Microbiota of the upper respiratory tract in children with chronic adenoiditis

Background. Routine application of the GC-MS method to assess the URT microbiota can potentially improve the efficacy and safety of treatment for chronic respiratory diseases. Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of the microbiota from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsil, from the deep parts of the nose, and saliva in children with chronic adenoiditis. Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients with chronic adenoiditis (CA) and/or pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy (PTH). All study participants had swabs taken from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsil, from the deep parts of the nasal cavity, and saliva as a biological fluid of the oral cavity. Microorganisms were identified by specific fatty acids using GC-MS to assess the composition of the microbial community on the surface of the pharyngeal tonsil. Results. The study showed that the microbiota of the nasopharynx is identical in its qualitative composition to microorganisms from the deep parts of the nose. However, according to the results of the analysis of microbial markers of saliva, the oral microbiota showed significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms compared with the nasopharyngeal microbiota. Conclusion. The introduction of the GC-MS method for assessing the URT microbiota enables its monitoring in clinical practice for the treatment of chronic respiratory system diseases without disturbing the ecology of the mucous membranes and the whole body

Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Adenoiditis

The aim of our research was to study the multiphase response in a system of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines due to the additive contribution of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for the polymorphic allelic variants of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) genes in patients with chronic adenoiditis (CA). Materials and Methods: The study included 388 children with CA. Associations between the IL1B gene (rs1143634) (C+3954T) SNP and the IL-4 gene (rs2243250) (C-589T) SNP and the clinical manifestations and clinical outcome of CA were investigated. Genotyping for the studied SNPs was performed using real-time PCR. The study of genotype-associated cytokine production in accordance with the level of concentration of IL-1β, IL-4 in blood serum with the method of solidphase EIA using horseradish peroxidase as an indicating enzyme was carried out. Results: The presence of homozygous or heterozygous genotypes of the studied SNPs of the IL-1β and IL-4 genes was characterized with genetically determined cytokine-production forming the phenotypical polymorphism. The conducted research into congenital immunity factors with an assessment of genetically determined cytokine production has revealed 5 options of the cytokine response and their corresponding frequencies. We extrapolated the results on clinical and functional outcomes of chronic adenoiditis, which allowed us to identify non-randomness in the nature of chronic adenoiditis as a multifactorial disease. Conclusion: The obtained data are evidence of the phenotypic-genetic heterogeneity of CA

Site-specific O-glycosylation of members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily enhances ligand interactions

15 pags, 8 figs, 1 tab. -- This article contains supplementary material (Table S1, Figs. S1–S4, and Data Sets S1–S4.1)The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and related receptors are important for the transport of diverse biomolecules across cell membranes and barriers. Their functions are especially relevant for cholesterol homeostasis and diseases, including neurodegenerative and kidney disorders. Members of the LDLR-related protein family share LDLR class A (LA) repeats providing binding properties for lipoproteins and other biomolecules. We previously demonstrated that short linker regions between these LA repeats contain conserved O-glycan sites. Moreover, we found that O-glycan modifications at these sites are selectively controlled by the GalNAc-transferase isoform, GalNAc-T11. However, the effects of GalNAc-T11–mediated O-glycosylation on LDLR and related receptor localization and function are unknown. Here, we characterized O-glycosylation of LDLR-related proteins and identified conserved O-glycosylation sites in the LA linker regions of VLDLR, LRP1, and LRP2 (Megalin) from both cell lines and rat organs. Using a panel of gene-edited isogenic cell line models, we demonstrate that GalNAc-T11–mediated LDLR and VLDLR O-glycosylation is not required for transport and cell-surface expression and stability of these receptors but markedly enhances LDL and VLDL binding and uptake. Direct ELISA-based binding assays with truncated LDLR constructs revealed that O-glycosylation increased affinity for LDL by 5-fold. The molecular basis for this observation is currently unknown, but these findings open up new avenues for exploring the roles of LDLR-related proteins in disease.This work was supported by the Læge Sofus Carl Emil Friis og hustru Olga Doris Friis’ Legat, the Kirsten og Freddy Johansen Fonden, the Lundbeck Foundation, the A.P. Møller og Hustru Chastine Mc-Kinney Møllers Fond til Almene Formaal, the Mizutani Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Danish Research Council Sapere Aude Research Talent Grant (to K. T. S.), and the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF107). The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this articl

Precision mapping of the human O-GalNAc glycoproteome through SimpleCell technology

Glycosylation is the most abundant and diverse posttranslational modification of proteins. While several types of glycosylation can be predicted by the protein sequence context, and substantial knowledge of these glycoproteomes is available, our knowledge of the GalNAc-type O-glycosylation is highly limited. This type of glycosylation is unique in being regulated by 20 polypeptide GalNAc-transferases attaching the initiating GalNAc monosaccharides to Ser and Thr (and likely some Tyr) residues. We have developed a genetic engineering approach using human cell lines to simplify O-glycosylation (SimpleCells) that enables proteome-wide discovery of O-glycan sites using 'bottom-up' ETD-based mass spectrometric analysis. We implemented this on 12 human cell lines from different organs, and present a first map of the human O-glycoproteome with almost 3000 glycosites in over 600 O-glycoproteins as well as an improved NetOGlyc4.0 model for prediction of O-glycosylation. The finding of unique subsets of O-glycoproteins in each cell line provides evidence that the O-glycoproteome is differentially regulated and dynamic. The greatly expanded view of the O-glycoproteome should facilitate the exploration of how site-specific O-glycosylation regulates protein function

Увлечение современных школьников наушниками. Каковы последствия?

