A study to assess vaccine wastage in an immunization clinic of tertiary care centre, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Vaccines are one of the most successful and cost-effective health intervention. It becomes imperative that use of vaccine was done through a proper framework of practical decision-making that confers positive health and economic benefits to the society of which Vaccine Wastage was a key factor. The aim of the study is to assess “Vaccine Wastage Rate” and “Wastage Factor” of different vaccines given to beneficiaries in Immunization Clinic and based on the above data, recommend measures to reduce it in the Immunization clinic  Methods: The present study was a Record Based Retrospective study carried out in Immunization Clinic in Madhav Dispensary of tertiary center at Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The data was collected from 1 April 2015 - 31 March 2016.Results: Immunization Sessions were conducted in Immunization clinic during reference period and 7 vaccines BCG, OPV, DPT, Hepatitis B, pentavalent, measles and TT were given. Among individual vaccines, wastage rate and wastage factor in BCG (20.71 and 1.26), OPV (14.65 and 1.17), DPT (15.6 and 1.18), Hepatitis B (10.56 and 1.12), Pentavalent (5.2 and 1.05), Measles (21.68 and 1.28), TT (7.09 and 1.08), and IPV (10.49 and 1.12) was respectively.Conclusions: Vaccine wastage could be expected in all programmes and there should be an acceptable limit of wastage. Innovative techniques to be developed not only to reduce wastage but also the operational cost for convenience of children who were to be vaccinated and parents who bring their children for vaccination without compromising coverage.

Face Mask Detection with alert system using Tensorflow, Keras and OpenCV

As Covid-19 is increasing day by day, it is important to make sure that we should overcome from this. But the question arises here is that how we can overcome from this? like wearing mask, sanitizing ourself, taking necessary precautions and all. Nowadays vaccines are must, do you really think after getting vaccinated you are safe? The answer is no vaccines are to boost up our immunity level, so that if you get infected it will be not much harmful to you, so here we have implemented an application Face mask detection with alert system where we can get to know that whether the person is wearing a mask or not. If person is not wearing a mask in the premises, campus a beep sound is generated to catch that person. In this application a screen is displayed which detects the human face with or without mask and shows the percentage score of the mask worn. This application will be useful for the areas were number of peoples are more like hotels, airport, schools and colleges. Here first the model is trained on a real-world dataset having with or without face mask and then we have trained our model with live video streaming. The accuracy is obtained by increasing and decreasing the epoch value

A study to assess the perceptions of first year medical students for choosing medical school as a career

Background: There are more than 44000 seats in over 350 medical colleges in India for pursuing the MBBS course. Yet medicine is not among the top vocation in most career advisories and the best school students do not aspire to be doctors.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study done on 150 students of first semester of GR Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India on a predesigned or pre validated questionnaire. Only 104 students participated in the study.Results: A total of 104 students participated in the study. Among them, 68 (65.39%) were males and 36 (34.61%) females. The maximum percentage of students was of the age group of 20 years i.e. 26 (25%). The choice of a career in the medical field is a complex personal decision influenced by a multitude of factors. Career choices are influenced by both graduates inclination before starting medical school as well as any exposure during training in medical school.Conclusions: These data showed that the maximum percentages of the Medical Students were satisfied with the medical school as 95 (91.34%) but still some of them have regrets. In choosing medical school they wants to help poor, earn money and personal development, and influenced by some doctor relative. These were important factors for decision making in medical school.

Face Mask Detection with alert system using Tensorflow, Keras and OpenCV

As Covid-19 is increasing day by day, it is important to make sure that we should overcome from this. But the question arises here is that how we can overcome from this? like wearing mask, sanitizing ourself, taking necessary precautions and all. Nowadays vaccines are must, do you really think after getting vaccinated you are safe? The answer is no vaccines are to boost up our immunity level, so that if you get infected it will be not much harmful to you, so here we have implemented an application Face mask detection with alert system where we can get to know that whether the person is wearing a mask or not. If person is not wearing a mask in the premises, campus a beep sound is generated to catch that person. In this application a screen is displayed which detects the human face with or without mask and shows the percentage score of the mask worn. This application will be useful for the areas were number of peoples are more like hotels, airport, schools and colleges. Here first the model is trained on a real-world dataset having with or without face mask and then we have trained our model with live video streaming. The accuracy is obtained by increasing and decreasing the epoch value

A study to assess prevalence of obesity among government employees of medical college in Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: Obesity has become a major chronic disorder affecting the larger population more than any other disease in the world. Objective was to determine the prevalence of obesity among the government employees of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior.Methods: The present study has been undertaken among government employees of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior in which all the employees were interviewed by a predesigned, pre-tested and pre-validated structured Questionnaire. Anthropometric data regarding weight and height was taken. The data was collected and analyzed using statistical software and chi square and other statistical tests were applied.Results: The study shows that among total 215 employees. 35 (21.21%) males and 21 (42%) females were found overweight and obese with the criteria of BMI more than 25 kg/m2.Conclusions: It was concluded from the present study that obesity is a chronic illness. Early detection and appropriate intervention could prevent various complications associated with it. BMI plays a crucial role

