Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE): A Fatal Aftermath of Measles Infection

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive form of encephalitis without a cure. This case report pertains to a primigravida diagnosed with SSPE in her fifth month of pregnancy. She has been married for two years. During her sixth month of pregnancy, she developed signs of SSPE such as behavioral andpersonality changes, social detachment, reduced involvement in household work which progressed to mutism, altered sensorium, involuntary movement of right half of face and myoclonic jerks involving right upper and lower limbs, in spite of that, she delivered a baby boy who within a month died due to diarrhea.The patient had several episodes of seizures which subsided with antiepileptic and antiviral drugs initially but on March 3, 2018 she again had myoclonic episodes of seizures, from which she did not recover. EEG findings showed periodic episodes of high-amplitude delta-frequency activity associated with theinvoluntary movements, superimposed on relatively normal background activity and elevated levels of gamma globulin and measles antibody in serum and cerebrospinal fluid was suggestive of SSPE. During pregnancy, marked by physiological immunosuppression, there is a greater chance of SSPE outbreakwhich requires constant care, follow up and observing initial manifestations of SSPE to delay the course of disease with symptomatic medications or treatment when the inflammatory changes are, possibly, still reversible. The long-term outlook for people with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is poor. Since the condition is always fatal, the only way to prevent SSPE is to get the measles vaccinatio

A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Impact of Internet Usage on the Psychosocial Health and Academic Performance of Adolescents in a Selected School of Delhi, NCR

Adolescence is a crucial phase in an individual’s life. Adolescence is a time when we are honing our skills for sound mental and social health, and wisdom and a lack of opportunity to engage in this skill-building behavior could impede development. Internet’s importance in the life of an adolescent, as a boon or abane needs to be analyzed to ensure that not one is lost in this race of growth. Keeping this in mind, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the impact of internet usage on the psychosocial health and academic performance among adolescents in a selected school of Delhi NCR. A survey was conducted among 200 adolescents, aged between 14 years to 17 years studying in 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th standards, selected through purposive sampling technique from Delhi Public School, Indirapuram, New Delhi. A structured rating scale to assess the psychosocial health and academic performance was used for data collection and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that a substantial number of adolescents had fairly significant impact of internet use on their psychosocial health and academic performance with favorable impact of internet users exceeding the number of adolescents with unfavorable impact of internet use. It was found that the average time of internet usage daily had a significant association with the impact of internet use on psychosocial health. It was also seen that the impact of internet use was more on psychosocial health rather than on academic performance. The results inferred that the internet splurge in the life of adolescents is keeping them at pace with the fast-growing world bringing out a productive generation who is well exposed and wise to face the challenges. Risks and dangers are not been overlooked but rather internet use in moderation is the need of the hour

A descriptive study on the physical activities among type 2 diabetes patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar in a selected hospital at Kollam district, Kerala.

A study to analyze the physical activities of type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar in a selected hospital at Kollam district, Kerala. The objectives of the study were (1). To compare the physical activities among type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. (2)To find the correlation between the physical activities and the post prandial blood sugar, body mass index among type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar.(3)To determine the significant association between the physical activities, postprandial blood sugar and selected factors among the type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. The hypotheses of the study were (1) There will be a significant difference in the physical activities between type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. (2)There will be a significant difference in the speed in physical activities between type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. (3) There will be a significant difference in the sweating during physical activities between type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. (4) There will be a significant correlation between the physical activities and the post prandial blood sugar among type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. (5) There will be a significant correlation between the physical activities and body mass index among type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. (6) There will be a significant association between the physical activities and selected factors among type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. (7) There will be a significant association between selected factors and post prandial blood sugar among type 2 diabetic patients with controlled and uncontrolled blood sugar. The investigator organized the review of literature under 2 sections as follows. (1) Studies related to physical activities among type 2 diabetic patients. (2) Studies related to the physical activities in the control of blood sugar among type 2 diabetic patients. The conceptual framework for the study was designed by the investigator on the basis of Structure Process Outcome Model. The research design used was a descriptive design, comparative in nature to analyze the physical activities of type 2 diabetic patients. The samples for the study were selected from the OPD of Vijaya Hospital, Kottarakkara. The sample size was 100 type 2 diabetic patients; 50 with controlled blood sugar and 50 with uncontrolled blood sugar. The samples were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected by self-reporting semi structured questionnaire, developed by the investigator. The tool was validated by 4 experts. The main study was conducted in Vijaya Hospital, Kottarakkara in Kerala. The data collected were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by SPSS package (version 10.0). The findings of the study revealed that (1) Type 2 diabetic patients with controlled blood sugar spent more time in housework, exercise and traveling. (2) There was significant association between the speed in housework, exercise and the control of blood sugar among type 2 diabetic patients. (3) There was an association between sweating in personal activity and control of blood sugar among type 2 diabetic patients. (4)There was significant negative correlation between the time spent in exercise and controlled blood sugar among type 2 diabetic patients. The study clearly concluded by stating the implications, limitations and recommendations