The paper focuses on the identification of factors affecting the manifestation of hearing loss among schoolchildren. These are the state of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, their age, anxiety and stress, amount of time spent on watching TV aday (listening to loud music and using head/ earphones). Using mathematical method of correlation adaptometry the authors revealed the significant correlations between the detected peculiarities of hearing loss pathology among schoolchildren (form and severity of hearing loss) and their age, somatic and neurological status, as well as the degree of psychic and emotional stress. The data may be useful for psychologists, otorhinolaryngologists, audiologists, pediatriciansСтатья посвящена исследованию выявления факторов, влияющих на проявление тугоухости среди школьников: состояние слизистой оболочки верхних дыхательных путей, возраст, беспокойство и стресс, количество часов просмотра телевизора в день (прослушивание громкой музыки и использование наушников). С помощью математического метода корреляционной адаптометрии выявлено наличие достоверной корреляционной связи между обнаруженными особенностями патологии органа слуха среди школьников (форма, стадия тугоухости) и возрастом школьников, соматическим статусом, неврологическим статусом, а также степенью психоэмоциональных нагрузок. Сведения могут быть полезны для психологов, оториноларингологов, сурдологов, педиатро

Аллергическая риносинусопатия и ее этнические особенности среди населения Восточной Сибири

The work is devoted to research of the ethnic characteristics of allergic rhinosinusopathy spread among the population in Evenkia, as well as to clarification of its pathogenetic mechanisms. The author studied the spread and structure of allergic rhinosinusopathy among Caucasians and Mongoloids in Evenkia. Using mathematical method of correlation adaptometry the author revealed the presence of significant correlations between the detected characteristicsСтатья посвящена исследованию этнических особенностей заболеваемости аллергической риносинусопатией населения Эвенкии, а также уточнению ее патогенетических механизмов. Исследована распространенность и структура аллергической риносинусопатии среди европеоидов и монголоидов Эвенкии. С помощью математического метода корреляционной адаптометрии выявлено наличие достоверной корреляционной связи между обнаруженными особенностям

Увлечение современных школьников наушниками. Каковы последствия?

The paper focuses on the identification of factors affecting the manifestation of hearing loss among schoolchildren. These are the state of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, their age, anxiety and stress, amount of time spent on watching TV aday (listening to loud music and using head/ earphones). Using mathematical method of correlation adaptometry the authors revealed the significant correlations between the detected peculiarities of hearing loss pathology among schoolchildren (form and severity of hearing loss) and their age, somatic and neurological status, as well as the degree of psychic and emotional stress. The data may be useful for psychologists, otorhinolaryngologists, audiologists, pediatriciansСтатья посвящена исследованию выявления факторов, влияющих на проявление тугоухости среди школьников: состояние слизистой оболочки верхних дыхательных путей, возраст, беспокойство и стресс, количество часов просмотра телевизора в день (прослушивание громкой музыки и использование наушников). С помощью математического метода корреляционной адаптометрии выявлено наличие достоверной корреляционной связи между обнаруженными особенностями патологии органа слуха среди школьников (форма, стадия тугоухости) и возрастом школьников, соматическим статусом, неврологическим статусом, а также степенью психоэмоциональных нагрузок. Сведения могут быть полезны для психологов, оториноларингологов, сурдологов, педиатро

An analysis of the phonon dispersion curves of lead hafnate in the cubic phase using lattice-dynamical models

We have analyzed the phonon dispersion curves in the paraelectric phase of a lead hafnate crystal (PbHfO3) by means of two different lattice-dynamical models. Both the rigid-ion model and the shell one provided an acceptable description of the available experimental data. The atomic displacement patterns were qualitatively different for the two models. In the rigid-ion model the motion in the characteristic low-energy flattened transverse acoustic branch contained both lead and hafnium displacements, while for the shell model it corresponded mainly to lead displacements with the small contribution of oxygen displacements. The shell model allows simultaneous description of the phonon dispersion curves and the correct value of the dielectric constant

Аллергическая риносинусопатия и ее этнические особенности среди населения Восточной Сибири

The work is devoted to research of the ethnic characteristics of allergic rhinosinusopathy spread among the population in Evenkia, as well as to clarification of its pathogenetic mechanisms. The author studied the spread and structure of allergic rhinosinusopathy among Caucasians and Mongoloids in Evenkia. Using mathematical method of correlation adaptometry the author revealed the presence of significant correlations between the detected characteristicsСтатья посвящена исследованию этнических особенностей заболеваемости аллергической риносинусопатией населения Эвенкии, а также уточнению ее патогенетических механизмов. Исследована распространенность и структура аллергической риносинусопатии среди европеоидов и монголоидов Эвенкии. С помощью математического метода корреляционной адаптометрии выявлено наличие достоверной корреляционной связи между обнаруженными особенностям