<創刊特集>大学は地域の歴史文化にどうかかわるのか : 地域連携の成果と課題

<p>Relative changes in postprandial plasma/serum excursions of glucose, pancreatic and gut hormones on day 4 and 42 expressed as mean change in total area under curve (tAUC) with day 0 as reference (with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in brackets), e.g. tAUC_PYY increased 40% from day 0 to day 4.</p><p><b>†</b> denotes p<0.05. CCK, cholecystokinin, GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1, PYY, peptide YY.</p><p>Effect of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota, Gut Hormones and Glucose Metabolism - Table 2 </p

Average relationship between incretin effect and incretin hormones.

<p>Relationship between the incretin effect on total insulin secretion and the corresponding mean OGTT plasma GLP-1 and GIP in NGT and T2D participants. Plots are mean±SE.</p

Incretin effect on potentiation.

<p>Time-course of the incretin effect on OGTT/IIGI ratio of the potentiation factor with increasing glucose loads in NGT and T2D participants. The potentiation factor is normalized to the baseline value before calculating the ratio. Plots are mean±SE.</p

Statistical significance of differences by test, dose, and group (ANOVA for doubly repeated measures)^*.

*<p>Test = OGTT <i>vs</i> IIGT; Dose = 25 <i>vs</i> 75 <i>vs</i> 125 g of glucose orally; Group = NGT <i>vs</i> T2D.</p

Individual relationships between incretin effect and incretin hormones.

<p>Individual trajectories for the relationship between the incretin effect on total insulin secretion and the mean OGTT/IIGI ratio of GLP-1 and GIP concentrations in NGT and T2D participants.</p

Incremental insulin secretion response to intravenous and oral glucose.

<p>Individual trajectories for the relationship between the dose-dependent increment above basal in total insulin secretion during the OGTT and the IIGI in NGT and T2D participants. The dotted lines are the identity line.</p

Change in glycated haemoglobin: forest plot of randomized controlled trials comparing sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) versus placebo.

<p>The plot shows subgroups of trials assessing the different SGLT2-i.</p

Characteristics of included randomised controlled trials comparing SGLT2-i versus placebo or other oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD).

<p>Characteristics of included randomised controlled trials comparing SGLT2-i versus placebo or other oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD).</p

Number of included patients, mean difference and heterogeneity in meta-analyses of double blind, randomised controlled trials comparing SGLT2-i versus placebo.

<p>Number of included patients, mean difference and heterogeneity in meta-analyses of double blind, randomised controlled trials comparing SGLT2-i versus placebo.</p

Flowchart for identification and selection of included trials.

<p>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow chart.</p