DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMBEDDED MEDIA PLAYER BASED ON S3C2440

This project proposes a method of understanding and implementing a light weighted media player using SDL based FFMPEG media player library on a SOC based board running on ARM9 hardware with LINUX as the target OS i.e., S3C2440 (also called as mini 2440) as core processor and select 1GB NandFlash as external memory. At the same time SD and USB interface are used for extending the storage. The most notable parts of FFMPEG are libavcodec, an audio/video codec, libavformat, an audio/video container mux and demux library, and the ffmpeg command line program for encoding and decoding multimedia files. In the software, initially the configured and optimized Linux operating system is transplanted to S3C2440, SDL library functions are used to design the player’s interface and use SDL_FFMPEG library to decode the video files. The proposed media player is reduced in the memory size to work for specific usage for given file formats and on predefined platform. Expected play effect of video and picture files can be achieved after software and hardware debugging. Results shows that this system has a lot of advantages of simple structure, small size, low power consumption, low cost and stable

Dimensionality Reduction Using Band Selection Technique for Kernel Based Hyperspectral Image Classification

AbstractHyperspectral images have abundant of information stored in the various spectral bands ranging from visible to infrared region in the electromagnetic spectrum. High data volume of these images have to be reduced, preserving the original information, to ensure efficient processing. In this paper, dimensionality reduction is done on Indian Pines and Salinas-A datasets using inter band block correlation coefficient technique followed by Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and QR decomposition. The dimensionally reduced images are classified using GURLS and LibSVM. Classification accuracies of the original image is compared to that of the dimensionally reduced image. The experimental analysis shows that, for 10% training sample the overall accuracy, average accuracy and kappa coefficient of the dimensionally reduced image (about 50% of the dimension is reduced) is i)83.52%, 77.18%, 0.8110 for Indian Pines and ii)99.53%, 99.40%, 0.9941 for Salinas-A dataset which is comparable to that of original image i)84.67%, 82.28%, 0.8247 for Indian Pines and ii)99.32%, 99.18%, 0.9916 for Salinas-A dataset

Implications and Types of Artefacts in Oral Histopathology Tissue Processing

There is a scarcity of information regarding the occurrence and appearance of artefacts in the literature studies observed till date. This study aims to provide a more a comprehensive approach on identifying the different types of artefacts and also attempts to provide with description regarding their relation to the parent slide and the remedies in order to prevent misinterpretation. This study aimed to prepare a comprehensive report of the commonly occurring artefacts in archival collection of pathology laboratory

Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Opioid Addiction: Potential Applications

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer membranous vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication via their secretion. EVs contain a variety of cargoes that reflect the intracellular environment of their host cells, and these cargoes can induce functional changes in recipient cells. A wide body of previous research has demonstrated that EVs play a role in a diverse range of disease pathologies as well as regular function and have emerged as promising vehicles for therapeutics and drug-delivery systems. Unsurprisingly, some work has recently been published implicating EVs in drug addiction pathways and therapeutics. Given the pressing scope of the opioid misuse and abuse in the U.S., it is necessary to consider the role of EVs in the development of opioid dependence and tolerance, as well as their role in potential therapeutics. The current review seeks to identify work investigating the role of EVs in opioid addiction and identify gaps and future directions in the literature.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/surp2020/1024/thumbnail.jp

DETECTION OF PHISHING WEBSITES USING HYBRID MODEL

Online technologies have revolutionized the modern computing world. Thereare number of users who purchase products online and make payment through variouswebsites. There are multiple websites who ask user to provide sensitive data such asusername, password or credit card details etc. often for malicious reasons. This type ofwebsite is known as phishing website. The phishing website can be detected based on someimportant characteristics like URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and Domain identity.Several approaches have been proposed for detection of phishing websites by extracting thephishing data sets criteria to classify their legitimacy. However, there is no such approachthat can provide better results to the users from phishing attacks. This paper is an attemptto contribute in that area by presenting a hybrid model for classification to detect phishingwebsites with high accuracy and less error rate

Therapeutic Potential of Suvorexant on Intergenerational Maternal Oxycodone Exposure

