Relative effect sizes (and 95% credibility intervals) of psychotherapeutic interventions and control conditions from conventional meta-analysis (upper triangle) and network meta-analysis (lower triangle).

<p>Dashes indicate pairs of conditions that have not been compared in a study. Negative signs in the upper triangle indicate superiority of the condition in column; negative signs in the lower triangle indicate superiority of the condition in the row. Significant effects are printed in bold.</p>a<p>These confidence intervals are calculated by method of moments random effects meta-analysis.</p>b<p>If only a single comparison was present no credibility intervals are presented.</p><p>n.e., not estimated.</p

Description of intervention strategies.

<p>Description of intervention strategies.</p

Efficacy of different psychotherapeutic intervention compared to waitlist of all trials (A2), moderately sized trials (B2), and large trials (C2).

<p>ACT, behavioural activation; CBT, cognitive-behavioural therapy; DYN, psychodynamic therapy; IPT, interpersonal therapy; PST, problem solving therapy; SST, social skills training; SUP, supportive counselling.</p

Networks of evidence of all trials (A1), moderately sized trials (B1), and large trials (C1).

<p>ACT, behavioural activation; CBT, cognitive-behavioural therapy; DYN, psychodynamic therapy; ES, <i>d</i> effect size; IPT, interpersonal therapy; PLA, placebo; PST, problem solving therapy; SST, social skills training; SUP, supportive counselling; UC, usual care; WL, waitlist.</p

Flowchart of study inclusion.

<p>Flowchart of study inclusion.</p

Summary of study characteristics across the 198 studies included in the network meta-analysis.

a<p>The percentages do not add up to 100% because many studies contained more than one treatment.</p>b<p>The percentages do not add up to 100% because not all studies contained a control condition.</p

Influence of patient population, intervention format, study quality, and study size on the results of network meta-analysis.

<p>Negative effect sizes indicate superiority of the specific intervention against waitlist.</p>a<p>Two trials contributed to both strata, one trial did not contribute.</p

Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA Polymerase-binding Protein A (RbpA) and Its Interactions with Sigma Factors

RNA polymerase-binding protein A (RbpA), encoded by Rv2050, is specific to the actinomycetes, where it is highly conserved. In the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, RbpA is essential for growth and survival. RbpA binds to the β subunit of the RNA polymerase where it activates transcription by unknown mechanisms, and it may also influence the response of M. tuberculosis to the current frontline anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin. Here we report the solution structure of RbpA and identify the principle sigma factor σ[superscript A] and the stress-induced σ[superscript B] as interaction partners. The protein has a central ordered domain with a conserved hydrophobic surface that may be a potential protein interaction site. The N and C termini are highly dynamic and are involved in the interaction with the sigma factors. RbpA forms a tight complex with the N-terminal domain of σB via its N- and C-terminal regions. The interaction with sigma factors may explain how RbpA stabilizes sigma subunit binding to the core RNA polymerase and thereby promotes initiation complex formation. RbpA could therefore influence the competition between principal and alternative sigma factors and hence the transcription profile of the cell