Characterization of the size and spatiotemporal structure of the cenopopulation Caragana arborescens Lam. in the forest park of Yekaterinburg

The article is devoted to the study of the dimensional and space-Time structure of Caragana arborescens Lam. in various ecological and cenotic conditions in the forest park named after. Foresters of Russia in Yekaterinburg on the basis of population and organismal parameters. For the first time, a quantitative characteristic of the manifestation of organismal indicators in each ontogenetic state of the caragana was obtained. Regularities in the manifestation of traits depending on the ontogenetic conditions of plants and forest type, as well as features of changes in traits that occur during the growth of individuals during the life period, are revealed. Features of the average values of the manifestation of traits in ontogenetic states can be associated with the number of individuals of a given state in the corresponding samples, while there is an influence of habitat conditions. A one-way analysis of variance, in which the habitat type of a coenopopulation fragment was a factor, showed a significant effect of the factor for traits of crown height and width. Significant differences in these traits of the habitat of the mixed herb meadow from other habitats and the reduced values of the traits in the forb pine forest are explained by the predominance of medium generative individuals in the first case, and juvenile individuals in the second. The ability of the species to successfully adapt in fragmented and urbanized areas affected by recreational impacts and other forms of pollution and survive in a wide range of environmental conditions has been established. © 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved

Range Expansion of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. in Forest Parks of Yekaterinburg

Shiny cotoneaster (Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht.) is one of the oldest plants. It originated in Southeast Asia and has many primitive traits. Its survival strategy is fascinating. Its introduction range extends throughout Eurasia. The cotoneaster has been actively introduced to all forest parks and city forests around Yekaterinburg. Its spread was facilitated by the presence of edible, long-preserved fruits on the shoots, which were the food supply for many bird species. The research aims at analyzing the distribution patterns and features of ecological occurrence of Cotoneaster lucidus in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg. There were 15 forest parks surveyed, and in 11 of them it is found in the undergrowth. The studies were carried out on the basis of forest inventory materials. Local habitats were monitored in four forest parks most visited by the population of the city: Sanatorny Forest Park, Uktusskiy Forest Park, Park named after Foresters of Russia, Shartashskaya Forest Park. Optimal environment for cotoneaster growth are mixed herbs pine forests with stand density of 0.7-0.8. Mature stands of the 1st resistance class are also appropriate. The highest occurrence of cotoneaster in the Central Forest Park is 7 % of the total area of the forest park. The density of cotoneaster increases with increasing stand density from 320 to 1,140 individuals. At a density of 0.3-0.5 the number of individuals per unit area decreases, and at 0.1-0.2 cotoneaster disappears completely as a result of increased anthropogenic load and the inflow of light in excessive amounts. High shade tolerance is a bioecological feature of Cotoneaster lucidus. Morphometric parameters of plants in the studied forest parks depend on the density of the tree canopy; the maximum values were found for specimens in the Sanatory Forest Park, where the distribution of shrubs is rare with a density of the stand of 0.7. A positive correlation of plant height with projection area and crown volume was found. The spatial distribution of individuals varies depending on the forest park and its attendance by people. For instance, in the Shartashsky Forest Park 60.4 % of cotoneasters are located in dense undergrowth, and in the Uktusskiy Forest Park 66.7 % are found in sparse undergrowth. Immature individuals are present in all of the Forest Parks, which indicates successful naturalization and high potential of the species.Кизильник блестящий - Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. - одно из древнейших растений. Он возник в Юго-Восточной Азии и имеет много примитивных признаков. Стратегия выживания этого вида удивительна. Его интродукционный ареал простирается на всей территории Евразии. Кизильник активно внедрился во все лесопарки г. Екатеринбурга. Его распространению способствовало наличие съедобных, долгосохраняющихся плодов на побегах, которые стали кормовой базой многих видов птиц. Цель исследования - анализ закономерностей распространения и особенностей экологической приуроченности Cotoneaster lucidus в лесопарках г. Екатеринбурга. Обследовано 15 лесопарков, и в 11 он встречается в подлеске. Работы выполнены на основе материалов лесоустройства. Учет локальных местообитаний проведен в4 лесопарках: Санаторном, Уктусском, Шарташском и им. Лесоводов России, - наиболее посещаемых населением города. Оптимальными условиями для произрастания кизильника являются сосняки разнотравные с полнотой древостоя 0,7-0,8. Подходят также спелые насаждения 1-го класса устойчивости. В Центральном лесопарке наиболее высокая встречаемость кизильника - 7 % от общей площади лесопарка. Плотность кизильника увеличивается с полнотой древостоя от 320 до 1140 особей. При полноте0,3-0,5 количество особей на единицу площади уменьшается, а при 0,1-0,2 кизильник исчезает совсем в результате увеличения антропогенной нагрузки и поступления света в избыточном количестве. Биоэкологическая особенность Cotoneaster lucidus - это высокая теневыносливость. Морфометрические параметры растений в исследуемых лесопарках зависят от полноты древесного полога, максимальные показатели выявлены у экземпляров в Санаторном лесопарке, где распределение кустов редкое при полноте древостоя 0,7. Установлена положительная корреляция высоты растений с площадью проекции и объемом кроны. Пространственное размещение особей варьирует в зависимости от лесопарка и его посещаемости людьми. Так, в Шарташском лесопарке 60,4 % кизильников сосредоточены в густом подлеске, а в Уктусском - 66,7 % встречается в редком подлеске. Во всех лесопарках присутствуют имматурные особи, что свидетельствует об успешной натурализации и высоком потенциале вида

