Compensatory growth response of sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) to starvation and refeeding

Compensatory growth response and body composition of male sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna subjected to short-term starvation and subsequent feeding were studied for 54 days. Four feeding schedules were used in this study: C, Control (were fed to apparent satiation throughout the experiment); T1, Treatment 1 (3 days Starvation and 6 days refeeding); T2, Treatment 2 (6 days Starvation and 12 days refeeding); T3, Treatment 3 (9 days Starvation and 18 days refeeding). At the end of the experiment, the starved fish gained a body weight comparable to that of the control fish. There were no differences in condition factor, specific growth rate and weight gain between the starved and control fish at the end of the experiment. Daily feed intake was significantly higher in T3 than that in the control. Short-term starvation did not influence protein, lipid and ash contents. Moisture content of T2 and T3 fish were significantly higher than those of T1 and control fish. The results indicated that complete compensation occurred in the starved fish and that this species can tolerate to short term starvation without any significant effects on growth and feeding performance

Studying the Relationship between Lack of Job Promotion and Career Plateau of Staff: A Case Study in Well Being Office of Kerman

Behavior of staff in an office or organization can be affected by their job attitudes. Therefore, it is necessary that managers be aware of them. The present research aims to study the effect of lack of job promotion of well-being staff of Kerman on their job motivations. The method used in this research is descriptive survey. Statistical population of the research is 80 persons including official, contractual staff in well-being of Kerman city. The present research is correlative and data and information were gathered by field researches (questionnaire) with complete census sampling. Results show that staff under the consideration are exposed to lack of job motivation due to their type of job so that managers require identifying this issue accurately. Also, results indicated that if staff have positive attitudes towards their jobs, they will expose to fewer plateaus. As a result, managers of well-being organization should try to increases positive attitudes of the staff

Muscle Recovery Is Highlighted by IR Laser Therapy

Introduction:In sports medicine, laser application has been well-established for the recovery of muscles. The mechanisms by which benefits of this kind of therapy can be studied is molecular research approach. Protein-protein interaction network analysis as one of the important complementary studies of proteomics can accelerate this goal by the identification of novel contributing markers.Methods:By the use of Cytoscape V3.7.1 and its applications, a network of differential expressed proteins (DEPs) from IR laser treatment samples were constructed and analyzed. Six hub-bottlenecks were determined, 4 of which were from differentially expressed proteins.Results:ClueGO discovered 4 biological processes related to these hub-bottlenecks that their function could alter due to IR laser therapy.Conclusion:In fact, by the expression changes of hub-bottlenecks including the up-regulation of HSP90s, one of the prominent biological processes in muscle recovery could be activated. This process is called nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation that could be proposed as one of the underlying mechanisms of IR laser treatments in muscle recovery.

Larval rearing and ontogeny of digestive enzyme activities in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus, Houttuyn 1782)

The present research was conducted to provide insight into digestive larval capacity in Acanthopagrus latus larvae from hatching up to 30 days after hatching (DAH). Newly hatched larvae were stocked into six 300-L cylindrical polyethylene tanks at a density of larvae 50 larvae/L and reared by means of the green water system using Nannochloropsis oculata (0.5 × 106/mL). After mouth opening, larvae were fed with rotifers (5–16 individual/mL) from 2 to 20 DAH; then, Artemia nauplii (0.5–3.0 individuals/mL) were offered to larvae from 18 to 30 DAH, meanwhile a commercial microdiet was offered to larvae from 25 to 30 DAH. Larval performance in terms of growth and survival, and the assessment of the activity of selected digestive enzymes ontogeny of digestive enzymes activities was evaluated in larvae sampled at 0 (hatching), 7, 15, 22 and 30 DAH. Larvae showed an exponential growth characterized by two different growth stanzas, a first one characterized by slow growth rates comprised between hatching to 15 DAH (4.7 ± 0.2 mm), followed by a period of faster growth rates between 16 and 30 DAH (7.5 ± 0.6 mm). The activities of the brush border (alkaline phosphatase, ALP) and cytosolic (leucine-alanine peptidase, LAP) enzymes, as well as those of the pancreatic ones like total alkaline proteases, bile salt-activated lipase and α-amylase were detected from the mouth opening stage. Total activities of pancreatic and gastric enzymes increased with larval growth showing an enhancement of digestive capacities with larval age and size. The intestinal maturation in A. latus as assessed by the ratio of AP to LAP did not occur as expected by end of the first month of life suggesting the complete establishment of digestive luminal processes may take place at older ages. This study related to the growth patterns and ontogenic changes in activity of pancreatic, gastric and intestinal enzymes in A. latus and their nutritional regulation may be considered as the first step for improving the larviculture, as well as assessing and refining the nutritional requirements during the larval and early juvenile stages of this sparid species.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The Assessment of Apoptosis during Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation towards the Primordial Germ Cells in Alginate Microspheres

