Metal Related Nanoparticles\u27 Physical Behaviors in Different Physiologica Environments

In the past decades, the development of nanotechnology has had tremendous successes in material science. In this technology, the pertinent materials are used at the intermediate scale between individual molecules and their size in the nanometer region(1-100nm) compared to bulk materials. This nanoscale size provides a larger surface area; therefore, nanoparticles would be perfect essential components of nanotechnology. The reduced size of nanoparticles has a larger surface ratio to volume, which can modify their chemical, mechanical, structural, and electrical properties. In this study, the main goal is to test different metal related nanoparticles, such as CuNPs (Copper nanoparticles), FeNPs (Iron nanoparticles), CuHARS (Copper high-aspect ratio structure) and, Zn (Zinc microparticles) with different biological environments. In specific biological environments, such as sterilized water, deionized water, and various cell culture media, nanoparticles will change their morphology in different degrees; also, in living cells (astrocyte and CRL rat brain glioma cells) environment these nanoparticles either damage the cells or would not harm the cells. The hypothesis of this project is that CuHARS or CuNPs under biological conditions would degrade. In order to prove this hypothesis as valid, CuHARS with CuNPs were tested in sterilized water and cell culture media at room temperature and body temperature. The result showed that CuHARS and CuNPs will degrade in cell culture media at room temperature and body temperature at different pace. Surprisingly, CuHARS and CuNPs in sterilized water are aggregated in different levels. Charges around the nanoparticles cause them to aggregate or evenly disperse in water, but they do not degrade. After the testing, image analysis methods were used to extrapolate nanoparticles as either aggregating, degrading, or more stable. After testing FeNPs in astrocyte cells and CRL rat brain glioma cancer cells, the hypothesis was that FeNPs would not affect morphology of the cells. Results showed that astrocyte and CRL rat brain glioma cancer cells were not damaged and were healthy. However, other nanoparticles, such as CuNPs and, CuHARS have toxicity by nature, they harmed the normal astrocyte and CRL rat brain glioma cancer cells

Anti-Inflammatory ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon serra

Ten new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, including two pairs of epimers 1/2 and 4/5 and a 6,7-seco-ent-kauranoid 10, were obtained from the aerial parts of Isodon serra. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis. An anti-inflammatory assay was applied to evaluate their nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities by using LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Compounds 1 and 9 exhibited notable NO production inhibition with IC50 values of 15.6 and 7.3 μM, respectively. Moreover, the interactions of some bioactive diterpenoids with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were explored by employing molecular docking studies.https://pubs.acs.org/journal/jnprdf2021-09-29hj2021Plant Production and Soil Scienc

Diterpenoids from the leaves of Casearia kurzii showing cytotoxic activities

A phytochemical investigation to obtain bioactive substances as lead compounds or agents for cancer led to the obtainment of six new and two known clerodane diterpenoids from the leaves of Casearia kurzii. Their structures were elucidated using NMR techniques and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The subsequent biological cytotoxicity evaluation of these isolates toward human lung cancer A549, human cervical cancer HeLa, human chronic myeloid leukemia K562, and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 was carried out. The most active compound 4 with an IC50 value of 9.7 μM against HepG2 cells was selected to examine the cytotoxic mechanism, which induced the apoptosis and arrested the HepG2 cell cycle at S stage. The in vivo zebrafish experiments revealed that compound 4 had the property of inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration.The National Key Research and Development Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hundred Young Academic Leaders Program of Nankai University, the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources and the open project of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.http://www.elsevier.com/ locate/bmclhj2021Plant Production and Soil Scienc

Caseahomopene A, a ring-expanded homotriterpenoid from Casearia kurzii showing anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo

Caseahomopene A (1), a rare natural product with a ring-expanded homotriterpenoid skeleton, was isolated from the leaves of Casearia kurzii. The structure including the absolute configuration was determined by spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography analysis. Compound 1 showed anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo using LPS-stimulated cell and zebrafish model. As a potential anti-inflammatory agent, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 1 was also investigated.The National Key Research and Development Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China, Hundred Young Academic Leaders Program of Nankai University, and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines (Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College).http://www.elsevier.com/ locate/bmcl2021-05-01hj2021Plant Production and Soil Scienc

Bioactive Terpenoids from <i>Salvia plebeia</i>: Structures, NO Inhibitory Activities, and Interactions with iNOS

A phytochemical investigation to obtain new NO inhibitors resulted in the identification of six new (<b>1</b>–<b>6</b>) and four known (<b>7</b>–<b>10</b>) terpenoids from <i>Salvia plebeia</i>. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> are new diterpenoids, <b>3</b>–<b>5</b> are new meroditerpenoids, <b>6</b>–<b>9</b> are sesquiterpenoids, and <b>10</b> is a known meroditerpenoid. The structures of these isolates were determined by routine NMR experiments and X-ray diffraction, as well as the electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> are diterpenoids carrying an oxygen bridge, and <b>6</b> is a rare copane-type sesquiterpenoid with a bridged tricyclic framework. The isolates inhibited NO generation induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 cells. The possible mechanism of NO inhibition of some bioactive compounds was also investigated using molecular docking, which revealed interactions of bioactive compounds with the iNOS protein

Bioactive Terpenoids from <i>Salvia plebeia</i>: Structures, NO Inhibitory Activities, and Interactions with iNOS

A phytochemical investigation to obtain new NO inhibitors resulted in the identification of six new (<b>1</b>–<b>6</b>) and four known (<b>7</b>–<b>10</b>) terpenoids from <i>Salvia plebeia</i>. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> are new diterpenoids, <b>3</b>–<b>5</b> are new meroditerpenoids, <b>6</b>–<b>9</b> are sesquiterpenoids, and <b>10</b> is a known meroditerpenoid. The structures of these isolates were determined by routine NMR experiments and X-ray diffraction, as well as the electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> are diterpenoids carrying an oxygen bridge, and <b>6</b> is a rare copane-type sesquiterpenoid with a bridged tricyclic framework. The isolates inhibited NO generation induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 cells. The possible mechanism of NO inhibition of some bioactive compounds was also investigated using molecular docking, which revealed interactions of bioactive compounds with the iNOS protein