Background: Maternal opioid misuse is a rising public health concern. Our lab previously published findings that in-utero oxycodone exposure (IUO) has detrimental impacts that persist to the F2 generation, including abnormal genetic expression, increased anxiety, and a difference in phenotypic measurements. The estimated cost of hospital admissions for infants suffering from Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome was $316 million in 2012 and is still rising. This figure does not take into account long-term costs, nor does it consider lasting effects on the F2 generation. Thus, it is critical to find a way to mitigate the negative impacts of IUO. Suvorexant (suvo) is a dual hypocretin receptor antagonist that is FDA-approved for the treatment of insomnia. The hypocretin system is involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, feeding behavior, and notably, addiction. Our previous findings showed that Hcrtr1 is upregulated in both F1 and F2 IUO offspring. This project will test the therapeutic potential of suvorexant to attenuate the impacts of IUO. Hypothesis: The administration of suvorexant on F1 animals that have been subjected to IUO will result in the alleviation of developmental impairments in the F2 generation. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats in the F0 generation were orally gavaged with 15mg/kg oxycodone or equal volumes of saline. Dosing was maintained from mating until weaning at post-natal day 21 (P21). F1 animals were given ascending doses of suvorexant (3mg/kg P3-P6, 10mg/kg P7-P10, 30mg/kg P11-P21) or an equal volume of DMSO through subcutaneous injection. At P60, 2 females from each condition were mated with naïve breeders. Phenotypic measurements of the F2 generation including weight, head size circumference, and body length were taken at P3 and P14. At P21, 6-8 animals were sacrificed, and organs were collected. Social preference/novelty tests were conducted at P28 and P45. The next phase of this study will consist of molecular assays, imaging, and further behavior testing including an oxycodone self-administration study. Results: Our preliminary results showed that F2 IUO-Suvo animals exhibited significant differences in body weight, body length, and head size circumference at P7 and P14 compared to the control. Furthermore, in the social preference test, the IUO-Suvo animals had significantly more entries into both the toy and naïve chambers at P45, as well as significantly more contacts with both the toy and naïve animal at P28. Conclusions: Administering suvorexant in the F1 generation may mitigate physical and behavioral deficits in the F2 generation caused by intergenerational IUO.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/chri_forum/1066/thumbnail.jp

MicroRNA-142 reduces monoamine oxidase A expression and activity in neuronal cells by downregulating SIRT1

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. In HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), miR-142 was found to be upregulated in neurons and myeloid cells in the brain. We investigated the downstream effects of chronic miR-142 upregulation in neuronal cells by comparing gene expression in stable clones of the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)M17 expressing miR-142 to controls. Microarray analysis revealed that miR-142 expression led to a reduction in monoamine oxidase (MAO) A mRNA, which was validated by qRT-PCR. In addition to the mRNA, the MAOA protein level and enzyme activity were also reduced. Examination of primary human neurons revealed that miR-142 expression indeed resulted in a downregulation of MAOA protein level. Although MAOA is not a direct target of miR-142, SIRT1, a key transcriptional upregulator of MAOA is, thus miR-142 downregulation of MAOA expression is indirect. MiR-142 induced decrease in MAOA expression and activity may contribute to the changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission reported in HAND

Combined fluorescent in situ hybridization for detection of microRNAs and immunofluorescent labeling for cell-type markers

Identification of the cell type of origin for normal or aberrant gene expression is critical for many studies, and poses a significant problem for some regulatory RNAs such as microRNAs. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate cellular function by targeting specific mRNAs and reducing the level of their protein product. Aberrant expression of miRNAs in cell-types where they are not normally expressed occurs in several disease conditions. Therefore, it is important to determine not only the expression level of microRNAs, but also where they are expressed. Here we describe a detailed method for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with immunofluorescent labeling for cell-type markers in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) sections along with modifications required to adapt the protocol for primary neurons grown in culture. We have combined the specificity and stability of locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes with tyramide signal amplification. To prevent loss of small RNA species, we performed post-fixation with ethylcarbodiimide (EDC). Additionally by omitting protease digestion and using only high temperature with sodium citrate buffer for FFPE sections, we were able to perform immunolabeling for proteins concurrently with in situ hybridization without compromising efficacy of either procedure