Нормативно-правовое регулирование обеспечения оказания медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫

Aim. To conduct an analytical review of the regulatory legal framework on the resources provision required in medical organizations for the provision of oncological medical care based on clinical guidelines.Materials and methods. Using Russian normative legal and regulative documents on the oncological medical care, the authors studied the normative regulation of the issues of both resources’ provision for medical organizations and resources’ demand assessment, including the need for financial support from various sources of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The analysis was carried out in two regulatory areas: financing and organization of the provision of medical care. The authors examined the main legislation acts relating to oncological medical care, including documents of the compulsory medical insurance, the annual decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for the coming year and the planned period, the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation regulating the provision of medicines and medical products, provisions on the organization of medical care by type of medical care, procedures for the provision of oncological medical care, regulatory documents on clinical guidelines and standards of medical care.Results. The content analysis of the studied materials showed that certain components of the resources’ provision, including the financial provision of oncological medical care, are regulated by various regulatory documents, and there is no methodology for assessing the resources’ demand based on clinical guidelines.Conclusion. New approaches to assessing the resources’ demand for the provision of medical care and the required financial support based on clinical guidelines need to be developed.Цель. Провести направленный аналитический обзор нормативной правовой базы по вопросам ресурсного обеспечения медицинских организаций для оказания медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫ на основе клинических рекомендаций.Материалы и методы. На основании анализа российских нормативных правовых и иных документов было изучено нормативное регулирование вопросов ресурсного обеспечения медицинских организаций и оценки потребности в ресурсном, в т.ч. финансовом, обеспечении из различных источников бюджетной системы Российской Федерации медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫. Анализ проводился по следующим направлениям нормативного регулирования: финансовое обеспечение оказания медицинской помощи и организация оказания медицинской помощи. Изучены положения законодательства в сфере здравоохранения, в т.ч. обязательного медицинского страхования, ежегодные постановления Правительства РФ о программе государственных гарантий бесплатного оказания гражданам медицинской помощи на очередной год и плановый период; постановление Правительства РФ, регламентирующее вопросы обеспечения лекарственными средствами и изделиями медицинского назначения; положения об организации оказания медицинской помощи по видам медицинской помощи; порядок оказания медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫; нормативные документы по вопросам клинических рекомендаций и стандартов медицинской помощи.Результаты. В целом контент-анализ изучаемых материалов показал, что отдельные составляющие ресурсного, в т.ч. финансового обеспечения медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫ регламентируются различными нормативными документами, а методика оценки потребности на основе клинических рекомендаций отсутствует.Заключение. Требуется разработка новых подходов к оценке потребности в необходимых для оказания медицинской помощи ресурсах и их финансовом обеспечении на основе клинических рекомендаций

