The Meaning of the educational leadership in the professional environment. Case of study

The subject matter of this thesis is educational leadership at its highest level. I used a case study focusing on the achievement of an aim that reflects upon leadership, its understanding by a headmaster holding the honorary title of Professor of Education.I assumed in my study that the understanding of educational leadership is determined towards the organic paradigm mainly by an independent variable, i.e. the length of professional experience as a teacher. The study carried out indicates that experience confirmed by the title leads to the understanding of leadership in accordance with the organic paradigm characterised by: the key importance of all members of the group, orientation towards leadership itself, and self-management skills. In that model, the organisation draws mainly on the sense of responsibility of all individuals, while power is divided among all members of the organisation.The headmaster holding the title of professor applies a leadership definition consistent with the assumptions of the organic paradigm and his behaviour complies with the declared definition. That conclusion is based on the statements of the interviewed director regarding management, supervision, and group leadership, as confirmed by the nature of his relations with co-workers.Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest przywództwo edukacyjne na najwyższym poziomie. Zastosowałam studium przypadku skupiając się na osiągnięciu celu jakim jest refleksja nad przywództwem, jego rozumieniem przez dyrektora szkoły z honorowym tytułem profesora oświaty. Założyłam w badaniu, że rozumienie przywództwa edukacyjnego jest determinowane w kierunku paradygmatu organicznego głównie przez zmienną niezależną jaką jest staż pracy w zawodzie pedagoga. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że doświadczenie potwierdzone tytułem prowadzi do rozumienia przywództwa w zgodzie z paradygmatem organicznym charakteryzującym się: kluczowym znaczeniem wszystkich członków grupy, nastawieniem na samo przywództwo oraz umiejętności zarządzania sobą. W tym modelu organizacja opiera się głównie na poczuciu odpowiedzialności wszystkich jednostek a władza rozdzielona jest na wszystkich członków organizacji. Dyrektor z tytułem profesora posługuje się definicją przywództwa zgodną z założeniami paradygmatu organicznego a jego zachowanie jest zgodne z deklarowaną definicją. Podstawą tego wniosku są wypowiedzi badanego dyrektora na temat zarządzania, kierowania, przewodzenia w grupie potwierdzone charakterem relacji z współpracownikami

Effect of Root Storage and Forcing on the Carbohydrate and Secondary Metabolite Compostion of Belgian Endive (Cichorium intybus L. Var. foliosum)

Belgian endive is grown in a two-step cultivation process that involves growing of the plants in the field, cold storage of the taproots, and a second growth period in dark conditions called forcing to yield the witloof heads. In this study, the changes in the carbohydrate content and the secondary metabolite composition were studied in different tissues of Belgian endive during the cultivation process. Belgian endive heads contain between 336–388 mg/g DW of total soluble carbohydrates, predominantly fructose and glucose. The heads also contain phenolic compounds and terpenoids that give Belgian endive its characteristic bitter taste. The terpenoid and phenolic compound composition of the heads was found to be constant during the cultivation season, regardless of the root storage time. In roots, the main storage carbohydrate, inulin, was degraded during storage and forcing processes; however, more than 70% of total soluble carbohydrates remained unused after forcing. Additionally, high amounts of phenolics and terpenoids were found in the Belgian endive taproots, predominantly chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and sesquiterpene lactones. As shown in this study, Belgian endive taproots, which are currently discarded after forcing, are rich in carbohydrates, terpenes, and phenolic compounds and therefore have the potential for further valorization. This systematic study contributes to the understanding of the carbohydrate and secondary metabolite metabolism during the cultivation process of Belgian endiv

Enzyme-treated chicory for cosmetics:application assessment and techno-economic analysis

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an important industrial crop that produces large quantities of the dietary fiber inulin in its roots. Following inulin extraction, the bagasse is typically used as animal feed, but it contains numerous bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in healthcare and cosmetic products. Here we assessed the antimicrobial properties of chicory biomass pre-treated with various enzymes alone and in combination to release the bioactive compounds and increase their bioavailability. We found that pre-treatment significantly increased the antimicrobial activity of this industrial by-product, yielding an extract that inhibited typical skin pathogens in a cosmetic formula challenge test. We also evaluated the valorization of chicory biomass as a bioactive cosmetic ingredient. Economic feasibility was estimated by combining our experimental results with a conceptual techno-economic analysis. Our results suggest that chicory biomass can be utilized for the sustainable production of efficacious cosmetic ingredients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13568-022-01494-8