Dynamic Deformation Characteristics of Rockfill Materials from Laboratory Test, In-Situ Test and Earthquake Motion Analysis

On dynamic analyses of rockfill dams, dynamic deformation characteristics of rockfill materials such as shear moduli and damping ratios must be known to make analysis more accurate. In this study, large-scale cyclic triaxial tests were carried out using rockfill materials of actual dams, and the results were compared with the dynamic deformation characteristics obtained by in-situ geophysical explorations and response analyses of earthquake motions observed at dams. Furthermore, the radiation damping ratio was estimated from response analyses and laboratory tests, and then the frequency and strain dependency characteristics of the radiation damping were evaluated

ハッタツ ショウガイ ケイコウ ト ソーシャル サポート ガ シシュンキ ノ セッショク ショウガイ ケイコウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of developmental disorder tendency and social support on the eating disorder tendency at puberty. In Study 1, we created a scale to measure the AN (Anorexia Nervosa) tendency, BN (Bulimia Nervosa) tendency, ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) tendency, AD/HD (Attention Deficit/Hyper Activity Disorder) tendency, and social support for healthy junior high school students. In Study 2, using a measure that was created in study 1, a questionnaire survey was conducted in healthy junior high school students. 211 students participated. As a result, tendency towards AN was higher in the group with high social support than in the group with low social support. In addition, tendency towards AN and BN was higher in the group with high AD/HD tendency and high social support than in the group with low AD/HD group and low social support

ネガティブナ ハンスウ ケイコウ ト イカリ ノ カンレン : イカリ ノ ニンチ カンジョウ コウドウ ニ カンスル ケントウ

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the negative rumination trait (NRT) and anger expression as well as examining an influence of the NRT on cognitive and emotional aspects of anger in anger provoking situation. In the experiment, the 18 participants were male undergraduate students. The NRT scale was used to assess the NRT. The participants were divided into two groups (high NRT, low NRT) based on each participants’ score of the NRT scale. An anger provoking situation which was a recorded conversation was presented to the participants. Then, state anger levels and automatic thoughts were measured during anger provoking situations. Results of this study showed that no difference of anger expression and state anger reduced significantly during rumination regardless of high or low NRT. Moreover, automatic thoughts in the anger provoking situations were analyzed using text mining. Result of text mining indicated that the low NRT group judged the situation in an objective perspective. In contrast, the high NRT group set up automatic thoughts about induced-anger and judgments on their situations. From these results, while there was no difference in the duration of state anger, it was suggested that participants had potential to ruminate in cognitive aspects

ジドウ シコウ オヨビ セイリテキ ヘンカ ニオケル シット ト イカリ ノ サイ ノ ケントウ

The purpose of this study was examine to the relationship between anger and jealousy in terms of automatic thoughts and physiological changes. The participants were 37 undergraduate students(14 males and 23 females). Measures used were the enviousness scale for elementary and junior high school pupils and the trait anger scale for the anger scales. The participants were divided into four groups(listed in order to anger, jealousy high-high, high-low, low-high, low-low)on the basis of their average scores on the enviousness scale and the trait anger scale. The participants were presented with anger and jealousy situations which were made into recorded speech. Then,ventricular rate, anger and jealousy levels, and automatic thoughts among presented situation were measured. Results showed that the ventricular rate in anger, jealousy situation were higher than the ventricular rate at rest. Moreover the ventricular rate in anger situation tended to be higher than in jealousy situations. Additionally, automatic thoughts at anger and jealousy situation were analyzed by text mining. Many of the automatic thoughts in anger situations were related to other people, and many of the automatic thoughts in jealousy situations were related to oneself, followed by a relation to others as a comparison. From these results, there was a difference between automatic thoughts in anger situation and automatic thoughts in jealousy situations. Plutichilk(1980) pointed out that feelings other than the fundamental feelings were produced by a combination of fundamental feelings or fundamental feeling combined with other components. This study suggested that jealousy was evoked with anger through comparison with others

NIRS during cognitive tasks might predict drug response in OCD

Objective: We investigated oxyhemoglobin change in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) who showed different responses to pharmacotherapy during neuropsychological tasks with near-infrared spectroscopy. Subjects and methods: A total of 42 patients with OCD (mean age: 35.6±9.6 years, 14 men, 28 women) and healthy control subjects (mean age: 35.4±9.7 years, 13 men, 29 women) were selected. Patients with OCD were divided into three groups (responders to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), responders to SSRIs with antipsychotics, and nonresponders to SSRIs and SSRIs with antipsychotics) based on pharmacological response. We investigated oxyhemoglobin change in the PFC of subjects during Stroop tasks and a verbal fluency test with near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: Responders to SSRIs showed smaller activation compared to control subjects during the Stroop incongruent task and verbal fluency test, but not during the Stroop congruent task. In contrast, responders to SSRIs with antipsychotics showed smaller activation compared to control subjects during all three tasks. Conclusion: Our results suggest that activation of the PFC during Stroop tasks might predict responses to pharmacotherapy of patients with OCD

