1,245 research outputs found
Gapless Magnetic and Quasiparticle Excitations due to the Coexistence of Antiferromagnetism and Superconductivity in CeRhIn : A study of In-NQR under Pressure
We report systematic measurements of ac-susceptibility,
nuclear-quadrupole-resonance spectrum, and nuclear-spin-lattice-relaxation time
() on the pressure ()- induced heavy-fermion (HF) superconductor
CeRhIn. The temperature () dependence of at = 1.6 GPa has
revealed that antiferromagnetism (AFM) and superconductivity (SC) coexist
microscopically, exhibiting the respective transition at K and
= 0.9 K. It is demonstrated that SC does not yield any trace of gap
opening in low-lying excitations below K, but K, followed by a = const law. These results point to the
unconventional characteristics of SC coexisting with AFM. We highlight that
both of the results deserve theoretical work on the gapless nature in low-lying
excitation spectrum due to the coexistence of AFM and SC and the lack of the
mean-field regime below K.Comment: 4pages,5figures,revised versio
A theory of new type of heavy-electron superconductivity in PrOs_4Sb_12: quadrupolar-fluctuation mediated odd-parity pairings
It is shown that unconventional nature of superconducting state of
PrOs_4Sb_12, a Pr-based heavy electron compound with the filled-Skutterudite
structure, can be explained in a unified way by taking into account the
structure of the crystalline-electric-field (CEF) level, the shape of the Fermi
surface determined by the band structure calculation, and a picture of the
quasiparticles in f-configuration with magnetically singlet CEF ground
state. Possible types of pairing are narrowed down by consulting recent
experimental results. In particular, the chiral "p"-wave states such as
p_x+ip_y is favoured under the magnetic field due to the orbital Zeeman effect,
while the "p"-wave states with two-fold symmetery such as p_x can be stabilized
by a feedback effect without the magnetic field. It is also discussed that the
double superconducting transition without the magnetic field is possible due to
the spin-orbit coupling of the "triplet" Cooper pairs in the chiral state.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted to J. Phys.: Condens. Matter Lette
Unconventional Superconductivity in Heavy Fermion Systems
We review the studies on the emergent phases of superconductvity and
magnetism in the -electron derived heavy-fermion (HF) systems by means of
the nuclear-quadrupole-resonance (NQR) under pressure. These studies have
unraveled a rich variety of the phenomena in the ground state of HF systems. In
this article, we highlight the novel phase diagrams of magnetism and
unconventional superconductivity (SC) in CeCuSi, HF antiferromagnets
CeRhIn, and CeIn. A new light is shed on the difference and common
features on the interplay between magnetism and SC on the magnetic criticality.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. JPN, 74, No.1
(2005), special issue "Kondo Effect- 40 Years after the Discovery
Criterion for weak spin-orbit coupling in heavy-fermion superconductivity: A numerical renormalization-group study
A criterion for effective irrelevancy of the spin-orbit coupling in the
heavy-fermion superconductivity is discussed on the basis of the impurity
Anderson model with two sets of Kramers doublets. Using Wilson's numerical
renormalization-group method, we demonstrate a formation of the quasiparticle
as well as the renormalization of the rotational symmetry-breaking interaction
in the lower Kramers doublet (quasispin) space. A comparison with the quasispin
conserving interaction exhibits the effective irrelevancy of the
symmetry-breaking interaction for the splitting of two doublets Delta larger
than the characteristic energy of the local spin fluctuation T_K. The formula
for the ratio of two interactions is also determined.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures (2 color figures
Interplay of Spin-Orbit Interaction and Electron Correlation on the Van Vleck Susceptibility in Transition Metal Compounds
We have studied the effects of electron correlation on Van Vleck
susceptibility () in transition metal compounds. A typical
crossover behavior is found for the correlation effect on as
sweeping spin-orbit interaction, . For a small , orbital
fluctuation plays a dominant role in the correlation enhancement of
; however, the enhancement rate is rather small. In contrast,
for an intermediate , shows a substantial increase,
accompanied by the development of spin fluctuation. We will discuss the
behavior of in association with the results of Knight-shift
experiments on SrRuO and an anomalously large magnetic susceptibility
observed for Ir compounds.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Role of spin-orbit coupling on the spin triplet pairing in Na_{x}CoO_{2}yH_{2}O I: d-vector under zero magnetic field
The d-vector in possibile spin triplet superconductor Na_{x}CoO_{2}yH_{2}O is
microscopically investigated on the basis of the multi-orbital Hubbard model
including the atomic spin-orbit coupling. As a result of the perturbation
theory, we obtain the stable spin triplet superconductivity where the p-wave
and f-wave states can be stabilized. If we neglect the spin-orbit coupling,
superconducting state has 6-fold (3-fold) degeneracy in the p-wave (f-wave)
state. This degeneracy is lifted by the spin-orbit coupling. We determine the
d-vector within the linearlized Dyson-Gorkov equation. It is shown that the
d-vector is always along the plane when the pairing symmetry is p-wave, while
it depends on the parameters in case of the f-wave state. The lifting of
degeneracy is significant in the p-wave state while it is very small in the
f-wave state. This is because the first order term with respect to the
spin-orbit coupling is effective in the former case, while it is ineffective in
the latter case. The consistency of these results with NMR and \muSR
measurements are discussed.Comment: To appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74 (2005) No.
