イネの根における塩排除効率のイオン種による差異

We investigated the exclusion rate of some ion species in order to discover the features of salt exclusion in rice roots. TSCF of each cation was negatively correlated with the transpiration rate as in the case of Na+. These results indicated that ion exclusion rates change with the transpiration rate. At the same transpiration rate, TSCF of IR28 was lower than that of KR1, which indicated that exclusion efficiency was essentially higher in IR28. The differences in TSCF of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ between both varieties were relatively small compared with those of Na+ and Li+. These results indicated that the difference in exclusion rate between varieties was affected by ion species. TSCF at the same transpiration rate seemed to be larger with the decrease in radius of hydrated ion. From these results, it was suggested that the exclusion system of Na+ in rice under saline conditions also works for K+, Li+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and is driven by transpiration. It was also noted that exclusion may be affected by the radius of hydrated ion

Effects of Irradiation with Ultraviolet-A Lamp on Coloration of Grape Berries during Maturation

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation with ultraviolet-A (UV-A) on berry growth, the total soluble solids and titratable acidity of the juice, and anthocyanin contents of berry skins in 'Gros Colman' (Vitis vinifera) and 'Pione' (V.labruscana × V.vinifera) grapes. Clusters of mature 'Gros colman' and 'Pione' vines grown in glass or plastic film houses were irradiated with UV-A lamp in the daytime for 10 and 4 weeks during maturation, respectively. In 'Gros Colman' grapes, irradiation with UV-A markedly increased anthocyanin content in berry skins with the days after irradiation, and anthocyanin level in the skin of clusters irradiated with UV-A was four times that of control clusters at four weeks after treatment. At harvest, berries from exposed-side of UV-A irradiated clusters had the highest anthocyanin in the skin followed in the skill followed in descending order by exposed-side of non-irradiated clusters (control), and non-exposed-side of control and UV-A irradiated clusters. By contrast, anthocyanin content in the skin of 'Pione' grapes was not affected by irradiation with UV-A throughout the experiment. In both cultivars, no significant difference in either berry growth, the contents of total soluble solids or titratable acidity of the juice were observed among the treatments. Based on the results, the relationship between coloration og grape berries and UV-A irradiation during maturation is discussed.ブドウ果実の着色に及ぼす紫外光の影響を明らかにするため，成熟開始後に‘グロー・コールマン’では10週間，‘ピオーネ’では４週間，UV-Aを昼間だけ照射した．‘グロー・コールマン’の場合，照射果房のアントシアニン含量は，処理開始１週間後には対照果房よりも多くなり，４週間後には対照果房の約４倍に達した．収穫時のアントシアニン含量は，照射果房の照射側で最も多く，次いで対照果房の照射側，および照射果房と対照果房の無照射側の順であった．しかし，‘ピオーネ’では処理期間を通して，UV-A照射によるアントシアニンの増加は認められなかった．いずれの品種においても，UV-A照射は果実重，果汁の糖および酸含量には影響しなかった．以上の結果を基に，ブドウ果実の着色とUV-A照射との関係について考察した

Separated Transcriptomes of Male Gametophyte and Tapetum in Rice: Validity of a Laser Microdissection (LM) Microarray

In flowering plants, the male gametophyte, the pollen, develops in the anther. Complex patterns of gene expression in both the gametophytic and sporophytic tissues of the anther regulate this process. The gene expression profiles of the microspore/pollen and the sporophytic tapetum are of particular interest. In this study, a microarray technique combined with laser microdissection (44K LM-microarray) was developed and used to characterize separately the transcriptomes of the microspore/pollen and tapetum in rice. Expression profiles of 11 known tapetum specific-genes were consistent with previous reports. Based on their spatial and temporal expression patterns, 140 genes which had been previously defined as anther specific were further classified as male gametophyte specific (71 genes, 51%), tapetum-specific (seven genes, 5%) or expressed in both male gametophyte and tapetum (62 genes, 44%). These results indicate that the 44K LM-microarray is a reliable tool to analyze the gene expression profiles of two important cell types in the anther, the microspore/pollen and tapetum

