Spatial analysis of Fire Characterization along with various gradients of Season, Administrative units, Vegetation, Socio economy, Topography and Future climate change: A case study of Orissa state of India

Fire events are an increasing phenomenon these days due to the climate change. It is responsible for forest degradation and habitat destruction. Changes in ecosystem processes are also noticed. The livelihood of tribal population is also threatened. Geospatial technologies along with Remotely Sensed data have enormous capability to evaluate the various diversified datasets and to examine their relationship. In this analysis, we have utilized the long term fire events at district level for the Orissa state ofIndiaand forest fire hotspots were identified. The fire pattern was analyzed with respect to the existing vegetation types, tribal population and topography to understand its association/relationship. Furthermore, it was evaluated with future climate change data for better comprehension of future forest fire scenario. The study reveals that Kandhamal, Raygada and Kalahandi district have highest fire frequency representing around 38% of the total Orissa fire events. The vegetation type “Tropical mixed deciduous and dry deciduous forests” and “Tropical lowland forests, broadleaved, evergreen, <1000m” occupy the geographical area roughly 43% whereas they retain fire percent equivalent to 70%. Approximately 70% of forest fire occurred in the area where tribal population was high to very high. The 60% of forest fire occurred where elevation was greater than500 meterswhereas 48% of fire occurred on moderate slopes.            Our observation of future climate change scenario for the year 2030 reflects the increase in summer temperature and irregular rainfall pattern. Therefore, forest fire intensity will be more in future in the state of Orissa whereas it’s intensity will be more severe in few of the district such as Kandhamal, Raygada, Kalahandi and Koraput which have significantly high forest fire events in present scenario.The outcomes of the present study would certainly guide the policymakers to prepare more effective plan to protect the forest which is main source of livelihood to the tribal population keeping in mind of future climate change impact for prioritization of various districts of state of Orissa suffering from forest fires

Climate Smart Agriculture, need for 21st century to achieve socioeconomic and climate resilience agriculture in India: A geospatial perspective

Climate change is now widely recognized as the major environmental threatoccurring mainly due to increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and causing theextinction of biodiversity and enhances disruptions to ecosystems. Climate change risks arefound to be very significant and would have a profound impact on the livelihoods of millionsof poor people in India. In the present study, we have analyzed datasets of agricultureGreenhouse gases (GHGs) emission (1990-2016), poverty, anthropogenic biomes, agriculturecrop production scenario (2008-2017), seasonal soil moisture status present (2006-2015) anddeficit (compared with 20 years’ time periods), present (1970-2000) annual mean, future(2050) precipitation and temperature scenario of India and investigated the spatial pattern andrelationship incorporating in remote sensing and GIS for the better comprehension of theimpact of climate changes on the socio-economic dimension of the people. The total GHGsemissions (CO2 equivalent) from agriculture in India were showing the increasing trend(approximately 1% annually) whereas the increasing trend has decreased notably in the lastfive years. The states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam, Punjab, and Tamil Naduand Andhra Pradesh of India were found producing higher GHGs emissions from agriculture.The present soil moisture and the deficit during the Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid seasonsvary geographically whereas soil moisture deficit during the Kharif season was found verysignificant over most of the districts of Ganga and Brahmaputra basin. The present meanannual temperature and precipitation patterns were found very significant in arid and semiaridregions which are known as the farmer’s suicide hotspot and are predicted to threatenmore in the future (2050). The evaluation highlights the need for synergic approaches such asclimate-smart agriculture (CSA) to address the impact of climate change in food productionand farmers’ livelihood. Such an investigation gives a solid understanding of a paradigm shiftin the adaptation of CSA an approach in prevailing new climate change reality at country orregional levels for achieving socio-economic and climate resilience agriculture in India

Evaluation of long term forest fires in India with respect to state administrative boundary, forest category of LULC and future climate change scenario: A Geospatial Perspective

Analysing the forest fires events in climate change scenario is essential for protecting the forest from further degradation. Geospatial technology is one of the advanced tools that has enormous capacity to evaluate the number of data sets simultaneously and to analyse the hidden relationships and trends. This study has evaluated the long term forest fire events with respect to India’s state boundary, its seasonal monthly trend, all forest categories of LULC and future climate anomalies datasets over the Indian region. Furthermore, the spatial analysis revealed the trend and their relationship

Totally Umbilical Proper Slant and Hemislant Submanifolds of an LP-Cosymplectic Manifold

In the present note, we study slant and hemislant submanifolds of an LP-cosymplectic manifold which are totally umbilical. We prove that every totally umbilical proper slant submanifold M of an LP-cosymplectic manifold M¯ is either totally geodesic or if M is not totally geodesic in M¯ then we derive a formula for slant angle of M. Also, we obtain the integrability conditions of the distributions of a hemi-slant submanifold, and then we give a result on its classification

An evaluation of vegetation health and the socioeconomic dimension of the vulnerability of Jharkhand state of India in climate change scenarios and their likely impact: a geospatial approach

Geospatial evaluation of various datasets is extremely important because it gives a better comprehension of the past, present and future and can therefore be significantly utilized in effective decision making strategies. This study examined the relationships, using geospatial tools, between various diversified datasets such as land use/land cover (LULC), long term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based changes, long term forest fire points, poverty percentage, tribal percentage, forest fire hotspots, climate change vulnerability, agricultural vulnerability and future (2030) climate change anomalies (RCP-6) of Jharkhand state, India, for a better understanding and knowledge of its vegetation health, LULC, poverty, tribal population and future climate change impact. The long term NDVI (1982-2006) evaluation revealed negative change trends in seven northwest districts of Jharkhand state, these were: Hazaribag, Ramgarh, Palamu, Lohardaga, Chatra, Garhwa and Latehar. The forests as well as the agriculture of these districts have lost their greenness during this period. The forest fire frequency events were found to be more pronounced in the land use/land cover of “tropical lowland forests, broadleaved, evergreen, <1000 m” category, and were roughly twice the intensity of the “tropical mixed deciduous and dry deciduous forests” category. In the nine districts of Jharkhand it was found that 40 % of the population was living below the poverty line which is around twice the national average. The highest poverty districts, in percentage, were: Garwah (53.93), Palamu (49.24), Latehar (47.99) and Chatra (46.2). The southwest and south of Jharkhand state shows a tribal population density of more than 40%. The climate change vulnerability was found to be highest in the district of Saraikela followed by Pashchim Singhbhum, whereas agricultural vulnerability was found to be highest in the district of Pashchim Singhbhum followed by Saraikela, Garhwa, Simdega, Latehar, Palamu and Lohardaga. The temperature anomalies prediction for the year 2030 shows an increasing trend in temperature with values of 0.8°C to 1°C in the state of Jharkhand. The highest increases were observed in the districts of Pashchim Singhbhum, Simdega and Saraikela. Based on these evaluations we can conclude that a few of the districts of Jharkhand, such as Pashchim Singhbhum, Garhwa, Palamu and Latehar need to be prioritized for development on an urgent basis. The outcomes of this study would certainly guide the policymakers to prepare more robust plans when keeping in mind the future climate change impacts for the prioritization of various districts of Jharkhand which suffer from extreme poverty, diminished livelihood and insignificant agricultural productivity for the betterment of the people of Jharkhand based on their adaptive capacity