Introduction: Previous studies have shown the differentiation of Primordial germ cells (PGCs) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, some PGCs die during the differentiation. Alginate biopolymers have shown to closely mimic an in vivo environment and they are suitable for stem cells viability. The aim of the present study was to asses ESCs apoptosis during differentiation into PGCs in alginate microspheres. Materials and Methods: Mouse ESCs were cultured in ESCs medium, alginate biopolymer and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) were utilized as a differentiation factor. The expression of genes B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), BCL2 Associated X Protein (BAX), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), and VASA as a specific gene for PGCs, were analyzed in the time of differentiation. Results: Expression of apoptosis gene, BAX, in cells entrapped in alginate microspheres; in addition, they were significantly down-regulated and expression of anti-apoptosis gene, Bcl2, was not up-regulated in the entire groups. VASA gene expression was significantly up-regulated in alginate groups. The highest ratio of cells differentiated to putative PGCs belonged to the cells in alginate group without BMP4; based on the analysis of the flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry staining as well demonstrated differentiation in these cells. Conclusion: It was magnificently attained that down-regulation of apoptosis gene and up-regulation of differentiation gene in alginate beads revealed the survival ability of the putative PGCs in alginate compare to ESCs medium. It was obtained that the improvement of alginate microspheres could assist ESCs differentiation towards the putative PGCs

Compensatory growth response of sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) to starvation and refeeding

Compensatory growth response and body composition of male sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna subjected to short-term starvation and subsequent feeding were studied for 54 days. Four feeding schedules were used in this study: C, Control (were fed to apparent satiation throughout the experiment); T1, Treatment 1 (3 days Starvation and 6 days refeeding); T2, Treatment 2 (6 days Starvation and 12 days refeeding); T3, Treatment 3 (9 days Starvation and 18 days refeeding). At the end of the experiment, the starved fish gained a body weight comparable to that of the control fish. There were no differences in condition factor, specific growth rate and weight gain between the starved and control fish at the end of the experiment. Daily feed intake was significantly higher in T3 than that in the control. Short-term starvation did not influence protein, lipid and ash contents. Moisture content of T2 and T3 fish were significantly higher than those of T1 and control fish. The results indicated that complete compensation occurred in the starved fish and that this species can tolerate to short term starvation without any significant effects on growth and feeding performance

Weaning strategies affect larval performance in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)

A 30-day study was carried out to determine the influence of different weaning strategies (WS) on growth and survival rates, stress resistance, digestive enzyme activities and whole body fatty acid profiles in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) larvae. Thus, eight WS were designed by combining live foods (LF) (rotifers and Artemia) and a microdiet (MD) (Gemma Micro™, Skretting). In the control group (100 LF), larvae were fed only LF (100%), including enriched rotifers (from 2 to 20 days post hatching, dph) and Artemia (nauplii + enriched metanauplii, from 18 to 30 dph). The other treatments were based on different proportions of LF with the MD: 75LF-25MD, 50LF-50MD, 25LF-75MD and 100 MD in which 25, 50, 75 and 100% of LF that applied in the control group were replaced with a fixed ration of MD, respectively. In addition, for determining the appropriate time of weaning, three WS were applied including: sudden weaning (SW): larvae were weaned on to MD with only rotifer from 2 to 5 days post hatch (dph); early weaning (EW): larvae were weaned on to MD with only rotifer from 2 to 14 dah and late weaning (LW): larvae were weaned on to MD with rotifer (from 2 to 14 dph) and Artemia nauplii (from 12 to 20 dph). Larvae were hand-fed with the MD hourly from 08:00 h to 18:00 h (11 times a day). Results showed that the lowest survival rates were found among larvae from 100MD (1.5%) and SW (1.9%) groups, whereas the highest survival rates were found in larvae from 100LF (31.0 ± 1.7%), 75LF-25MD (34.7 ± 4.5%) and 50LF-50MD (36.2 ± 4.0%). Larvae from the 50LF-50MD group showed the highest resistance against air exposure (70.0%) and osmotic stress (100.0%) challenges. At the end of the trial, larvae from 100LF, 75LF-25MD, 50LF-50MD and LW groups showed higher growth performance than the other groups. At 30 dph, larvae from the LW group had the highest level of alkaline phosphatase to leucine-alanine peptidase ratio, while those from the 100MD, SW and EW treatments showed the lowest ones. The fatty acid profile of larvae reflected that of the diet. In particular, larvae from 100MD and SW groups had generally lower levels of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, results of the present study indicated the time of weaning and proportion of LF and MD remarkably affect larvae performance in terms of growth, survival, digestive function and stress tolerance. In addition, the replacement of LF with MD up to 50% after mouth opening of larvae neither have detrimental effects on growth, survival and digestive enzymes activities, meanwhile enhanced stress resistance of A. latus larvae.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Introducing Transthyretin as a Differentially Expressed Protein in Washing Subtype of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as one of the important mental problems is valuable topic for proteomic research studies to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this disorder. Methods: In this paper, gel-based proteomic was used to investigate the proteome profile of 16 female patients with OCD, washing subtype before and after treatment with fluoxetine and comparing them with 20 healthy female controls. Results: One of the abnormally expressed protein spots in this study was introduced and examined for protein-protein interaction network analysis via Cytoscape and its plug-ins. Transthyretin (TTR) protein showed significant expression changes (fold change=1.7, P<0.05). While the expression level of TTR is significantly decreased in OCD patients before any treatments, the trend is partially normalized after treatment with fluoxetine in positive responders. Furthermore, TTR interaction profile shows that the proteins interacting with this protein may get affected as this protein expression trend changes in OCD patients. Conclusion: TTR can be considered for further studies to be validated as a potential biomarker for OCD