Consumer Evaluations of Brand Extensions in An FMCG Sector

“Brand Extensions” are a vital element for a business and it has become a very common practice for the companies, especially in the FMCG sector to grow in its sales and profit targets. Although, how much ever advantages brand extension possess, it can still be of major risks in terms of brand dilution and its equity (Loken & John, 1993). Understanding the consumers better is what adds of significant value or if not could lead to major failures. Brand owners or managers need to have a very thorough and holistic approach in this without damaging their brand image and equity built over the years. The purpose of this dissertation is to find how Indian customers evaluate brand extensions within an FMCG context; How significantly different are they in respect of evaluations of their competitors around the world? Most significantly how well does the present literature on the topic of brand evaluations of brand extensions fit within the context of Indian consumers? The significant issues identified within the context of this research are perceived fit between parent brand and extension, perceived quality of the core brand, core brand image quality and most importantly congruency and incongruency of the brand extension product categories with relation to parent product. This research did not support the previous literature findings that more incongruent the extension category, greater will be the dilution of the core brand image. Furthermore, when a negatively evaluated brand extension is being introduced, it was found that there is an element of brand dilution still existing within loyal customers. Lastly, there is a huge market in India mainly due to its demographic size and there is a major competition in all the major FMCG brands. The research finding too indicates that there is a tremendous opportunity of brand extensions within Indian FMCG industry. A major recommendation is that brand owners need to be cautious of their approach when extending the brand into new categories. Most importantly, it is up to the customers to judge if the extension is able to match the reputation to that of the parent brand, build over the years

STUDY ON KAP OF OCULAR COMPLICATIONS DUE TO DIABETES AMONG TYPE II DIABETICS VISITING A TERTIARY TEACHING HOSPITAL

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. Diabetic patients are at risk of developing blindness from diabetic retinopathy. While occurrence of diabetic retinopathy cannot be prevented, its complications can be minimized. This requires awareness of the sight-threatening potential of diabetes and the need for regular eye examinations. Aim: To study the knowledge of ocular complications of diabetes, among type II diabetics visiting a tertiary level hospital. Settings and Design: This was a prospective study in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods and Material: This was a questionnaire based study on 350 type II diabetics. All patients were interviewed by the same investigator. Statistical analysis used: The data was analysed using chi square test. Results: With increase in the duration of illness, the awareness about diabetic retinopathy is more. Even though the awareness of the disease increased with increasing duration of the disease, 51.4% of the diabetics did not know how diabetes can affect the eye, 49.7% of diabetics did not know if diabetic retinopathy can be treated and 67.4% had not heard of any treatment modality for diabetic retinopathy. This shows that lack of knowledge about the disease was significant. Conclusions: Prevention of non-communicable disease through increased awareness needs to be the thrust of the effort in resource poor contexts, where the treatment can be prohibitively costly. These measures would help to bring about more awareness and understanding about the disease among the patients and therefore prevent sight-threatening complications by timely intervention and management

EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT VECTOR CONTROLLED THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

