Simulación y predicción de indicadores de gestión financiera en PYMES mediante el uso de Redes Neuronales Artificiales

[ES] En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de un modelo que facilita la evaluación y predicción de indicadores financieros y de gestión de las PYMES. El modelo se basa en el uso de Redes Neuronales Artificiales como herramienta de minería de datos que, con base en los estados financieros de una empresa, contribuye a la evaluación y predicción de indicadores de su liquidez, deuda, rendimiento, eficiencia y rentabilidad. Así mismo, se incluye un análisis Monte Carlo del comportamiento del modelo. Todo ello se realiza en el marco del sistema DuPont.[EN] In this work an analysis of a model that facilitates the evaluation and prediction of financial and management indicators of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is carried out. The model is based on the use of Artificial Neural Networks as a data mining tool that, based on the financial statements of a company, contributes to the evaluation and prediction of indicators of its liquidity, debt, performance, efficiency and profitability. Likewise, a Monte Carlo analysis of the behavior of the model is included. All this is done within the framework of the DuPont system.Torriente García, I. (2021). Simulación y predicción de indicadores de gestión financiera en PYMES mediante el uso de Redes Neuronales Artificiales. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/173994TFG

Experimenting with RC and RL series circuits using smartphones as function generators and oscilloscopes

Simple, portable and low-cost experiments as RC and RL series circuits are proposed as examples to experiment with DC circuits. Very common elements are used: few electronics components (resistors, capacitors, coils and connecting wires) and two martphones. We consider the charging and discharging of a capacitor in the RC circuit and also that of coil in the RL circuit. Using a smartphone as a oscilloscope we observe voltages variations which are the transient response to a square signal generated in the second smartphones. These voltage variations are directly related to the electrostatic or magnetic energy stored in the circuits. The experimental data have been collected with the smartphone used as an oscilloscope. This approach which avoids the use of expensive signal generators, oscilloscopes, or any specialized hardware can be performed in less-favored contexts and even as a home assignment.Comment: 7 pages, 7 fig

A science lab in your pocket

[EN] In today's digital society, smartphones are a fundamental technological tool in our daily work; and not just as a means of communication. We also wake up with our mobile phones, we check our mail, we examine WhatsApp, we attend social networks, we listen to music, we examine the agenda, we read the news, etc. In short, the mobile has become a fundamental element in our lives; and much more among the youth. Thus, to the extent that we can introduce the mobile in the classroom, always in a controlled way, the students will feel much more comfortable, allowing the teaching-learning process to be much more attractive and, therefore, more profitable. The simulation of physical processes through virtual laboratories would be a way of integrating these devices in the classroom. As we will see below, the students' own smartphones can also be used as a measuring instrument in real laboratory practices (outside the virtual world) thanks to sensors that these devices have integrated.[ES] En la sociedad digital actual, los smartphones o teléfonos inteligentes son una herramienta tecnológica fundamental en nuestro quehacer diario; y no solo como medio de comunicación. También nos despertamos con el móvil, miramos el correo, examinamos el WhatsApp, atendemos las redes sociales, escuchamos música, consultamos la agenda, leemos las noticias, etc. En definitiva, el móvil se ha convertido en un elemento fundamental en nuestras vidas; y mucho más entre la juventud. Así pues, en la medida en que podamos introducir el móvil a las aulas, siempre de forma controlada, el alumnado se sentirá mucho más cómodo, y esto permitirá que el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje sea mucho más atractivo y, por ende, más provechoso. La simulación de procesos físicos a través de laboratorios virtuales sería una vía de integración de estos dispositivos en el aula. Como veremos a continuación, también se pueden utilizar los smartphones de los propios alumnos como instrumento de medida en prácticas de laboratorio reales (fuera del mundo virtual) gracias a sensores que llevan integrados estos dispositivos.Marin Sepulveda, C.; Torriente García, I.; Salinas Marín, I.; Cuenca Gotor, VP.; Giménez Valentín, MH.; Sans Tresserras, JÁ.; Castro Palacio, JC.... (2022). Un laboratorio de ciencias en tu bolsillo. En LIBRO DE ACTAS. Jornadas Hacia una Nueva Cultura Científica. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 43-51. https://doi.org/10.4995/NCC2022.2022.15880435

Caracterización acústica del frenado magnético con un smartphone

[ES] Utilizaremos la resonancia de las ondas sonoras en una columna de aire para estudiar la velocidad terminal de un imán que cae en el interior de un tubo de aluminio (no ferromagnético). Se utiliza un smartphone para generar y analizar las ondas sonoras. De la comparación con la velocidad calculada utilizando un método alternativo se obtiene una diferencia porcentual de 1.14 %, lo que valida la posible utilización de la experiencia presentada en este artículo como práctica de laboratorio.[EN] In this article we will use the resonance of sound waves in a column of air to calculate the terminal velocity of a magnet falling inside an aluminium tube. The sound waves are generated and analysed with a smartphone. The comparison with the velocity obtained using an alternative method yields a 1.14 % of percentage difference. This result validates the possible use of the experience presented in this article as a physics laboratory for the first physics courses at the university level.Marín-Sepúlveda, CF.; Torriente-García, I.; Castro-Palacio, JC.; Salinas Marín, I.; Monsoriu Serra, JA. (2022). Caracterización acústica del frenado magnético con un smartphone. EscuelaTécnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño. Universitat Politècnica de València. 214-219. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/19175721421

Experimenting with RC and RL series circuits using smartphones as signal generators and oscilloscopes

Simple, portable and low-cost experiments as RC and RL series circuits are proposed to experiment with DC circuits. Very common elements are used: a few electronics components (resistors, capacitors, coils and connecting wires) and two smartphones. We consider the charging and discharging of a capacitor in the RC circuit and also that of coil in the RL circuit. Using a smartphone as an oscilloscope we observe voltages variations which are the transient response to a square signal generated in the second smartphone. These voltage variations are directly related to the electrostatic or magnetic energy stored in the circuits. The experimental data have been collected with the smartphone used as an oscilloscope and corroborated with theoretical predictions based on Kirchhoff’s laws. The comparison showed differences of the order of the 1% or less between the calculated capacitance or inductance compared to the manufacturer values. This approach which avoids the use of expensive signal generators, oscilloscopes, or any specialized hardware can be performed in less-favored contexts and even as a home assignment