ダイガクセイ ニオケル スイコウ キノウ ト ショウドウセイ オヨビ テキオウ イヨク ノ カンレン

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between executive function, impulsivity, adjustment and motivation in undergraduates. On the first study, we used three self-report scales to measure impulsivity, adjustment and motivation. The results showed that impulsivity influenced lowering of motivation in undergraduates. On the other hand, a decrease in an adjustment couldn’t be explained only by impulsivity. On the second study, the 23 subjects participated in the experiment. In an experiment, we used two laboratory tasks (Go/No-Go task and delay discounting task) and neuropsychological tests (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Tower of Hanoi and Operation Span Task) to measure aspects of impulsivity and executive function. Results of this study suggested that impulsivity is associated with a decreased ability to alter choice behavior while functioning adaptively

Effect of cognitive function on jumping to conclusion in patients with schizophrenia

The “jumping to conclusion” (JTC) bias is related to the formation and maintenance of delusions. Higher JTC bias can be based on both neurocognitive dysfunction and social cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between JTC bias, neurocognition, and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 22 patients with schizophrenia and 21 controls participated in this study. Neurocognition and social cognition were assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and Social Cognition Screening Questionnaire (SCSQ), respectively. The JTC bias and the decision confidence were assessed using the beads task. The patients were classified into the JTC group (with higher JTC bias; n = 10) and JTC-non group (n = 12). The JTC group scored significantly lower on verbal memory, working memory, and motor speed sub-scores of BACS than the JTC-non group. No difference in social cognition was observed between the two groups. The decision confidence was predicted by metacognition, which is an SCSQ sub-score. Similarly to the patients, the controls were classified into the JTC group (higher JTC bias; n = 9) and the JTC-non group (n = 12). There were no significant differences in neurocognition and social cognition between the control JTC and JTC-non groups. The present results indicated that JTC bias is related to neurocognition and decision confidence is related to social cognition in patients with schizophrenia. These findings may bridge the gaps between psychotic symptom and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia

ダイガクセイ ニオケル テキイ キゾク バイアス ト ニンチ キノウ ノ カンレン

This study examined relationship among hostile attributional bias, anger and cognitive function. In the study 1, we examined relationship between hostile attributional bias and states of anger in university students. As a result, the hostility attribution bias of college students was confirmed. Because there was university students who indicated high hostility attribution in an unclear intention of the other. In addition, the tendency of the university stude nt’s intention attribution is significantly higher in when the other is acquaintance. And, it was indicated that the university students showed more strong hostility attribution bias to friends than the others. A positive correlation was found between hostility attribution bias and state anger. It was shown that the hostility attributable bias group often experiences hostile interpretation, anger feeling even in daily life. In Study 2, we examined the relationship between execution function, hostility attribution bias and anger expression. As the result, high cognitive flexibility group indicated significantly higher score than the low group in unintentional attribution. We examined the relationship between performance function and anger expression, but no significant difference was found. From these results, it is considered that the high cognitive flexibility group can be made various intention attributions in a situation where the intention of the other is unclear

スイコウ キノウ ガ イカリ カンキジ ノ イカリ ノ テイド オヨビ コウドウ ヨクセイ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of executive functions on the intensity of anger and on the inhibitory control over feelings of anger. The participants comprised 13 undergraduate students (6 males and 7 females). Measures used were the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) for executive functions, the trait and state anger scales for anger, and the go/no-go task for inhibitory control. The participants were divided into two groups (high or low executive functions) on the basis of their average scores (± 1/2 SD) on the BADS. The participants were presented with anger-inducing situations that were made into recorded speech. Then, the anger levels within the presented situations and the inhibitory control that was exhibited after the situations were measured. This study suggested that the average anger levels among the high executive functions group were lower than the anger levels of the low executive functions group. In addition, the anger levels after the go/no-go task were observed to be lower in the high executive functions group than in the low executive functions group. These results suggest a difference in anger levels between the high and low executive functions groups in the same anger-inducing situations as well as after problem solving