ABSTRACT: This paper analyses the overall system level efficiency of an indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. Both the induction motor losses and inverter losses are considered. A 5.4-hp induction motor drive is simulated to analyse the efficiency under different operating conditions of the drive. The variation of efficiency under load change and speed change is observed. Simulation results show that efficiency increases as the operation of induction motor drive shifts from unrated to rated conditions. At light loads, the iron losses in the induction motor are significant. The efficiency of the motor can be increased by keeping the flux level below the rated value. Also the influence of hysteresis band on the switching losses of the inverter is analysed. The results suggest that, for efficient operation of the drive, an optimum combination of the various control variables are required. Keywords: Vector control, Hysteresis band, Indirect field oriented control, Switching losses, Simulink I. INTRODUCTION It is estimated that electric machines consume more than 50% of the world electric energy generated. Economic saving and reduction of environmental pollution are the two factors that highlights the importance of analyzing the efficiency in electric drives. The induction motors are widely used in the electrical drives and are responsible for most of the energy consumed by electric motors. In recent years the control of high-performance induction motor drives for general industry applications and production automation has received widespread research interests. Many schemes have been proposed for the control of induction motor drives, among which the field oriented control, or vector control, has been accepted as one of the most effective methods. Vector control offers a number of benefits including speed control over a wide range, precise speed regulation, fast dynamic response, and operation above base speed. In the field oriented control of an induction motor drive system, current control technology plays the most important role in current-controlled pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters, which are widely applied in high performance dynamic drives system. Among the various current control techniques, considering easy implementation, the conventional hysteresis PWM current control method is a popular one. The advantages of this scheme are its simplicity, good accuracy, good response, and high robustness. The major drawback of this scheme is that high switching frequency can happen at lower hysteresis band so the switching loss of the inverter will be increased. In addition, the current error is not strictly limited. The current ripple can reach twice the hysteresis band. This paper analyses the overall system level efficiency of a vector controlled induction motor drive which employs a hysteresis current controller for PWM generation. The losses in the induction motor and the switching losses in the inverter circuit of the drive are considered. Induction motors have a high efficiency at rated speed and torque. However, the operation of the machine with rated flux at light loads, iron losses increase dramatically, reducing considerably the efficiency. The hysteresis band of the current controller is the main factor deciding the switching losses in the inverter circuit. It also affects the current ripple and torque ripple of the induction motor drive

Primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty by transtrochanteric approach in unstable intertrochanteric fractures

Background: The successful treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly patients is a challenge. Due to complications associated with internal fixation, primary hemiarthroplasty is increasingly becoming an alternative treatment to achieve early mobilisation. A transtrochanteric approach could potentially decrease the complications associated with primary hemiarthroplasty. Aim of the study is to document the postoperative outcome and complications associated with this treatment.Methods: In this retrospective study, all elderly patients with unstable trochanteric fractures, treated by primary hemiarthroplasty through a transtrochanteric approach, in a tertiary care centre, from September 2017 to December 2019, were enrolled. Their data from hospital records were analysed and results compared to literature.Results: 48 patients underwent the procedure. Average age was 85 years. One year mortality was 31.25%. Average duration of surgery is 85 min. 58.3% were ambulant at one year. One case of dislocation secondary to surgical site infection was present.Conclusions: Primary hemiarthroplasty as a primary treatment in this group of patients enables early mobilization and prevents complications associated with prolonged immobilization. Transtrochanteric approach reduces the duration of surgery. Achieving early ambulation is the key to successful treatment

Tissue engineering scaffold material with enhanced cell adhesion and angiogenesis from soy protein isolate loaded with bio modulated micro-TiO2 prepared via prolonged sonication for wound healing applications

Tissue engineering is a technique that promotes healing by creating an ideal environment for endogenous cells to migrate and grow into the site of injury via a scaffold, improving regeneration and reducing the time required for in vitro cell culture. In this work, the effect of the addition of sonicated TiO2 in the soy protein isolate (SPI) matrix for tissue engineering applications was studied. In comparison to adding expensive nano TiO2, this method of incorporating sonicated TiO2 into the SPI matrix will aid in achieving improved properties at a lower cost. The effect of the addition of sonicated TiO2 on the morphological, UV transmittance, mechanical, thermal, surface energy, and hydrophilicity of SPI films was investigated. The result shows that the uniformly distributed TiO2 particles successfully blocked 95% of UV light. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a significant reduction in the TiO2 agglomerate size and homogeneous distribution of the same when sonication was applied instead of mechanical dispersion. A simultaneous increase of tensile strength (from 3.16 to 4.58 MPa) and elongation at break values (from 24.25% to 95.31%) with 0.5% TiO2 was observed. The addition of 0.25% TiO2 was found to significantly enhance the elongation at break value to 120.83%. Incorporation of micro-TiO2 particles could improve the surface roughness, surface energy, and wettability of SPI films. In vitro cell adhesion studies and in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies were performed to assess the cell growth and angiogenesis of the developed film membranes. An MTT assay showed that SPI-1%TiO2 film favored cell viability up to 118%, and in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies showed enhanced cell growth and angiogenesis for SPI-1% TiO2 films. This SPI-TiO2 film with enhanced surface properties can be used as an ideal candidate for tissue engineering applications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio