (PIC 4), isolated from coastal waters of Visakhapatnam (Gen Bank Accession no: KF803248) was tested for its antagonistic activity against Vibrio harveyi as probiotic in cultured Penaeus monodon. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PIC 4 has proved to be non-pathogenic to the shrimp by pathogenicity tests. Vibrio counts in probiotic fed shrimp and the surrounding water medium were significantly lower when compared to the control group of shrimp and water during 50 days of culture. Mean weight of probiont fed shrimps after 50 days of culture was (2.21 + 0.15 g) , significantly higher than that of normal diet fed ones (1.33+0.18 g). Survival percent was also significantly higher in probiont fed shrimp (47.33% + 5.55%) than that of the control diet fed shrimp (26.33% + 7%). Percent survival in probiotic fed and normal diet fed shrimp after the challenge with V. harveyi was 93.04 and 38.87 respectively.Not Availabl

Intractable vomiting and hiccups as the presenting symptom of neuromyelitis optica

Vomiting and hiccups can be due to peripheral or central causes. Neurological diseases causing vomiting and hiccups are due to lesions of medulla involving area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is one such disease which involves these structures. However refractory vomiting and hiccups as the presenting symptom of NMO is unusual. Here we report a patient with NMO in whom refractory vomiting and hiccups were the sole manifestation of the first attack. Diagnosis can be missed at this stage leading to delay in treatment and further complications. This case demonstrates the importance of considering NMO in any patient presenting with refractory vomiting and hiccups and with local and metabolic causes ruled out and linear medullary lesion on magnetic resonance imaging may indicate the diagnosis even when the classical clinical criteria are not met. Anti NMO antibody testing should be done and if positive appropriate treatment should be initiated to prevent further neurological damage