Принципы разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций

Objective: to review legislative and regulatory legal acts and other documents and consider the changing requirements for the development of medical care standards and the current standard form, to determine the key principles and methodology for the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines.Material and methods. The article reviews the provisions of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011, No. 323-FZ “On fundamentals of health care in the Russian Federation”, which establishes the requirements for the development of medical care standards. A review of the procedure for the development of standards (Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (MH RF) of February 8, 2018, No. 53n and of February 22, 2022, No. 103n) was conducted. The form of the medical care standard was considered based on the example of the medical care standards approved in 2021–2022. A review of methodological materials regulating the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines was performed.Results. The procedure for developing medical care standards was first regulated in 2018. The participants of the process (MH RF departments, MH RF chief external specialists, Center for Expertise and Quality Control of Medical Care), their functions, and the stages and terms of development are regulated. The methodology for the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines involves the formation of standardized modules of medical care and a mathematical model.Conclusion. Currently, the process of developing medical care standards based on clinical guidelines is regulated and the methodology is defined. However, there are still issues that require additional regulation, such as the standard form, the methodology of medical and economic evaluation.Цель: провести обзор законодательных и нормативных правовых актов, а также иных документов и рассмотреть изменение требований к разработке стандартов медицинской помощи и сложившуюся форму стандарта, определить ключевые принципы и методологию разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций.Материал и методы. Рассмотрены положения Федерального закона от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации», устанавливающие требования к разработке стандартов медицинской помощи. Проведен обзор порядка разработки стандартов (приказы Минздрава России (МЗ РФ) от 8 февраля 2018 г. № 53н и от 22 февраля 2022 г. № 103н). На примере стандартов медицинской помощи, утвержденных в 2021–2022 гг., рассмотрена форма стандарта. Выполнен обзор методических материалов, регламентирующих разработку стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций.Результаты. Порядок разработки стандартов медицинской помощи впервые был урегулирован в 2018 г. В настоящее время определены участники процесса (департаменты МЗ РФ, главные внештатные специалисты МЗ РФ, ФГБУ «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи» МЗ РФ), их функции, а также регламентированы этапы и сроки разработки. Методология разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций предусматривает формированиестандартизированных модулей медицинской помощи и математической модели.Заключение. В настоящее время процесс разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций нормативно урегулирован и методология определена. Однако сохраняются вопросы, требующие дополнительного нормативного регулирования, такие как форма стандарта, методология проведения медико-экономической оценки

A Modifier Screen for Bazooka/PAR-3 Interacting Genes in the Drosophila Embryo Epithelium

The development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms depends on sheets of epithelial cells. Bazooka (Baz; PAR-3) localizes to the apical circumference of epithelial cells and is a key hub in the protein interaction network regulating epithelial structure. We sought to identify additional proteins that function with Baz to regulate epithelial structure in the Drosophila embryo.The baz zygotic mutant cuticle phenotype could be dominantly enhanced by loss of known interaction partners. To identify additional enhancers, we screened molecularly defined chromosome 2 and 3 deficiencies. 37 deficiencies acted as strong dominant enhancers. Using deficiency mapping, bioinformatics, and available single gene mutations, we identified 17 interacting genes encoding known and predicted polarity, cytoskeletal, transmembrane, trafficking and signaling proteins. For each gene, their loss of function enhanced adherens junction defects in zygotic baz mutants during early embryogenesis. To further evaluate involvement in epithelial polarity, we generated GFP fusion proteins for 15 of the genes which had not been found to localize to the apical domain previously. We found that GFP fusion proteins for Drosophila ASAP, Arf79F, CG11210, Septin 5 and Sds22 could be recruited to the apical circumference of epithelial cells. Nine of the other proteins showed various intracellular distributions, and one was not detected.Our enhancer screen identified 17 genes that function with Baz to regulate epithelial structure in the Drosophila embryo. Our secondary localization screen indicated that some of the proteins may affect epithelial cell polarity by acting at the apical cell cortex while others may act through intracellular processes. For 13 of the 17 genes, this is the first report of a link to baz or the regulation of epithelial structure

