A comparative study on the effects of a pesticide (cypermethrin) and two metals (copper, lead) to serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

The present study was designed to compare the responses in freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to a synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin (CYP); an essential metal, copper (Cu); and a nonessential metal, lead (Pb). Fish were exposed to 0.05 μg/l CYP, 0.05 mg/l Cu, and 0.05 mg/l Pb for 4 and 21 days, and the alterations in serum enzyme activities, metabolite, and ion levels were determined. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased in response to CYP, Cu, and Pb exposures at both exposure periods. While elevations in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and in cholesterol level were observed in pesticide-exposed fish at 4 and 21 days, they increased in Cu- and Pb-exposed fish at 21 days. Although metal-exposed fish showed increases in cortisol and glucose levels at 4 days followed by a return to control levels at the end of the exposure period, their levels elevated in pesticide-exposed fish at both exposure periods. Total protein levels decreased in Pb- and pesticide-exposed fish at 21 days. Na+ and Cl− levels decreased in pesticide-exposed fish at both exposure periods and in Cu- and Pb-exposed fish at 21 days. The exposures of pesticide and metals caused an elevation in K+ level at the end of the exposure period. The present study showed that observed alterations in all serum biochemical parameters of fish-treated pesticide were higher than those in fish exposed to metals

Description of a new species of genus Gobio from Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Gobio sakaryaensis, a new species from the Tozman and the Porsuk streams of the Sakarya River drainage (northwestern Anatolia, Black Sea basin), is described. The species is distinguished from other gudgeons by a combination of the fol-lowing characters: breast completely scaled, scales approximately extending to isthmus; head length 27.2-30.0 % SL; 39-42 lateral line scales; 4-6 scales between anus and anal-fin origin; 6-8 scales between posterior extremity of pelvic-fin bases and anus. A key is provided for Gobio and Romanogobio species recorded from Turkey. Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press

Synthesis and structure of some azo coupled cyclic beta-enaminones

The reaction of 3-phenylaminocyclopent-2-en-l-one with 4-methyl, 4-methoxy and 4-chlorobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates was used to prepare the azo coupling products 3a-c. It was found that these compounds are present in both CDCl3 Solution and solid phase practically exclusively as (E)-3-phenylamino-2-(4-subst.phenyldiazenyl)cyclopent-2-en-l-ones with N-H...N intramolecular hydrogen bond. The substitution of the phenyl residue of the diazonium salt has no effect on the position of the tautomeric equilibrium. On the other hand, the compounds 4a, b formed by the reaction of 3-phenylamino-1H-inden-1-one with 4-methylbenzene- or benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates exist in CDCl3 solution and in solid phase as hydrazone compounds. In the solution they occur as a mixture of three forms, out of which two were identified as E/Z isomers with different types of hydrogen bonds. Compound 5 formed by the reaction of 3-amino-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one with 4-methoxybenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate is converted into a stable hydrochloride 15 center dot HCl on standing in CHCl3 solution; this product exhibits a high degree of delocalization of the positive charge. Its structure was studied by means of X-ray

Blood chemistry and histological properties of wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the North Adriatic Sea

Histological and biochemical properties were employed to study liver histomorphology, plasma aspartate and alaine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), glucose (GLU) and total protein (TP) plasma levels of cultured (CSB) and wild sea bass (WSB) (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the notrhern part of the Adriatic Sea. Histopathological changes of livers included varying degrees of infiltration and lipid degeneration of hepatocytes in examined cultured fish. No significant differences between AST median values of CSB (44 IU) and WSB (45 IU) were observed. Values of ALT were <5 IU in both groups. TRIG, CHOL, GLU and TP levels were higher in CSB (2.08 mmol/L, 3.67 mmol/L, 10.66 mmol/L, 3.68 mmol/L, and 36 g/L, respectively). The study showed difference between plasma biochemical paramteters and liver histomorhology of CSB and WSB. This can be explained as a consequence of different diets (artificial in contrast to natural foods), which influence energy metabolism

Movement patterns and spawning activity of individual nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) in flow-regulated and weir-fragmented rivers

Eighteen adult nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) (37.6-48.2 cm FL) from three highly fragmented Belgian rivers were tagged with surgically implanted radio transmitters and manually tracked from the banks of the rivers for 3-34 weeks. Their movements were mainly recorded during the circum reproduction period in 2001, 2002 and 2006 in river stretches delimited by physical barriers and/or minimum flow conditions. To reach the spawning grounds, nase displayed different patterns of movements that were mainly influenced by the configuration of the study site, the date of observation and the associated environmental conditions. Nase never cleared any physical obstacle but were able to spawn in minimum flow conditions or just downstream from physical obstacles. Nase were present on spawning grounds in late March in the warmest spring (2001) and from mid-April to early May in the coldest spring (2006). After spawning, a major proportion of C. nasus migrated a substantial distance downstream, whereas others remained near their capture site and showed frequent movements, sometimes corresponding to group displacements from one river to another