Comprehensive Network Analysis of Anther-Expressed Genes in Rice by the Combination of 33 Laser Microdissection and 143 Spatiotemporal Microarrays

Co-expression networks systematically constructed from large-scale transcriptome data reflect the interactions and functions of genes with similar expression patterns and are a powerful tool for the comprehensive understanding of biological events and mining of novel genes. In Arabidopsis (a model dicot plant), high-resolution co-expression networks have been constructed from very large microarray datasets and these are publicly available as online information resources. However, the available transcriptome data of rice (a model monocot plant) have been limited so far, making it difficult for rice researchers to achieve reliable co-expression analysis. In this study, we performed co-expression network analysis by using combined 44 K agilent microarray datasets of rice, which consisted of 33 laser microdissection (LM)-microarray datasets of anthers, and 143 spatiotemporal transcriptome datasets deposited in RicexPro. The entire data of the rice co-expression network, which was generated from the 176 microarray datasets by the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) method with the mutual rank (MR)-based cut-off, contained 24,258 genes and 60,441 genes pairs. Using these datasets, we constructed high-resolution co-expression subnetworks of two specific biological events in the anther, “meiosis” and “pollen wall synthesis”. The meiosis network contained many known or putative meiotic genes, including genes related to meiosis initiation and recombination. In the pollen wall synthesis network, several candidate genes involved in the sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway were efficiently identified. Hence, these two subnetworks are important demonstrations of the efficiency of co-expression network analysis in rice. Our co-expression analysis included the separated transcriptomes of pollen and tapetum cells in the anther, which are able to provide precise information on transcriptional regulation during male gametophyte development in rice. The co-expression network data presented here is a useful resource for rice researchers to elucidate important and complex biological events

ヒガシ ドロンイングモードランド セール・ロンダーネ サンチ チガク チョウサタイ ホウコク 2009–2010(JARE-51)

セール・ロンダーネ山地は,東南極・東ドロンイングモードランドに位置している.第51 次日本南極地域観測隊(JARE-51)夏隊の一部は2009-2010年の夏期に,セール・ロンダーネ山地においてベルギー南極観測隊(BELARE)との国際共同により地質,地形,隕石探査の地学野外調査を実施した.地質隊と地形隊はドロンイングモードランド航空ネットワーク(DROMLAN)によりセール・ロンダーネ山地に赴き,隕石探査隊は日本の新南極観測船「しらせ」の処女航海として南極に到着した.地質隊は山地東部を含むセール・ロンダーネ山地のほぼ全域をカバーし,地形隊は山地の西部および中央部で調査を行った.隕石探査隊は山地東部で調査を行った.野外活動は安全かつ成功裏に終了した.地質隊の一部はDROMLAN により帰国し,他のメンバーはセール・ロンダーネ山地からDROMLAN により昭和基地へ離脱したのち,「しらせ」により帰国した.本稿では設営,気象を含めた野外行動全般について報告する.Earth science-related field activities, involving geology, geomorphology and meteorite searches, were carried out in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Eastern Dronning Maud Land, during the 2009-2010 summer season as a part of the 51st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-51), in collaboration with the Belgian Antarctic Research Expedition (BELARE). Geology and geomorphology parties accessed the Sør Rondane Mountains using the Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN), and the meteoritesearch party to Antarctica on the maiden voyage by the new Japanese icebreaker Shirase. The geology party covered the entire area of the Sør Rondane Mountains, although with an emphasis on the eastern part. The geomorphology party carried out fieldwork in western and central parts of the mountains, and the meteorite search party performed a survey in the eastern part. All field activities were succes fully carried out. Some of the geology members returned to Japan by DROMLAN, while others flew to Syowa Station from the Sør Rondane Mountains by DROMLAN, and then returned to Japan on board Shirase. This report provides a summary of the field operations, including logistics and weather records