Научно-техническая библиотека как составная часть системы управления знаниями организации: взгляд информационного работника

Many research institutions have been developing their knowledge management systems (KMS). This process may be facilitated if the existing sci-tech libraries are taken as basic element of this system, while the libraries’ task will be to transform itself from the institution providing information support into a knowledge managing entity. Today the structure of sci-tech libraries comprises the relevant book and journal collections, functioning electronic library systems and in-house digital collections of external and their own resources. Merging the traditional and electronic libraries into knowledge management system will produce a synergetic effect. Managing in-house databases, sci-tech libraries are potentially able to manage sci-tech, intellectual products and intellectual property which makes a functional KMS fragment. Managing both external and in-house scholarly and information resources, building single information space on organizational intranet-portal, perfectly chosen software — all these make the main conditions of successful incorporation of sci-tech libraries in the knowledge management system.В настоящее время многие исследовательские организации приступили к разработке систем управления знаниями (СУЗ). Этот процесс можно значительно упростить, если принять действующие научно-технические библиотеки за основу СУЗ. При этом задача НТБ состоит в том, чтобы из средства информационного обеспечения превратиться в средство управления знаниями в составе СУЗ. Структура современных НТБ – это актуальные книжный и журнальный фонды, готовые электронно-библиотечные системы и формируемые в организациях электронные библиотеки внешних и собственных научно-информационных ресурсов. При объединении в СУЗ традиционной и электронной библиотек возникает синергетический эффект от их взаимного использования. Работая с внутренними базами данных, НТБ может стать средством управления научно-техническим контентом, результатами интеллектуальной деятельности и объектами интеллектуальной собственности, т.е. полноценной частью СУЗ. Основными условиями успешного включения НТБ в СУЗ организации являются: работа как с внешними, так и с внутренними научно-информационными ресурсами, создание единого информационного пространства на интранет-портале организации, правильный выбор программного обеспечения. Отмечено: интересен подход к трансформации знания в библиотеке посредством применения читателями меток (тэгов) в электронных каталогах и полнотекстовых БД, что приведет к созданию пользовательских сетевых библиотечных контекстных структур

Colorectal Cancer in Patient with Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Aim. A clinical observation to highlight the importance of detailed examination in patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms.Key points. A 28-yo female patient was admitted with complains of left ileal pain, abdominal distention and up to 4-day stool delay. The complaints had long been interpreted as clinical manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome. No significant abnormalities were revealed in outpatient check-up (general and biochemical blood panels, stool test, abdominal ultrasound, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy). Colonoscopy was performed on admission, with diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma. The patient had a prompt surgical intervention, repeated courses of polychemotherapy and is currently followed by an oncologist and coloproctologist. No relapse signs have been reported.Conclusion. Patients with the complaints satisfying the Rome Criteria Revision IV for functional gastrointestinal diseases should have a thorough examination as per recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and Russian Association of Coloproctologists

ТРАНСУРЕТРАЛЬНАЯ РЕЗЕКЦИЯ СТЕНКИ МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ С ОПУХОЛЬЮ ЕДИНЫМ БЛОКОМ

The goal of the research: to evaluate short-and long-term treatment outcomes in patients with superficial bladder cancer, who underwent transurethral en block resection of the bladder wall tumor. Material and methods. Surgical treatment results were assessed in 270 patients with bladder cancer from 2003 to 2012. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 94 patients who underwent transurethral en block resection of the bladder wall tumor. Group II (the control group) composed of 176 patients who received the conventional transurethral resection. Results. Local recurrence occurred 1.4-fold less frequently in Group I than in Group II patients (47.7 versus 34.0 %, p<0.05), and disease progression occurred 4-fold less frequently in Group I than in the control group (8.5 versus 2.1 %, p<0.001). Moreover, the Group I patients had a longer time to disease progression than the Group II patients (6.1 ± 3.1 versus 32.5 ± 75 months, p<0.05). Conclusion. Transurethral en block resection of the bladder wall tumor allows the depth of invasion to be exactly measured and the incidence of recurrence to be decreased

The Effectiveness of Add-on Treatment with Nutraceutical

Aim: evaluation of the effectiveness of the nutraceutical “Standard Zdorovia: Gastro” (“SZ Gastro”) in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Materials and methods. 52 patients (62 % women) diagnosed with IBS and IBS in combination with functional dyspepsia (FD) were included in the study and divided into two groups. Both groups received basic therapy according to the guidelines. The experimental group received as add-on the nutraceutical “SZ Gastro” (containing a standardized amount of menthol, gingerol and D-limonene); patients in the control group — placebo. The duration of the study was 30 days. The severity of somatic symptoms was assessed with the 7×7 questionnaire. Emotional state was assessed with the Four Dimensional Distress, Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization Questionnaire (4DSQ).Results. Patients of the experimental and control groups did not differ from each other either in terms of demographics, basic treatment, or in the severity of symptoms at the beginning of the study.The effectiveness of the treatment in the patients, who received add-on “SZ Gastro” was significantly higher than in the patients of the control group: in the control group the percentage of improvement of somatic symptoms was 22.35 %, in the experimental group it amounted to 49.18 % (χ2 = 15.9; p = 0.0001). The percentage of patients with significant decrease of emotional disturbances was also higher in the experimental group: distress (χ2 = 18.7; p = 0.0000), anxiety (χ2 = 6.9; p = 0.0097) and somatization (χ2 = 14.99; p = 0.0001). No significant side effects were registered in any of the groups.Conclusions. Add-on of nutraceutical “SZ Gastro” to basic treatment is safe and significantly increases effectiveness of the therapy in the patients with IBS and IBS in combination with PD