A study to assess body mass index and pattern of physical activity among the government employees working at different organizations of Gwalior city

Background: The obesity can be defined simply as the disease in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be adversely affected. Physical activity is a key determinant of energy expenditure, and thus is fundamental to energy balance and weight control. Aims and objectives was to assess the BMI and physical activity among government employees working in different organizations of Gwalior city.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study. Five different government organizations were selected and from each organization 60 participants were selected randomly. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured interview based questionnaire was used for data collection from different participants. WHO BMI classification was used to classify participants.Results: In the present study 44% of the study participants were overweight/ pre-obese while 8.33% and 1.33% were in Obese Class I and Obese Class II respectively. 40.67% were doing physical exercise. The most common type of physical exercise was walking or jogging 72.13%.Conclusions: It was concluded that despite the known fact that obesity could have negative impact on the work capacity and physical fitness, only 40.67% were doing some physical exercise. Employees should be motivated to do daily exercise for the duration of at least 30 minutes

A study to assess awareness regarding eye donation among post graduate medical students admitted through NEET pre PG 2014 of Gajra Raja medical college Gwalior, M.P., India

Background: According to WHO estimates India has 10 million blind populations. Corneal problems cause a significant proportion of blindness in India. Although effective strategies to prevent corneal blindness are likely to be more cost effective, visual rehabilitation by corneal transplantation remains the major treatment for restoring sight in those who already have corneal blindness. The requirement of donor corneas per year is at least 20 times the current procurement. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude of post graduate medical students regarding eye donation and their willingness to pledge eyes for donation.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted using a pretested questionnaire on 116 Post graduate Medical Students but only 106 actually participated in the study.Results: A total of 106 students actually participated in the study. Among them 63 (59.43%) were males and 43 (40.57%) were females. The maximum percentages of the students were of age group 26-29 years. All the students were aware regarding eye donation but still they felt it was necessary to obtain consent from family members.Conclusion: These data showed that although the awareness is good but still there is imperative need to emphasize to evade myths concerning eye donation to promote eye donation.

A study to assess prevalence of obesity among medical students of G.R. medical college, Gwalior, M. P., India

Background: Obesity is emerging as a serious problem throughout the world, not only among adults but also children, teenagers and young adults. Medical education is stressful throughout the whole course of training. Overweight and obesity is one of the preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. The social implications of obesity are a major problem that is often neglected. Objectives of current study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in medical students and to assess the factors influencing the development of overweight and obesity.Methods:The present study was a cross sectional study of IInd semester medical students in which, a total of 131 students were included. The study involved administration of a pretested questionnaire to the students and their anthropometric measurements.Results:In a batch of 150 students 131 participated in the study in which 90 (68.70%) were males and 41 (31.30%) were females. The prevalence of overweight was 13 (9.93%) and the prevalence of obesity was 2 (1.53%).  Conclusion:The study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the medical students. At the time of anthropometric measurements awareness was created for their weight and for the promotion of physical activity among medical students.

Prelabour rupture of membranes at term prospective study of expectant management versus induction of labour

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) complicates 5-10 % of pregnancies. Approximately 60-70 % of term PROM cases are followed by the onset of labor within 24 hours. Diagnosis and proper management is very important. In spite of many studies available in the literature, the clinical management is surprisingly controversial.Methods: Study conducted was prospective randomised controlled trial. Total 150 women were selected fulfilling the inclusion criteria, randomly allotted to the 3 groups. In group A, patients were observed for 24 hours. If labor didn’t supervene in 24 hours since admission, induction of labor was done depending on the bishop’s score. In the group B, labour was induced by vaginal misoprostol 25 micrograms given 4 hourly for 4 doses and in group C, labor was induced by instillation of 0.5mg PGE2 gel in the posterior fornix. The women were observed for onset and progress of labour. Failure of induction was considered if patient was not in established labour within 24 hours of instillation of first dose of cerviprime/misoprostol. Labour was monitored and managed as per hospital protocol. The analysis verified the following variables: duration of latent phase and active phase of labour, mode of delivery (spontaneous/vaccum/forceps/LSCS), third stage complications (PPH/fever/retained placenta), neonatal outcome.Results: Thirty percent women had onset of spontaneous labor during expectant management in group A. The durations of latent phase and active phase of labour were lower in group B and C than group A (9 and 10.4 versus 15 hours; p<0.001) and (4 and 6 versus10 hours; p<0.001), respectively. Immediate induction in group B and C resulted in significantly lower rate of caesarean section (17% and 19% versus 28.5%, P= 0.049) and operative vaginal delivery (5% and 3% versus 13%, P=0.007). Only a few maternal-neonatal infections occurred and no significant difference was noted (2.7% and 3% versus 3.5%, P= 0.71).Conclusions: Immediate induction with prostaglandin shortens the delivery interval and lowers the caesarean section rate as compared to expectant management; however the neonatal outcome is similar in the three groups