Endüstriyel atıksuların arıtımında yapay sulak alanların kullanımı

Yapay sulak alanlar elli yılı aşkın süredir atık su arıtımı için kullanılmaktadır. Genellikle evsel nitelikli atık suların arıtımında kullanılan yapay sulak alan sistemleri son yirmi yıldır endüstriyel kaynaklı atık suların arıtımında da tercih edilmektedir. Ayrıca, yapay sulak alanlar, çevre dostu bir teknoloji olması ve düşük yatırım/işletim maliyeti nedeniyle kırsal bölge ve endüstrilerin atıksularını arıtmak için pahalı geleneksel arıtma metotlarına alternatif bir yöntemdir. Düşük enerji gereksinimi, kolay işletim ve bakım, maliyet verimliliği, arazi estetiği, yeniden kullanım ve canlılara yaşam ortamı oluşturması gibi pek çok avantaja sahip olan yapay sulak alanlar mühendislik sistemleridir. Bitki filtre malzemesi, hidroloji ve mikrobiyal toplulukları içermektedir. Akış türüne göre yüzeysel ve yüzey altı akışlı yapay sulak alanlar olarak ikiye ayrılıp, yüzey alı akışlı sistemler ise yatay ve düşey yüzey altı akışlı sistemler olarak alt gruba ayrılmaktadır. Farklı tip yapay sulak alanların özel avantajlarından yararlanmak için hibrit sistemler olarak birleştirilebilirler. Yapay sulak alan sistemlerinde fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik arıtım mekanizmaları birlikte gelişmektedir. Günümüzde özellikli karaktere sahip endüstriyel atıksuların arıtımda başarı ile kullanılmaktadır. Yapay sulak alanların endüstriyel atık su arıtımındaki ilk uygulamaları petrokimya, mezbaha, et işleme, süt ve kağıt endüstrileri olup ardından tekstil, şarap, sirke ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği endüstrileri izlemiştir. Bu çalışma, serbest yüzeyli, yüzey altı akışlı ve hibrit yapay sulak alan sistemlerinin çeşitli endüstriyel atık suların arıtımındaki pilot ya da gerçek ölçekli çalışmaları ve farklı ülkelerdeki uygulamaları ile ilgili bilgileri kapsamaktadır

The use of expanded perlite for b(II) removal from industrial leachate: Kinetic studies

Bu çalışmada, genleştirilmiş perlit kullanılarak endüstriyel sızıntı suyundan adsorpsiyonyöntemi ile Pb(II) gidermi araştırılmıştır. Pb(II) gideriminde pH, temas süresi veadsorbent miktarının etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Adsorpsiyon mekanizmasınıdeğerlendirmek için Elovich modeli, partikül içi difüzyon (Weber-Morris) ve yalancıikinci derece reaksiyon kinetiği modeli olmak üzere üç kinetik model test edilmiştir.Sonuç olarak, genleştirilmiş perlit üzerine Pb(II) adsorpsiyonu için en iyi uyum gösterenkinetik model olarak yalancı ikinci derece reaksiyon kinetiği modeli tanımlanmıştır(R20.99). Kimyasal adsorpsiyon, endüstriyel sızıntı suyundan kütle transferi yerineadsorpsiyon işleminin belirleyici aşamasıdır. Partikül içi difüzyon modelinden elde edilenverilere göre, adsorpsiyon birden fazla adımdan oluşmaktadır. Son kısımdakiadsorpsiyonun partiküller arası difüzyon olduğu gerçeğine dayanırken birinci bölümdekiadsorpsiyon film difüzyonudur. Pb(II)’nin genleştirilmiş perlit üzerindekiadsorpsiyonunda film difüzyonu ve partikül içi difüzyon işlemleri anlamlıdır. Buçalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, genleştirilmiş perlitin endüstriyel sızıntı suyundanadsorpsiyon yoluyla Pb(II)’nin giderilmesi için etkili bir alternatif adsorbent olduğunugöstermektedir.In this study, the removal efficiency of Pb(II) from industrial leachate was investigated byusing expanded perlite by adsorption. The effects of pH, contact time, and adsorbentdosage were examined on the Pb(II) removal. The adsorption kinetics were tested tounderstand the adsorption mechanism using three kinetic models, i.e., Elovich,intraparticle diffusion, and the pseudo second order reaction kinetic models. As the result,the best conformity kinetic model for Pb(II) adsorption on expanded perlite was describedas the pseudo second-order (R20.99). It is indicated that chemisorption is thedetermining step of adsorption process rather than mass transfer from industrial leachate.According to the data obtained from intraparticle diffusion model, the adsorption iscomposed of more than one step. This can be attributed to the fact that the adsorption inthe final portion was the intraparticle diffusion while the adsorption in the first portionwas the film diffusion. Both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion processes in theadsorption of Pb(II) on expanded perlite are significant. This study indicated thatexpanded perlite was an influential alternative adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) byadsorption from industrial leachate

