SaFeRDialogues: Taking Feedback Gracefully after Conversational Safety Failures

Current open-domain conversational models can easily be made to talk in inadequate ways. Online learning from conversational feedback given by the conversation partner is a promising avenue for a model to improve and adapt, so as to generate fewer of these safety failures. However, current state-of-the-art models tend to react to feedback with defensive or oblivious responses. This makes for an unpleasant experience and may discourage conversation partners from giving feedback in the future. This work proposes SaFeRDialogues, a task and dataset of graceful responses to conversational feedback about safety failures. We collect a dataset of 10k dialogues demonstrating safety failures, feedback signaling them, and a response acknowledging the feedback. We show how fine-tuning on this dataset results in conversations that human raters deem considerably more likely to lead to a civil conversation, without sacrificing engagingness or general conversational ability.Comment: Accepted at ACL 202

PERUBAHAN RETENSI AIR PADA ZONE PERAKARAN TANAMAN JAGUNG AKIBAT APLIKASI BAHAN ORGANIK ECENG GONDOK (EICHORNIA CRASSIPES)

Management system implemented aimed to preventing land degradation and improve water availability in the rooting zone of Zea mays plantation. Increased availability of high water as inplikasi ability of organic matter in binding water. The research method using field experiments with Completely Random Design with five levels, ie, P0 = without Eichornia crassipess organic matter or control, P1 = 3 ton.ha-1 E. crassipess organic matter, P2 = 6 ton.ha-1 E. crassipess organic matter, P3 = 9 ton.ha-1 E. crassipess organic matter, and P4 = 12 ton.ha-1 E. crassipess organic matter. The results obtained showed that the treatment of E. crassipess organic matter 12 ton ha-1 can increase water retention at pF pF 1.00 and 2.00 times respectively at 1.19 and 1.17 times larger compared with the untreated organic matter (P0). Key words: E. crassipess, water retention, Zea may

Kinetic Model of CCA Fixation on Wood. Part III. Model Validation

In previous studies, models were developed for the initial and main fixation reactions of chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C) on red pine wood as a function of time and isothermal wood temperature conditions following treatment with 1% CCA-C. In this study, these models are used to predict the amount of fixation over sequential short non-isothermal intervals as a way of predicting time to total fixation under variable temperature conditions. The rate of fixation of CCA-C treated red pine pole sections could generally be accurately predicted, using these models, from thermocouple temperature readings in the pole surface, even under a highly variable temperature fixation regime. However, variations in fixation rate were observed even within a single pole, associated with density differences at the butts and tops of the poles. This confirms that fixation time estimates are very sensitive to the model parameters and suggests that the model may not accurately predict fixation rates over a wide range of material sources

Mechanical Properties in Relation to Selected Wood Characteristics of Black Spruce

The relation between ring width, ring density, microfibril angle, and bending properties was analyzed at 2.4-m height on twelve 80-year-old black spruce trees. The moduli of elasticity and rupture were measured in the southernmost radial direction on extracted specimens of size 10 x 10 x 150 mm3 from pith to bark. Ring density and ring width were measured by X-ray densitometry, and microfibril angle was measured by the Silviscan technology. The impact of these three traits on the moduli of elasticity and rupture was evaluated by explicitly separating the radial variation from the variation among trees using a mixed model analysis. The results obtained show first that the modulus of elasticity is negatively correlated to microfibril angle. This result supports the assumption that the relation between modulus of elasticity and microfibril angle is not dependent on radial growth rate. Secondly, ring density has a lower contribution in predicting the modulus of elasticity than the modulus of rupture. In both cases, ring width was not a significant factor of variation of the moduli of elasticity and rupture

Coexistence of charge density wave and spin-Peierls orders in quarter-filled quasi-one dimensional correlated electron systems

Charge and spin-Peierls instabilities in quarter-filled (n=1/2) compounds consisting of coupled ladders and/or zig-zag chains are investigated. Hubbard and t-J models including local Holstein and/or Peierls couplings to the lattice are studied by numerical techniques. Next nearest neighbor hopping and magnetic exchange, and short-range Coulomb interactions are also considered. We show that, generically, these systems undergo instabilities towards the formation of Charge Density Waves, Bond Order Waves and (generalized) spin-Peierls modulated structures. Moderate electron-electron and electron-lattice couplings can lead to a coexistence of these three types of orders. In the ladder, a zig-zag pattern is stabilized by the Holstein coupling and the nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion. In the case of an isolated chain, bond-centered and site-centered 2k_F and 4k_F modulations are induced by the local Holstein coupling. In addition, we show that, in contrast to the ladders, a small charge ordering in the chains, strongly enhances the spin-Peierls instability. Our results are applied to the NaV_2O_5 compound (trellis lattice) and various phases with coexisting charge disproportionation and spin-Peierls order are proposed and discussed in the context of recent experiments. The role of the long-range Coulomb potential is also outlined.Comment: 10 pages, Revtex, 10 encapsulated figure

Inkjet printed conductive polymer-based beam-splitters for terahertz applications

Terahertz beam-splitters are fabricated from conductive polymers inkjet printed onto an acetate film substrate. The principle is a significant evolution of the recently proposed ultra-thin beam-splitter realized using silver conductive paint. The splitting ratios of the beam-splitters are dependent on the thickness and conductivity of the conductive polymer layer, allowing for any splitting ratio to be achieved accurately from a controlled printing process. As the processing technology of conductive polymers matures, this approach will allow for low cost and accurate fabrication of THz beam-splitters with a predefined near frequency-independent splitting ratio, in contrast to the commonly used float zone silicon wafers

A supramolecular self-assembly strategy for upconversion nanoparticle bioconjugation

© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. An efficient surface modification for upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is reported via supramolecular host-guest self-assembly. Cucurbit[7]uril (CB) can provide a hydrophilic surface and cavities for most biomolecules. High biological efficiency, activity and versatility of the approach enable UCNPs to be significantly applied in bio-imaging, early disease detection, and bio-sensing

Spectral analysis of Gene co-expression network of Zebrafish

We analyze the gene expression data of Zebrafish under the combined framework of complex networks and random matrix theory. The nearest neighbor spacing distribution of the corresponding matrix spectra follows random matrix predictions of Gaussian orthogonal statistics. Based on the eigenvector analysis we can divide the spectra into two parts, first part for which the eigenvector localization properties match with the random matrix theory predictions, and the second part for which they show deviation from the theory and hence are useful to understand the system dependent properties. Spectra with the localized eigenvectors can be characterized into three groups based on the eigenvalues. We explore the position of localized nodes from these different categories. Using an overlap measure, we find that the top contributing nodes in the different groups carry distinguished structural features. Furthermore, the top contributing nodes of the different localized eigenvectors corresponding to the lower eigenvalue regime form different densely connected structure well separated from each other. Preliminary biological interpretation of the genes, associated with the top contributing nodes in the localized eigenvectors, suggests that the genes corresponding to same vector share common features.Comment: 6 pages, four figures (accepted in EPL