ASTROD and ASTROD I -- Overview and Progress
In this paper, we present an overview of ASTROD (Astrodynamical Space Test of
Relativity using Optical Devices) and ASTROD I mission concepts and studies.
The missions employ deep-space laser ranging using drag-free spacecraft to map
the gravitational field in the solar-system. The solar-system gravitational
field is determined by three factors: the dynamic distribution of matter in the
solar system; the dynamic distribution of matter outside the solar system
(galactic, cosmological, etc.) and gravitational waves propagating through the
solar system. Different relativistic theories of gravity make different
predictions of the solar-system gravitational field. Hence, precise
measurements of the solar-system gravitational field test all these. The tests
and observations include: (i) a precise determination of the relativistic
parameters beta and gamma with 3-5 orders of magnitude improvement over
previous measurements; (ii) a 1-2 order of magnitude improvement in the
measurement of G-dot; (iii) a precise determination of any anomalous, constant
acceleration Aa directed towards the Sun; (iv) a measurement of solar angular
momentum via the Lense-Thirring effect; (v) the detection of solar g-mode
oscillations via their changing gravity field, thus, providing a new eye to see
inside the Sun; (vi) precise determination of the planetary orbit elements and
masses; (viii) better determination of the orbits and masses of major
asteroids; (ix) detection and observation of gravitational waves from massive
black holes and galactic binary stars in the frequency range 0.05 mHz to 5 mHz;
and (x) exploring background gravitational-waves.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, presented to The Third International ASTROD
Symposium on Laser Astrodynamics, Space Test of Relativity and
Gravitational-Wave Astronomy, Beijing, July 14-16, 2006; International
Journal of Modern Physics D, in press (2008
Emergent Weyl fermion excitations in TaP explored by 181Ta quadrupole resonance
T. K., Y. K., and H. T. appreciate the financial support from JSPS KAKENHI Grants (No. 15K21732 and No. 15H05885). D. K. acknowledges funding via FOR 1346 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.The 181Ta quadrupole resonance [nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR)] technique is utilized to investigate the microscopic magnetic properties of the Weyl semimetal TaP. We find three zero-field NQR signals associated with the transition between the quadrupole split levels for Ta with I=7/2 nuclear spin. A quadrupole coupling constant, νQ=19.250 MHz, and an asymmetric parameter of the electric field gradient, η=0.423, are extracted, in good agreement with band structure calculations. In order to examine the magnetic excitations, the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1T) is measured for the f2 line (±5/2↔±3/2 transition). We find that there exist two regimes with quite different relaxation processes. Above T∗≈30 K, a pronounced (1/T1T) α T2 behavior is found, which is attributed to the magnetic excitations at the Weyl nodes with temperature-dependent orbital hyperfine coupling. Below T∗, the relaxation is mainly governed by a Korringa process with 1/T1T=const, accompanied by an additional T-1/2-type dependence to fit our experimental data. We show that Ta NQR is a novel probe for the bulk Weyl fermions and their excitations.PostprintPeer reviewe
Quasiparticle spin susceptibility in heavy-fermion superconductors : An NMR study compared with specific heat results
Quasi-particle spin susceptibility () for various heavy-fermion
(HF) superconductors are discussed on the basis of the experimental results of
electronic specific heat (), NMR Knight shift () and NMR
relaxation rate () within the framework of the Fermi liquid model for a
Kramers doublet crystal electric field (CEF) ground state.
is calculated from the enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient and
from the quasi-particle Korringa relation
via the relation of
where is the hyperfine
coupling constant, the Abogadoro's number and the Bohr magneton.
For the even-parity (spin-singlet) superconductors CeCuSi, CeCoIn
and UPdAl, the fractional decrease in the Knight shift, , below the superconducting transition temperature () is due to
the decrease of the spin susceptibility of heavy quasi-particle estimated
consistently from and . This result
allows us to conclude that the heavy quasi-particles form the spin-singlet
Cooper pairs in CeCuSi, CeCoIn and UPdAl. On the other
hand, no reduction in the Knight shift is observed in UPt and
UNiAl, nevertheless the estimated values of and
are large enough to be probed experimentally. The odd-parity
superconductivity is therefore concluded in these compounds. The NMR result
provides a convincing way to classify the HF superconductors into either even-
or odd- parity paring together with the identification for the gap structure,
as long as the system has Kramers degeneracy.Comment: 11 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures, RevTex4(LaTex2e
Effects of Impurities with Singlet-Triplet Configuration on Multiband Superconductors
Roles of multipole degrees of freedom in multiband superconductors are
investigated in a case of impurities whose low-lying states consist of singlet
ground and triplet excited states, which is related to the experimental fact
that the transition temperature is increased by Pr substitution for
La in LaOsSb. The most important contribution to the
increase comes from the inelastic interband scattering of electrons coupled to
quadrupole or octupole moments of impurities. It is found that a magnetic field
modifies an effective pairing interaction and the scattering anisotropy appears
in the field-orientation dependence of the upper critical field
in the vicinity of , although a uniaxial anisotropic field is
required for experimental detection. This would be proof that the Pr internal
degrees of freedom are relevant to the stability of superconductivity in
(LaPr)OsSb.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
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