1,240 research outputs found
The spin-double refraction in two-dimensional electron gas
We briefly review the phenomenon of the spin-double refraction that
originates at an interface separating a two-dimensional electron gas with
Rashba spin-orbit coupling from a one without. We demonstrate how this
phenomenon in semiconductor heterostructures can produce and control a
spin-polarized current without ferromagnetic leads
Evidence for reduced magnetic braking in polars from binary population models
We present the first population synthesis of synchronous magnetic cataclysmic variables, called polars, taking into account the effect of the white dwarf (WD) magnetic field on angular momentum loss. We implemented the reduced magnetic braking (MB) model proposed by Li, Wu & Wickramasinghe into the Binary Stellar Evolution (BSE) code recently calibrated for cataclysmic variable (CV) evolution. We then compared separately our predictions for polars and non-magnetic CVs with a large and homogeneous sample of observed CVs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We found that the predicted orbital period distributions and space densities agree with the observations if period bouncers are excluded. For polars, we also find agreement between predicted and observed mass transfer rates, while the mass transfer rates of non-magnetic CVs with periods ≳3 h drastically disagree with those derived from observations. Our results provide strong evidence that the reduced MB model for the evolution of highly magnetized accreting WDs can explain the observed properties of polars. The remaining main issues in our understanding of CV evolution are the origin of the large number of highly magnetic WDs, the large scatter of the observed mass transfer rates for non-magnetic systems with periods ≳3 h, and the absence of period bouncers in observed samples
A Literature review on Balancing Workload in Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is the realistic evolution of information technology in a world that is learning to be more and more based on the division of work. Cloud computing offers many principles that are long accomplished in other industries to the IT. We focus on basic characteristics of cloud computing help you understand them. A pattern language is used to interconnecting set of cloud patterns. A cloud pattern is a small human readable document of a well-defined format describing a good solution to a cloud related problem. We studied and captured such patterns describing different types of clouds, the offerings they provide and how to build application with them. In this paper we mainly focus on different types of application workload patterns. Pattern for application workloads describe different user behavior resulting in changing utilization of IT resources hosting an application. Having motivated the need for cloud offerings to handle different workloads we introduce common cloud service models that describe different styles to offer IT resources on different levels of an application stack. Furthermore we also discuss how the corresponding service models and cloud deployment models enable the cloud computing properties
Bond strength of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings on the phosphated steels
In the presented work, results of adhesion measurements for different systems of steel sheet-phosphate interlayer-ceramiccoating are described. The interlayers were produced by zinc phosphating; alumina, olivine and zirconiasilica-alumina (e.g. eucor) coatings were deposited by water stabilized plasma torch WSP®. However, successful application of the WSP technique depends on the choice of correct deposition parameters preserving the hydrated phosphates from thermal destruction by the molten ceramic particles. For the adhesion measurement ISO 4624standardized test was used. Corrosion resistivity was measured by polarisation resistance and free corrosion potential in 3 % NaCl solution.
Key words
Formation of quantum dots in the potential fluctuations of InGaAs heterostructures probed by scanning gate microscopy
The disordered potential landscape in an InGaAs/InAlAs two-dimensional
electron gas patterned into narrow wires is investigated by means of scanning
gate microscopy. It is found that scanning a negatively charged tip above
particular sites of the wires produces conductance oscillations that are
periodic in the tip voltage. These oscillations take the shape of concentric
circles whose number and diameter increase for more negative tip voltages until
full depletion occurs in the probed region. These observations cannot be
explained by charging events in material traps, but are consistent with Coulomb
blockade in quantum dots forming when the potential fluctuations are raised
locally at the Fermi level by the gating action of the tip. This interpretation
is supported by simple electrostatic simulations in the case of a disorder
potential induced by ionized dopants. This work represents a local
investigation of the mechanisms responsible for the disorder-induced
metal-to-insulator transition observed in macroscopic two-dimensional electron
systems at low enough density
Scanning Gate Spectroscopy of transport across a Quantum Hall Nano-Island
We explore transport across an ultra-small Quantum Hall Island (QHI) formed
by closed quan- tum Hall edge states and connected to propagating edge channels
through tunnel barriers. Scanning gate microscopy and scanning gate
spectroscopy are used to first localize and then study a single QHI near a
quantum point contact. The presence of Coulomb diamonds in the spectroscopy
con- firms that Coulomb blockade governs transport across the QHI. Varying the
microscope tip bias as well as current bias across the device, we uncover the
QHI discrete energy spectrum arising from electronic confinement and we extract
estimates of the gradient of the confining potential and of the edge state
velocity.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Scanning-gate microscopy of semiconductor nanostructures: an overview
This paper presents an overview of scanning-gate microscopy applied to the
imaging of electron transport through buried semiconductor nanostructures.
After a brief description of the technique and of its possible artifacts, we
give a summary of some of its most instructive achievements found in the
literature and we present an updated review of our own research. It focuses on
the imaging of GaInAs-based quantum rings both in the low magnetic field
Aharonov-Bohm regime and in the high-field quantum Hall regime. In all of the
given examples, we emphasize how a local-probe approach is able to shed new, or
complementary, light on transport phenomena which are usually studied by means
of macroscopic conductance measurements.Comment: Invited talk by SH at 39th "Jaszowiec" International School and
Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, Krynica-Zdroj, Poland, June 201
Imaging Electron Wave Functions Inside Open Quantum Rings
Combining Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM) experiments and simulations, we
demonstrate low temperature imaging of electron probability density
in embedded mesoscopic quantum rings (QRs). The tip-induced
conductance modulations share the same temperature dependence as the
Aharonov-Bohm effect, indicating that they originate from electron wavefunction
interferences. Simulations of both and SGM conductance maps
reproduce the main experimental observations and link fringes in SGM images to
.Comment: new titl
Local Density of States in Mesoscopic Samples from Scanning Gate Microscopy
We study the relationship between the local density of states (LDOS) and the
conductance variation in scanning-gate-microscopy experiments on
mesoscopic structures as a charged tip scans above the sample surface. We
present an analytical model showing that in the linear-response regime the
conductance shift is proportional to the Hilbert transform of the
LDOS and hence a generalized Kramers-Kronig relation holds between LDOS and
. We analyze the physical conditions for the validity of this
relationship both for one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems when several
channels contribute to the transport. We focus on realistic Aharonov-Bohm rings
including a random distribution of impurities and analyze the LDOS-
correspondence by means of exact numerical simulations, when localized states
or semi-classical orbits characterize the wavefunction of the system.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
- …