GLAND CELLS IN HYDRA

The proliferative capacity of gland cells in Hydra attenuata was investigated. The results indicate that both gland cell proliferation and interstitial cell differentiation to gland cells contribute to the maintenance of the whole population. On the basis of [3H]thymidine incorporation and nuclear DNA measurements, gland cells consist of at least three different populations. One population consists of rapidly proliferating cells with a cell cycle of about 72 h. These cells are distributed throughout the body column. In the lower gastric region there is a population of non-cycling cells in G2 while in the upper gastric region there is a population of noncycling cells in G1. About half the G1 population becomes a new antigen, SEC 1, which is typical of mucus cells

Lovetime

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Hot Roasted Peanuts : A Nutty Song With A Crackin\u27 Good Tune

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The Efficacy of Testosterone Replacement vs Aromatase Inhibitors/ SERMs in the Presence of Hypogonadism

The prevalence of male hypogonadism increases with age, although it can occur in any age group. Patients with hypogonadism can experience a wide range of symptoms including mood changes, decreased libido, decreased muscle mass, erectile dysfunction and bone loss. Traditionally, management of this condition has been accomplished through some form of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). While TRT has proven effective at attenuating the symptoms of hypogonadism, it is not without side effects. TRT can at times be expensive, painful, cause gynecomastia, acne, water weight gain and infertility. Recently, medications such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have gained favor as alternative treatments in the presence of secondary hypogonadism. With the addition of these medications, it remains to be seen which of these three forms of treatment is the most efficacious at managing patient symptoms. After a thorough literature review which included searches of Clinical Key, Dynamed Plus, Cochrane Library, PubMed and CINAHL databases, multiple studies were reviewed to determine the effectiveness of the aforementioned treatment modalities. The results of the review discovered that TRT and SERMs are both efficacious at raising testosterone levels, improving libido, lean muscle mass, strength and endurance. SERMs appear to have one advantage over TRT in that they preserve male fertility. The efficacy of the coadministration of AIs and TRT was also examined, however, at the present there is not enough research to determine the efficacy of this treatment. With the addition of off-label therapies such as SERMs, providers will be able to customize a treatment plan for their patients that will provide a continuous steady level of testosterone all the while preserving fertility with the same benefits of TRT

Sweetheart Land

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