Additional file 1: Table S1. of Downregulation of long noncoding RNA MEG3 is associated with poor prognosis and promoter hypermethylation in cervical cancer

Patients’ clinico-pathological characteristics. (DOC 40 kb

Substrate–Electrode Interface Engineering by an Electron-Transport Layer in Hematite Photoanode

The photoelectrochemical water oxidation efficiency of photoanodes is largely limited by interfacial charge-transfer processes. Herein, a metal oxide electron-transport layer (ETL) was introduced at the substrate–electrode interface. Hematite photoanodes prepared on Li⁺- or WO₃-modified substrates deliver higher photocurrent. It is inferred that a Li-doped Fe₂O₃ (Li:Fe₂O₃) layer with lower flat band potential than the bulk is formed. Li:Fe₂O₃ and WO₃ are proved to function as an expressway for electron extraction. Via introducing ETL, both the charge separation and injection efficiencies are improved. The lifetime of photogenerated electrons is prolonged by 3 times, and the ratio of surface charge transfer and recombination rate is enhanced by 5 times with Li:Fe₂O₃ and 125 times with WO₃ ETL at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. This result indicates the expedited electron extraction from photoanode to the substrate can suppress not only the recombination at the back contact interface but also those at the surface, which results in higher water oxidation efficiency

Fabrication and Kinetic Study of a Ferrihydrite-Modified BiVO₄ Photoanode

In spite of great progress in the surface modification of semiconductor photoelectrodes, the role of the metal oxide cocatalyst on photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance is still not well understood. In this study, ferrihydrite (Fh) as a novel cocatalyst was decorated on a wormlike nanoporous BiVO₄ photoanode. A surface kinetics study of Fh/BiVO₄ by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) evidences the primary role of Fh on PEC performance enhancement, varying with the loading of Fh. It was found that dispersed Fh nanoparticles accelerate hole transfer for water oxidation, but the resulting photoanode suffers from poor stability. The thick layers of Fh address the stability of the electrode by suppressing surface charge recombination but result in reduced hole transfer rates. Modification of a BiVO₄ film with optimally thick layers of discrete nanoflakes effectively reduces charge recombination without compromising stability, leading to a high AM 1.5 G photocurrent of 4.78 mA/cm² at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode and an applied bias photon to current efficiency of 1.81% at 0.61 V. These values are comparable to the best results reported for undoped BiVO₄

MOESM1 of Characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of the polyene macrolide antibiotic reedsmycins from a marine-derived Streptomyces strain

Additional file 1: Table S1. Bacteria and plasmids used in this study. Table S2. The primer pairs used for cosmid library screening. Table S3. The primer pairs used for PCR-targeted mutagenesis. Table S4. The conserved motifs in the KR domains. Figure S1. Inactivation of rdmG. Figure S2. Inactivation of rdmH. Figure S3. Inactivation of rdmJ. Figure S4. The HRMS spectra of RDMs. Figure S5. Inactivation of orf(−2). Figure S6. Inactivation of orf(−1). Figure S7. Inactivation of orf1. Figure S8. Inactivation of rdmA. Figure S9. Inactivation of rdmB. Figure S10. Inactivation of rdmC. Figure S11. Inactivation of rdmD. Figure S12. Inactivation of rdmE. Figure S13. Inactivation of rdmF. Figure S14. Inactivation of rdmL. Figure S15. Inactivation of rdmM. Figure S16. Inactivation of rdmO

Manipulating the Interfacial Energetics of n‑type Silicon Photoanode for Efficient Water Oxidation

The photoanodes with heterojunction behavior could enable the development of solar energy conversion, but their performance largely suffers from the poor charge separation and transport process through the multiple interfacial energy levels involved. The question is how to efficiently manipulate these energy levels. Taking the n-Si Schottky photoanode as a prototype, the undesired donor-like interfacial defects and its adverse effects on charge transfer in n-Si/ITO photoanode are well recognized and diminished through the treatment on electronic energy level. The obtained n-Si/TiO_<i>x</i>/ITO Schottky junction exhibits a highly efficient charge transport and a barrier height of 0.95 eV, which is close to the theoretical optimum for n-Si/ITO Schottky contact. Then, the holes extraction can be further facilitated through the variation of surface energy level, with the NiOOH coated ITO layer. This is confirmed by a 115% increase in surface photovoltage of the photoanodes. Eventually, an unprecedentedly low onset potential of 0.9 V (vs RHE) is realized for water oxidation among n-Si photoanodes. For the water oxidation reaction, the n-Si/TiO_<i>x</i>/ITO/NiOOH photoanode presents a charge separation efficiency up to 100% and an injection efficiency greater than 90% at a wide voltage range. This work identifies the important role of interfacial energetics played in photoelectrochemical conversion

Relationship between spending on electronic cigarettes, 30-day use, and disease symptoms among current adult cigarette smokers in the U.S.

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To examine the relationship between spending on electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and disease symptoms compared with the relationship between 30-day e-cigarette use and disease symptoms among adult cigarette smokers in the U.S.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We analyzed data from the Tobacco and Attitudes Beliefs Survey which included 533 respondents aged 24+ who were current cigarette smokers and e-cigarette ever users. Fifteen self-reported disease symptoms were included as outcome variables. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were estimated for each disease symptom with total spending on e-cigarettes in the past 30 days and with reported 30-day e-cigarette use. All models controlled for cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p>Results</p><p>We found that those who spent more on e-cigarettes were more likely to report chest pain (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.52), to notice blood when brushing their teeth (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.49), to have sores or ulcers in their mouth (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.72), and to have more than one cold (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.78) than those with no spending on e-cigarettes in the past 30 days in an adjusted analysis. After controlling for CPD and other covariates, there were no significant relationships between 30-day e-cigarette use and symptoms. Even after controlling for CPD, e-cigarette expenditures or use was associated with greater odds of wheezing and shortness of breath.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>E-cigarette expenditures might be a more useful measure of intensity of e-cigarette use. The additional health effect of e-cigarette use or expenditures among smokers independent of the effect of CPD suggests that e-cigarette use adds adverse health effects even among cigarette smokers.</p></div

Demographic characteristics of study participants (N = 533).

<p>Demographic characteristics of study participants (N = 533).</p

Estimated multivariable logistic regression model (OR and 95% CI) on disease symptoms controlling for e-cigarette expenditure, CPD, and sociodemographic characteristics (N = 533).

<p>Estimated multivariable logistic regression model (OR and 95% CI) on disease symptoms controlling for e-cigarette expenditure, CPD, and sociodemographic characteristics (N = 533).</p

Disease symptoms rates (N = 533).

<p>Disease symptoms rates (N = 533).</p