Expansion of Acer negundo L. in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg

The article studies the adaptive mechanism of the distribution of Acer negundo L. on the example of habitats in the Southwestern forest park based on population (age and vitality structure) and organismal parameters (morphometric indicators). An assessment of the invasive potential made it possible to establish similar features of the introduction of the ash-leaved maple in any of its habitats. All fragments of the cenopopulation were at the initial stage of introduction and began their expansion from open spaces, well settling in forest ecosystems, mainly in forb and horsetail-forb pine forests with a tree canopy density of 0.4-0.5. This trend of conquest of the territory by the "aggressor"species continues at the present time, and it can be said with confidence that this situation is typical for many regions of Russia, therefore, it is necessary to monitor the state of ecosystems. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Influence of climate warming on the state of woody plants of the family Oleaceae Hoff. et Link. in the collections of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The created collections of woody plants made it possible to evaluate the life cycle of forsythia Forsythia ovata Nakai, privet Ligustrum vulgare L., and high ash Fraxinus excelsior L. of the Oleaceae Hoff family. et Link. and their response to changing climatic conditions. Tall ash, common privet froze every year to the level of snow cover. The flower buds of the forsythia froze, and it did not bloom. Due to the increase in the average annual temperature from 1.7 °C to 2.69 °C since 1990, forsythia and privet began to bloom and bear fruit. Introductory populations were created and the most frost-resistant and abundantly flowering individuals were selected. But as a result of abnormal weather conditions and climate cyclicality, all young and old privet plants died in 1998. Common privet plants began to bloom profusely only in 2021 (sowing in 2018). High ash plants fully recovered and reached a height of 10-12 m. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Spatial and temporal structure of the Acer negundo L. cenopopulation in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg

The article is devoted to the study of the spatio-temporal structure of Acer negundo L. in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg on the basis of population and organism indicators. Eight fragments of ash-leaved maple cenopopulations in the Uktussky and Southwestern forest parks were examined. For the first time, a quantitative characteristic of the manifestation of organismal indicators in each ontogenetic state of maple was obtained. A feature of the spatial structure of the habitats of Acer negundo is its active introduction into cenoses in the forest parks of Ekaterinburg. An identical expansion of the species in the studied forest parks was established, however, there are also distinctive features of its habitat. In the course of the analysis of variance, the dependence of the dimensional parameters of the maple crown on changes in two factors (forest park, ontogenetic state) and their interaction was shown. The ability of the species to successfully adapt in fragmented and urbanized areas affected by recreational impacts and other forms of pollution and survive in a wide range of environmental conditions has been established. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Vector correlation analysis of seasonal dynamics of apical growth of shoots of lilac varieties

The purpose of the research is to determine the possibility of evaluating and discriminating different varieties of lilacs by means of vector-correlation analysis (VCA) of seasonal dynamics of apical growth of shoots, and using this approach to determine the growth characteristics of lilac shoots that differ in growth activity at the stage of slowing down and stopping growth. The growth of shoots of 12 lilac varieties growing in the collection of the Institute Botanic Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was studied. The measurements were carried out during the growing season with an interval of seven days. The implemented approach consisted in applying the VCA method to the data on the seasonal dynamics of shoot growth, subsequent clustering of its results, and ranking the identified clusters in accordance with the degree of manifestation in them of the generalized parameter calculated during the analysis. Based on the VCA, it was found that in the process of morphogenesis in lilac bushes, vegetative shoots of the second order of branching are divided into 3 types according to the type of seasonal dynamics of apical growth, including the timing and duration of individual phases at the stage of completion of growth. The quantitative ratio of individual types of shoots differs in different lilac varieties and is a promising indicator when studying the possibilities of introduction and breeding for winter hardiness and decorativeness. © 2023 Author(s)