Oil sludge as source of a valuable carbon raw material

General trends of recovery of oil sludge into the commodity products are presented below. The technology of concentrating of the carbon part of oil waste was justified. The sequence of processes for refining of sludge into the road and construction bitumen, antiseptic and waterproof materials and lubes was presented as a structural scheme

Technology of modified bitumen production for the road construction

In the current article, there has been proposed technology of production of the modified bitumen that is based on the compounding of petroleum residue with solid domestic wastes at 420–470K. The advantages of technology are compactness of technological scheme, simplicity of technological equip-ment, and minimal hazardous emission. There have been obtained laboratory samples with the pro-perties that exceed the properties of commodity bitumen PRB-90/130 (petroleum road bitumen). The produced modified bitumen has expanded temperature range of application, which makes the bitumen universal for any climatic exploitation zone

The choice of method of dispersion the thickener for the production of the recycling plastic grease

The results of dispersing the thickener in the area of grease using a paddle stirrer (rotational speed = 100 and 1000 rpm) and ultrasonic treatment with a frequency of 44 kHz have been presented. It has been concluded that ultrasonic dispersion allows us to increase the dispersion of the thickener up to 3-5 microns and spread it evenly in the grease comparing to the mechanical dispersion. Increasing the degree of dispersion of the thickener allows improving the stability of the obtained grease, its adhesive properties. Also it allows reducing the duration of the process of greases producing

Energy saving technologies in the petroleum refining processes

This article describes the compounds of energetic material costs of the oil refining at the refineries and some tendencies of energy – saving technologies. It also shows the possibility of applying heat pumps, refrigeration machines, heat pipes for refining plants modernization and reduction in energy consumption

Production of boiler and furnace fuels from domestic wastes (polyethylene items)

The results of the thermal destruction of solid domestic waste (which are polyethylene items) were presented for batch-type laboratory equipment. According to the modern requirements of EU for the amount of sulphur in fuel and boiler fuels, polyethylene items are a valuable source for pro-duction of these fuels. During atmospheric heating of the raw material in reactor the intensive destruction of polyethylene can be observed in the range of temperature 560–580 K. It has been defined the composition of products of polyethylene thermal destruction: 95 % (mass.) of liquid hydrocarbons, 4,5 % (mass.) of light hydrocarbon gases and 0,5 % (mass.) of coke. Fractionation of liquid hydrocarbons allows to separate 15 % (mass) of fraction 340-488 K, 14 % of fraction 406-518 K, 43 % of fraction 438-546 K and 27 % of residue (>623ºС fractions). Liquid products can be applied for production of boiler and furnace fuels independently and in a mixture with the petroleum processing products in different ratio

Electrode Processes in Electrochromic Anodic Oxide Films on Niobium

We review the following issues: peculiarities of polycrystalline AOP development at niobium in nitrate salt melt at temperatures of Nb2O5 recrystallization, the mechanisms of change in structure and properties of niobium pentoxide in the result of electrode processes under cathodic polarization (at the model structure of polycrystalline film), as well as the methods of amorphous electrochromic AOP development and ways of electrochromic processes optimization at such films

Ways of improving the equipment for primary petroleum refining

The general ways of improvement the primary petroleum refining rigs have been described in this article. It has been proposed to consider the operational control of primary petroleum refining processes as the most perspective branch of petroleum industry due to its comparatively cheap implementation. Operational control has a significant influence on the safe operation of equipment, products quality and amount of harmful emissions. Electrical conductivity and relative permittivity have been defined as the specific parameters for effective operational control.Primary oil refining rigs are the most important part of any petroleum refinery. Despite the Nelson complexity index which is only 1,0 for refineries it should be considered that they have a strong impact on the secondary refining rigs. That’s why one of the most important task in the petroleum refining industry worldwide is improvement of primary oil refining rigs