Acute pulmonary inflammatory response (PMNs) to TiO ; Figure 4 and Figure S-2 (Supplemental Material available online at ) and carbonaceous particles (; ) in rats and mice, with particle number () and () as the dose metric

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Inflammatory Response to TiO and Carbonaceous Particles Scales Best with BET Surface Area"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(6):A290-A291.</p><p>Published online Jan 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1892122.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose</p

PMN cell numbers and IL-1β and MIP2 concentrations are plotted as a function of different characteristics of the instilled UFPs: () primary particle diameter (for an exemplary dose of 20 μg); () OC mass; and () particle surface area (BET)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Instillation of Six Different Ultrafine Carbon Particles Indicates a Surface Area Threshold Dose for Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice"</p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(3):328-333.</p><p>Published online 22 Sep 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1392224.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.</p> Each symbol represents mean values of eight animals. A regression analysis revealed a strong logarithmic relation for the surface area ( = 0.65) and a weaker relation for the organic contribution ( = 0.38)

Threshold for inflammatory response for ufCP shown as the correlation between particle surface area and PMN cell numbers () or IL-1β () or MIP2 () concentrations

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Instillation of Six Different Ultrafine Carbon Particles Indicates a Surface Area Threshold Dose for Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice"</p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(3):328-333.</p><p>Published online 22 Sep 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1392224.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI.</p> Two additional instilled doses of 0.5 and 2 μg, together with 5, 20, and 50 μg ufCP represent BET surface areas of 0.4, 16, 40, 161, and 404 cm, respectively. The dashed line indicates baseline levels of control animals; each circle represents the mean of eight animals

Additional file 1: of No involvement of alveolar macrophages in the initiation of carbon nanoparticle induced acute lung inflammation in mice

Additional Methods. Figure S1. Ultrastructure of CNP-aerosols (A) and aqueous dispersion (B). Figure S2. Enrichment of cell-specific gene expression in CD45- and CD45+ lung cells and total BAL cells. Figure S3. Purity of isolated primary murine ATII cells. Figure S4. Synopsis of gene expression results of all four cell isolation experiments. Figure S5A. Gene expression profile of by BAL macrophages 3 and 12 h after CNP and 12 h after LPS instillation. Figure S5B. BAL neutrophil and macrophage numbers 3 and 12 h after CNP and 12 h after LPS instillation. Figure S6. Detection of inflammatory cell activation by immunostaining, we used NFkB-GFP-reporter mice. Additional Reference. (PDF 541 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

Average Size and size distribution of the used NP. Figure S2. Measurement of cell viability. Figure S3. Exposure to NP reactivates lytic virus in persistently infected cells in vitro in a dose dependent manner. Figure S4. Exposure to NP reactivates lytic virus in persistently infected cells independently of the particle aspect ratio. Figure S5. Short-time exposure of latently infected mice to NP differentially regulates gene expression in whole lung tissue cells independently of the particle aspect ratio. Figure S6. Confirmation of gene expression data by real-time quantitative PCR for selected genes. Figure S7. Exposure of latently infected mice to CNP leads to an increase in glycerophospholipids. Figure S8. Exposure of latently infected mice to DWCNT leads to an increase in glycerophospholipids. Figure S9. Exposure of persistently infected cells to TiO2 NP or DEP has differential effects on virus reactivation in vitro. Table S1. Gene expression values of selected genes (PDF 1767 kb

Dose-response relationships for thetotal protein amount in BALF.

<p>Dose response relationships were determined for the total amount of protein in the BALF (mg/ml) using benchmark dose modelling. A) two independent administrations of non-functionalised ZnO. The similar shape of the curves allowed pooling the data and deriving a single BMD. B) functionalised ZnO and C) Ag. The large symbols represent the (geometric) mean response of the individual responses (small symbols) in each dose group. The vertical dashed lines represent BMD respectively.</p

Light microscopic analysis.

<p>Images of BALF macrophages 24 hours after administration of A) 16 μg/mouse functionalised ZnO and B) 8 μg/mouse Ag.</p

Summary of BMDs of lung BALF parameters.

<p>All benchmark doses (BMD10, μg/mouse) correspond to 10% increase compared to background levels. CI indicates the 90%-confidence interval of the BMD.</p><p>nd—could not be determined, since the data was best described by a horizontal line</p><p>* Pooled data</p><p>Values for % macrophages, CXCL1 and CCL2 are not included as they were either not detectable or were best described by a horizontal design.</p><p>Summary of BMDs of lung BALF parameters.</p

Dose-response relationships for glutathione depletion in the liver.

<p>A) non-functionalised ZnO, B) functionalised ZnO and C) Ag NMs. The large symbols represent the (geometric) mean response of the individual responses (small symbols) in each dose group. The horizontal and vertical dashed lines represent the BMR and BMD respectively.</p

Summary of benchmark dose relationships.

<p>A) non-functionalised ZnO and B) functionalised ZnO (Log scale on the x-axis). BMDs including the confidence interval are plotted for those endpoints for which an effect was found.</p