Engineering Eukaryotic-Like Protein Glycosylation In Escherichia Coli

N-linked glycosylation is a common protein post-translational modification where glycans are attached to asparagine residues located on a consensus sequence. Structure of these glycans varies widely among species, which is of particular importance given the role that glycans play on protein folding, functionality and recognition. Notably, glycans are often necessary to maintain stability and efficacy of therapeutic proteins in the human body. Production of therapeutic glycoproteins in Escherichia coli has the potential to become a flexible and relatively cheap alternative to current production systems, even though E. coli has no native protein glycosylation machinery. Recently, the glycosylation machinery from Campylobacter jejuni, a gram negative bacterium, was transferred to E. coli, making protein glycosylation possible for the first time in this host. Unfortunately glycans synthesized by C. jejuni, and bacteria in general, are not appropriate for use in human therapeutics, hence engineering the synthesis of human-like glycans in E. coli becomes necessary. This study is focused on recombinant expression and engineering of eukaryotic glycosyltransferases to enable E. coli to synthesize eukaryotic-like glycans suitable for in vivo production of therapeutic glycoproteins. Initially, we expressed glycosyltransferases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Alg13, Alg14, Alg1 and Alg2) for the synthesis of a core glycan structure (trimannose core) common to many human glycans. Later, the work was ori- ented towards the extension of this trimannose core for production of authentic human-like glycans and improvement of the current system using directed evolution of glycosyltransferases. In the future, we expect to be able to produce glycosylated proteins in vivo, displaying fully sialylated human-like glycans

Design of a low budget lab-scale UASB reactor for research and teaching in low income laboratories

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors are most widely implemented setup for anaerobic treatment of wastewaters with a high organic load. Even though these are very efficient systems and methane production from organic waste makes them energetically attractive, its implementation in developing countries is still hampered not just because of financial reasons, but because of its relatively difficult operation. For this reason, it is crucial to maintain a number of installed lab-scale UASB reactors for training of technicians and professionals. Unfortunately, the installation costs might be prohibitive for low income laboratories. As scientific literature usually focuses on results obtained using UASB reactors, but rarely focuses on construction details, here we present a detailed description of the building of a low budget UASB reactor for research and instruction in the Antonio Nariño University environmental engineering labs

Importancia del regente de farmacia en la implementación del programa de farmacovigilancia en establecimientos independientes

Autoria propia.El presente proyecto busca establecer la importancia del regente de farmacia en la implementación del programa de farmacovigilancia del establecimiento naturista y homeopático independiente “Distri Naturals Diaz” en Pitalito Huila; el cual es regulado por el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos Invima. Su justificación se basa en la importancia de implementar actividades relacionadas con la detección, evaluación, entendimiento y prevención de los eventos adversos o cualquier otro problema relacionado con medicamentos en los establecimientos independientes, ligadas a las orientaciones de Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), al igual que la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) así como la normatividad legal y vigente colombiana Se realiza el soporte teórico, contextual y legal desde la función objetiva de la farmacovigilancia abordando aspectos relacionados con las actividades de análisis y gestión de riesgos para la salud pública, permitiendo identificar, cuantificar y evaluar los riesgos asociados con el uso de medicamentos permite a los pacientes tomar las medidas necesarias para prevenir o reducir el daño y, cuando sea necesario, implementar medidas regulatorias o de mitigación. Por ende, se planteó de manera metodológica la aplicación de una encuesta direccionada de manera cualitativa descriptiva a usuarios y trabajadores, obteniendo como discusión y recomendación la responsabilidad ética y social en la identificación de riesgos, promoción de medidas preventivas y contribución a la mejora de la salud pública por parte del establecimiento independiente sujeta del presente estudio.This project seeks to establish the importance of the pharmacy manager in the implementation of the pharmacovigilance program of the independent naturopathic and homeopathic establishment “Distri Naturals Diaz” in Pitalito Huila; which is regulated by the National Institute for Drug Surveillance Invima. Its justification is based on the importance of implementing activities related to the detection, evaluation, understanding and prevention of adverse events or any other problem related to medications in independent establishments, linked to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as well as the Colombian legal and current regulations. Theoretical, contextual and legal support is provided from the objective function of pharmacovigilance, addressing aspects related to the analysis and risk management activities for public health, allowing the identification, quantification and evaluation of the risks associated with the use of medicines. Patients take necessary measures to prevent or reduce harm and, where necessary, implement regulatory or mitigation measures. Therefore, the application of a qualitatively descriptive survey to users and workers was proposed in a methodological manner, obtaining as a discussion and recommendation the ethical and social responsibility in the identification of risks, promotion of preventive measures and contribution to the improvement of the public health by the independent establishment subject of this study

Importancia del regente de farmacia en la implementacion del programa de farmacovigilancia en establecimeintos independientes

Autoria propia.El presente proyecto busca establecer la importancia del regente de farmacia en la implementación del programa de farmacovigilancia del establecimiento naturista y homeopático independiente “Distri Naturals Diaz” en Pitalito Huila; el cual es regulado por el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos Invima. Su justificación se basa en la importancia de implementar actividades relacionadas con la detección, evaluación, entendimiento y prevención de los eventos adversos o cualquier otro problema relacionado con medicamentos en los establecimientos independientes, ligadas a las orientaciones de Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), al igual que la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) así como la normatividad legal y vigente colombiana Se realiza el soporte teórico, contextual y legal desde la función objetiva de la farmacovigilancia abordando aspectos relacionados con las actividades de análisis y gestión de riesgos para la salud pública, permitiendo identificar, cuantificar y evaluar los riesgos asociados con el uso de medicamentos permite a los pacientes tomar las medidas necesarias para prevenir o reducir el daño y, cuando sea necesario, implementar medidas regulatorias o de mitigación. Por ende, se planteó de manera metodológica la aplicación de una encuesta direccionada de manera cualitativa descriptiva a usuarios y trabajadores, obteniendo como discusión y recomendación la responsabilidad ética y social en la identificación de riesgos, promoción de medidas preventivas y contribución a la mejora de la salud pública por parte del establecimiento independiente sujeta del presente estudio.This project seeks to establish the importance of the pharmacy manager in the implementation of the pharmacovigilance program of the independent naturopathic and homeopathic establishment “Distri Naturals Diaz” in Pitalito Huila; which is regulated by the National Institute for Drug Surveillance Invima. Its justification is based on the importance of implementing activities related to the detection, evaluation, understanding and prevention of adverse events or any other problem related to medications in independent establishments, linked to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as well as the Colombian legal and current regulations. Theoretical, contextual and legal support is provided from the objective function of pharmacovigilance, addressing aspects related to the analysis and risk management activities for public health, allowing the identification, quantification and evaluation of the risks associated with the use of medicines. Patients take necessary measures to prevent or reduce harm and, where necessary, implement regulatory or mitigation measures. Therefore, the application of a qualitatively descriptive survey to users and workers was proposed in a methodological manner, obtaining as a discussion and recommendation the ethical and social responsibility in the identification of risks, promotion of preventive measures and contribution to the improvement of the public health by the independent establishment subject of this study

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN