The American Board\u27s single missionary women in American Indian missions, 1810–1860

Between 1810 and 1860 in American Indian missions, single missionary women comprised half of the female workforce in the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). Because the ABCFM operated as a business for converting and assimilating American Indians, it hired single women to perform vital and various tasks. Missionary couples requested that the ABCFM appoint single women to teach, perform domestic work, and care for mission children. Biographically, they resembled each other, but their reasons for becoming missionaries varied. Some single women became missionaries after lifelong dreams, but others because the suggestion was made. As workers, some were better received than others. Familial and social connections and the demand for their help often determined how single missionary women were perceived. Their history reveals as much about the past as it does professionalism, manipulation, and human nature

Stem cells in veterinary medicine

The stem cell field in veterinary medicine continues to evolve rapidly both experimentally and clinically. Stem cells are most commonly used in clinical veterinary medicine in therapeutic applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses and dogs. New technologies of assisted reproduction are being developed to apply the properties of spermatogonial stem cells to preserve endangered animal species. The same methods can be used to generate transgenic animals for production of pharmaceuticals or for use as biomedical models. Small and large animal species serve as valuable models for preclinical evaluation of stem cell applications in human beings and in veterinary patients in areas such as spinal cord injury and myocardial infarction. However, these applications have not been implemented in the clinical treatment of veterinary patients. Reviews on the use of animal models for stem cell research have been published recently. Therefore, in this review, animal model research will be reviewed only in the context of supporting the current clinical application of stem cells in veterinary medicine

Introduction to Postcolonial Ecocriticism among Settler-Colonial Nations

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Protecting elderly homeowners : reverse equity mortgages as a foreclosure intervention tool

Homeowners facing foreclosure by definition are short on money and vulnerable. As many homeowners face economic instability due to the "Great Recession" and have an increased need for cash flow, they become more susceptible to losing their homes due to mortgage delinquency, foreclosure, or predatory lending practices. Elderly homeowners are especially susceptible as over 684,000 homeowners age 50 and over were delinquent, in foreclosure, or lost their home. Reverse equity mortgages may be solution for elderly homeowners that will allow them to increase their cash flow while at the same time reduce the risk of them losing their homes to foreclosure. This project targeted elderly homeowners 62 years old and older who are at risk of losing their home to foreclosure in Indiana and state certified housing counselors. The project provided training to state certified housing counselors on two training curriculums. One curriculum focused on conducting reverse equity mortgage classes with elderly homeowners to raise their awareness about reverse equity mortgages. This curriculum was based on a similar structure to traditional pre-purchase housing counseling classes. The second curriculum focused on one-on-one counseling techniques and screening foreclosure clients to evaluate whether reverse equity mortgages are a viable foreclosure intervention tool. As a result of training received by state certified housing counselors, two elderly homeowners have avoided foreclosure in Indiana within two months of the training. (Author abstract)Travis, L. (2010). Protecting elderly homeowners: Reverse equity mortgages as a foreclosure. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen

Image-Processing Techniques for the Creation of Presentation-Quality Astronomical Images

The quality of modern astronomical data, the power of modern computers and the agility of current image-processing software enable the creation of high-quality images in a purely digital form. The combination of these technological advancements has created a new ability to make color astronomical images. And in many ways it has led to a new philosophy towards how to create them. A practical guide is presented on how to generate astronomical images from research data with powerful image-processing programs. These programs use a layering metaphor that allows for an unlimited number of astronomical datasets to be combined in any desired color scheme, creating an immense parameter space to be explored using an iterative approach. Several examples of image creation are presented. A philosophy is also presented on how to use color and composition to create images that simultaneously highlight scientific detail and are aesthetically appealing. This philosophy is necessary because most datasets do not correspond to the wavelength range of sensitivity of the human eye. The use of visual grammar, defined as the elements which affect the interpretation of an image, can maximize the richness and detail in an image while maintaining scientific accuracy. By properly using visual grammar, one can imply qualities that a two-dimensional image intrinsically cannot show, such as depth, motion and energy. In addition, composition can be used to engage viewers and keep them interested for a longer period of time. The use of these techniques can result in a striking image that will effectively convey the science within the image, to scientists and to the public.Comment: 104 pages, 38 figures, submitted to A