Experimental Method for Characterizing Electrical Steel Sheets in the Normal Direction

This paper proposes an experimental method to characterise magnetic laminations in the direction normal to the sheet plane. The principle, which is based on a static excitation to avoid planar eddy currents, is explained and specific test benches are proposed. Measurements of the flux density are made with a sensor moving in and out of an air-gap. A simple analytical model is derived in order to determine the permeability in the normal direction. The experimental results for grain oriented steel sheets are presented and a comparison is provided with values obtained from literature

Analysis of magnetic field distribution in C-yoke system

Abstract. Magnetic field distribution in the C-yoke magnetizing system was computed. This numerical analysis was verified experimentally using Magnetovision scanning system. Various magnetizing circuits have been tested. The C-type yoke is commonly used for magnetization of the electrical steel sheets and strips. For example the C-yoke system is used as a standard Single Sheet Tester (SST

La rubrique "Le mot du jour" dans Le Figaro: entre l'amusement langagier et les discours d'actualité

Käesolev bakalaureusetöö võtab vaatluse alla ajakirja​Le Figaro ​ rubriigi„Le mot du jour” (ehk ‘Päevasõna’), analüüsides selles ilmuvate artiklite ülesehitust ning sisu. Töö peamiseks eesmärgiks on näidata ühe prantsuse ajaleherubriigi eripära, analüüsides vaatenurka, mille läbi päevateemasid selles rubriigis käsitletakse. Teiseks eesmärgiks on rohkem teada saada Prantsusmaa ja prantsuse keele kohta. Küsimus, millele käesolev bakalaureusetöö püüab ühtlasi vastust leida on: „Milline pilt prantsuse uudistest kujuneb läbi ajakirjaniku silmade ​Le Figaro rubriigis „Le mot du jour”?” Töö uurimiskorpuseks on ajalehe​Le Figaro rubriik „Le mot du jour“, kus iga päev (mõnikord harvem), ilmub artikkel, kommenteerides üht sõna,misviitabaktuaalsele teemale Prantsusmaal või kogu maailmas. Artiklite autoriks on Étienne de Montety, kes on nii prantsuse kirjanik kui ka ajakirjanik.Töö autor võttis ühendust Étienne de Montety’ga, kes saatis antud bakalaureusetöö autorile endapoolt väljaantud raamatu „​Billets du « ​Figaro ​»:L'actualité au fil des mots​ “.Pärast töö valmimist viidi läbi ka intervjuu.http://www.ester.ee/record=b5144099*es

Impact of different polyimide-based substrates on the soft magnetic properties of NiFe thin films

We investigated the impact of polymer substrates on the magnetic properties of soft magnetic thin films. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistive) sensors deposited on polymeric substrates and to give indications for the design of future sensors on flexible substrates. Sputtered permalloy (NiFe 81/19) was used as a soft magnetic thin film layer. As substrate materials, liquid polyimide precursors and DuPont Kapton® HN foil were examined. Surface roughness was determined for each substrate material. The dynamic of soft magnetic behavior of the permalloy thin films was observed in a homogenous alternating magnetic field. Resulting R-Hcurves were evaluated in regard to the magnitude of the magnetoresistive effect (ΔR / R0-ratio), as well as the resulting magnetic anisotropy of the tested samples. B-H-curves were obtained by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). © 2015 COPYRIGHT SPIE.DFG/SFB/65

A Compact Inductive Position Sensor Made by Inkjet Printing Technology on a Flexible Substrate

This paper describes the design, simulation and fabrication of an inductive angular position sensor on a flexible substrate. The sensor is composed of meandering silver coils printed on a flexible substrate (Kapton film) using inkjet technology. The flexibility enables that after printing in the plane, the coils could be rolled and put inside each other. By changing the angular position of the internal coil (rotor) related to the external one (stator), the mutual inductance is changed and consequently the impedance. It is possible to determine the angular position from the measured real and imaginary part of the impedance, in our case in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 10 MHz. Experimental results were compared with simulation results obtained by in-house developed software tool, and very good agreement has been achieved. Thanks to the simple design and fabrication, smaller package space requirements and weight, the presented sensor represents a cost-effective alternative to the other sensors currently used in series production applications

Algorithmic Error Correction of Impedance Measuring Sensors

This paper describes novel design concepts and some advanced techniques proposed for increasing the accuracy of low cost impedance measuring devices without reduction of operational speed. The proposed structural method for algorithmic error correction and iterating correction method provide linearization of transfer functions of the measuring sensor and signal conditioning converter, which contribute the principal additive and relative measurement errors. Some measuring systems have been implemented in order to estimate in practice the performance of the proposed methods. Particularly, a measuring system for analysis of C-V, G-V characteristics has been designed and constructed. It has been tested during technological process control of charge-coupled device CCD manufacturing. The obtained results are discussed in order to define a reasonable range of applied methods, their utility, and performance

Genus trace reveals the topological complexity and domain structure of biomolecules

The structure of bonds in biomolecules, such as base pairs in RNA chains or native interactions in proteins, can be presented in the form of a chord diagram. A given biomolecule is then characterized by the genus of an auxiliary two-dimensional surface associated to such a diagram. In this work we introduce the notion of the genus trace, which describes dependence of genus on the choice of a subchain of a given backbone chain. We find that the genus trace encodes interesting physical and biological information about a given biomolecule and its three dimensional structural complexity; in particular it gives a way to quantify how much more complicated a biomolecule is than its nested secondary structure alone would indicate. We illustrate this statement in many examples, involving both RNA and protein chains. First, we conduct a survey of all published RNA structures with better than 3 Å resolution in the PDB database, and find that the genus of natural structural RNAs has roughly linear dependence on their length. Then, we show that the genus trace captures properties of various types of base pairs in RNA, and enables the identification of the domain structure of a ribosome. Furthermore, we find that not only does the genus trace detect a domain structure, but it also predicts a cooperative folding pattern in multi-domain proteins. The genus trace turns out to be a useful and versatile tool, with many potential applications

Complex lasso: new entangled motifs in proteins

We identify new entangled motifs in proteins that we call complex lassos. Lassos arise in proteins with disulfide bridges (or in proteins with amide linkages), when termini of a protein backbone pierce through an auxiliary surface of minimal area, spanned on a covalent loop. We find that as much as 18% of all proteins with disulfide bridges in a non-redundant subset of PDB form complex lassos, and classify them into six distinct geometric classes, one of which resembles supercoiling known from DNA. Based on biological classification of proteins we find that lassos are much more common in viruses, plants and fungi than in other kingdoms of life. We also discuss how changes in the oxidation/reduction potential may affect the function of proteins with lassos. Lassos and associated surfaces of minimal area provide new, interesting and possessing many potential applications geometric characteristics not only of proteins, but also of other biomolecules