Determination of Probiotics Prescription Indications in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Materials of the Expert Council and Literature Review)

Aim. To review the main indications for probiotics prescription in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and to present the materials of an Expert Council, which was held on 18 March 2022 in Moscow.Key points. Gut microbiota disturbance is an integral part of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathogenesis. Changes of colonic microbiota composition are associated with its functional potential modification, which leads to an increasing of the pro-inflammatory immune response, as well as to an exacerbation of the disease symptoms and quality of life decreasing in patients with IBS. The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is an independent risk factor for both exacerbation and onset of IBS, which predispose to increase IBS incidence. Correction of gut microbiota composition with probiotics seems to be a promising therapeutic target for IBS treatment optimizing. The optimal probiotic should be effective, safe, strain-specific, and its dose and duration of administration should be confirmed by the results of clinical studies. Some of the probiotics with proven efficacy in IBS are Alflorex® and Enterol®.Conclusion. Prescription of certain probiotics in IBS is advisable to normalize the frequency and consistency of stools, relieve abdominal pain and bloating, as well as improve patients’ quality of life

Метахронное развитие рака молочной железы и рака предстательной железы (клинический случай)

The formation of primary multiple malignant neoplasms, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, in one patient is a rather rare combination. Treatment and diagnostic strategies in such cases require a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, there are no approved recommendations for the management of patients with a combination of these diseases. This manuscript presents a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of breast and prostate cancer in one patient.Одновременное развитие первично множественных злокачественных новообразований, таких как рак молочной железы и рак предстательной железы, у одного пациента является редким случаем. Лечебно-диагностическая тактика в подобных ситуациях требует мультидисциплинарного подхода. В настоящий момент утвержденных рекомендаций по ведению пациентов с комбинацией этих заболеваний нет. В данной работе представлен клинический случай диагностики и лечения рака молочной железы и рака предстательной железы у одного пациента

Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis and treatment of <i>Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile)</i>-associated Disease in Adults (literature Review and Expert Council Resolution)

Aim: to review the modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of C. difficile-associated disease in adults and present the resolution of the Expert Council held on March 25, 2023 in Moscow.General provisions. C. difficile is the most important nosocomial pathogen which spores are also commonly found in the environment. Microbiota impairment, primarily due to the use of antibacterial drugs, is a key stage in the development of C. difficile-associated disease. A search for an infection should be carried out only in patients with diarrhea, and it is advisable to use at least 2 laboratory methods. The drug of choice for first-line treatment is vancomycin. If drug treatment is ineffective or the patient has recurrent clostridial infection, fecal microbiota transplantation should be considered. The probiotic strain Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 has a direct inhibitory effect on C. difficile toxin A, promotes normalization of the intestinal microbiota composition, and decreases the inflammatory reaction in colonic mucosa colonized with a toxigenic strain of C. difficile.Conclusions. Addition of the probiotic strain Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 to antibacterial therapy promotes both primary and secondary prevention of C. difficile-associated disease

Modern Approaches to <i>H. pylori</i> Eradication Therapy in Adults (Literature Review and Resolution of Experts Council)

Aim: to analyze current approaches to H. pylori eradication therapy in adults and present the materials of Experts Council held on December 9, 2022 in Moscow.General statements. H. pylori infection is the main etiological factor of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Eradication of H. pylori is recognized as a necessary measure to reduce the incidence of these diseases. The approaches to selecting an eradication regimen should be optimized to take into account epidemiological trends and achieve better treatment outcomes. The updated Maastricht VI Consensus Report presents the means to overcome the difficulties in selecting an approach to the treatment of H. pylori infection. However, eradication therapy remains challenging due to adverse events (primarily antibiotic-associated diarrhea), poor treatment tolerance and patient compliance. Eradication therapy can be optimized by supplementing treatment regimens with strain-specific probiotics that reduce adverse events, improve patient compliance and eradication rates, such as Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 strain with established efficacy.Conclusion. The inclusion of certain probiotics in eradication regimens improves treatment tolerance, reduces the risk of adverse events, improves patient compliance and eradication rates

Practical Recommendation of the Scientific Сommunity for Human Microbiome Research (CHMR) and the Russian Gastroenterological Association (RGA) on Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Adults

Aim. To optimize the choice of treatment strategies by physicians and gastroenterologists to improve treatment and prevention of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in adults.Key points. SIBO is a condition characterized by an increased amount and/or abnormal composition of the microbiota in the small intestine. Clinically, the syndrome is manifested by nonspecific gastroenterological complaints and the development of malabsorption syndrome. Most often, SIBO is associated with various chronic non- infectious diseases (both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and the cardiovascular system and the neuromuscular apparatus) and can affect the severity of their symptoms. Specific methods for diagnosing SIBO are the culture method and breath tests. The main approaches to the treatment of SIBO include the elimination of the underlying cause of its occurrence, the use of antibacterial drugs and adherence to dietary recommendations (elemental diet).Conclusion. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is common in patients with various diseases, but has non-specific manifestations, so proper diagnosis of this condition is required. SIBO therapy involves prescription of antibacterial agents, the most studied of which is the non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin-α