Spatial Variability of Manganese Oxide in Two Soilscapes: Upland-Lowland, and Riparian Buffer-Wetland Boundary- Wetland

Background: This research project describes the development of a quantitative measurement methodology to determine the concentration of manganese oxide (MnOx) in two soilscape positions (Upland- Lowland and Riparian Buffer-Wetland Boundary-Wetland). Methods: A reaction between the MnOx in the soil sample and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was initiated to determine the level of MnOx reactivity in the soil sample. Data was collected from four sites on Soilscape 1 (Upland, Lowland, and two sites between the Uplands and Lowlands); within each site, five soil profile depths and three sample replicates were measured which comprised a total of 60 samples. Additionally, data was collected from three sites on Soilscape 2 (Riparian Buffer-Wetland Boundary-Wetland), within each site, three soil profile depths and three sample replicates were measured which comprised a total of 27 samples. Measurements were collected and revalidated to assess the accuracy of the measurement protocol. Results: Analysis of data collected from the surface layers in Soilscape 1 indicated that the Lowland (Site 4) had the highest level of MnOx followed by Site 3 with the lowest value occurring at Site 2. A follow up, revalidation study of three of the four sites from the surface layers on Soilscape 1 indicated that the Lowland (Site 4) had the highest level followed by the Midslope (Site 3) with the lowest value occurring at the Upland (Site 1). Therefore, the revalidation study results matched two of the three sites from the initial study. Correspondingly, the data collected from the three sites from the surface layers on Soilscape 2 indicated that the Wetland Boundary had the highest level followed by Riparian Buffer with the lowest value occurring at Wetland. The revalidation study results matched the initial study for each of the three sites from the surface layers on Soilscape 2, which indicated that the Wetland Boundary had the highest level followed by the Riparian Buffer with the lowest value occurring at the Wetland. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to easily determine the spatial variability o f MnOx levels in soilscapes that range from Upland-Lowland and Riparian Buffer- Wetland Boundary-Wetland, and the movement of soluble MnOx ions within soilscapes by mass flow and/or diffusion processes. In soils with adequate levels of MnOx ions, the use of this methodology can assist in the delineation of the wetland boundary, which has both an economic and land-use importance to society, because of the importance of the ecological functions of wetland ecosystems

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Karl Kraus, das Militär und der « innere Feind » 1914-1918

Es ist bekannt, daß Kraus in den Jahren vor dem Weltkrieg, etwa 1911-1914, eine ausgesprochen konservative Phase durchgemacht hat. Er selbst hat seine Haltung – allerdings nicht ohne Vorbehalte – als „rechtsradikal“ bezeichnet (F 400-03, Juli 1914, 92). Daher ist es nicht verwunderlich, daß wir in der Fackel der Vorkriegszeit positive Äußerungen über Armee und Kriegsmarine finden. Aus dem Erlebnis einer Vorlesung vor Marineoffizieren in Pola (November 1913) schöpfte Kraus „eine Hoffnung auf S..

Karl Kraus: apocalyptic satirist, volume 2: the postwar crisis and the rise of the swastika

In this second volume of Karl Kraus: Apocalyptic Satirist, Edward Timms takes up Kraus’s story in November 1918, when the satirist responded to the creation of the new republics with a defiant hope, invoking international law against the dual threat of reactionary politics and irresponsible media. While contemporaries like Walter Benjamin regarded Kraus as heroically isolated, this book places him within a dynamic field of cultural production. Timms highlights the court cases Kraus pursued with his lawyer Oskar Samek and the theatrical projects that earned him Brecht’s friendship. In the final section of the book, the author refutes the legend that Kraus responded with stunned silence to Hitler’s seizure of power. His career culminated in Third Walpurgis Night, an analysis of Nazi ideology that has proved enduringly influential. Timms concludes that Kraus’s lifelong critique of the media, combining Orwell’s political radicalism with Joyce’s linguistic playfulness, incisively anticipates the propaganda techniques of our own age

School for socialism: Karl Seitz and the cultural politics of Vienna

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German-Jewish dilemma: from the enlightenment to the Shoah

These essays analyze the problems which have affected the evolution of German-Jewish relations since the Enlightenment, showing how the project of emancipation was subverted by countercurrents of antisemitism and anxieties about national identities in a society in the throes of modernization. It emphasises the importance of social and historical context, offering a differentiated account of the difficulties of emancipation, the sense of alienation which is such a characteristic feature of German-Jewish discourse, and the culmination of various forms of anti semitism in the politcs of persecution and genocide. THe close focus on specific journals and inistutions, writers and texts reveals the tortous complexity of German-Jewish relations, with a final emphasis on resistance, survival and commemoration