Application of horizontal subsurface flow constructed Wetland systems for domestic wastewater treatment: A case study, Kızılcaören

Yapay sulak alanlar (YSA) evsel, endüstriyel, tarımsal nitelikli atıksular ve deponi sızıntı suları gibi çok çeşitli atıksuları arıtmak için kullanılan yeşil bir teknolojidir. YSA, geleneksel sistemler ile karşılaştırıldığında düşük enerji, kolay işletim ve bakım, düşük yatırım/işletim maliyeti, arazi estetiği, suların yeniden kullanımı ve doğal yaşam alanı olması gibi pek çok avantaja sahiptir. YSA, özellikle merkezi arıtma tesislerinden uzak olan kırsal yerleşimler, endüstriler ve oteller için bu avantajları nedeniyle alternatif bir teknolojidir. YSA'da fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik arıtım mekanizmaları birlikte gerçekleşir. Çalışmada, Samsun iline bağlı Kızılcaören köyünün evsel atıksuyunu arıtmak için gerçek ölçekli iki paralel yatay yüzeyaltı akışlı yapay sulak alan (YYAAYSA) tasarlanmış ve inşa edilmiştir. Bu çalışma için Juncus acutus ve Cortaderia selloana bitkileri seçilmiş ve iki bitki türünün giderim performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Juncus acutus ve Cortaderia selloana bitkilerinin ortalama giderim verimleri sırasıyla Mg2 için %33 ve %32; Fe2 için %62 ve %55; Fe3 için %64% ve %56; Cl2 için %46 ve %37; toplam Cl2 için %48% ve %; Ca2 için %26 ve %37; yüzey aktif madde için %28 ve %23 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar iki yönlü (faktörlü) varyans analizi uygulanarak değerlendirilmiştir.Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a green technology that have been used to treat several types of wastewater such as domestic, industrial, agricultural wastewaters and landfill leachate. CWs have several advantages included land intensive, low energy, easy operation and maintenance, low investment/operational costs, landscape esthetics, reuse of waters, and increased wildlife habitat compared to conventional systems. CWs are alternative treatment technologies due to these properties especially for rural settlements, industries, and hotels that are remote locations from central treatment plants. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment mechanisms can employ together in CWs. In the present study, two parallel full scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands were designed to treat domestic wastewater of Kızılcaören village in Samsun, Turkey. Juncus acutus and Cortaderia selloana were selected and the removal performance of each species were evaluated. During 7 months operation, the mean removal efficiencies of Juncus acutus and Cortaderia selloana were found as 33% and 32% for Mg2; 62% and 55% for Fe2; 64% and 56% for Fe3; 46% and 37% for Cl2; 48% and 39% for total Cl2; 26% and 37% for Ca2; 28% and 23% for SAA, respectively. Also, the Two-way ANOVA between groups was applied to determine any difference for the removal of al

Full scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands to treat domestic wastewater by Juncus acutus and Cortaderia selloana

Ardali, Yuksel/0000-0003-1648-951XWOS: 000426922700008PubMed: 29053385In the present study, a full scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland was designed, constructed and operated to treat domestic wastewater of Kzlcaoren village in Samsun city of Turkey. The total surface area of HSFCW was divided into equal parts. The effects of Juncus acutus L. and Cortaderia selloana (Schult.Schult.f.)Asch.&Graebn. on pollutants removal in HSFCWs were evaluated with the meteorological factors. The average removal efficiencies of J. acutus and C. selloana were determined as 60.3-57.7% for BOD; 24.2-38.9% for TN; 31.4-49.8% for OM; 35.4-43.3% for TP; 18.9-27.1% for orthophosphate; 24.4-28.7% for NH4-N; 29.5-37.2% for TSS; and 35.3-44.3% for TSM. Two-way ANOVA was applied to determine any difference for the removal of all parameters between the plant types and months on the mean values of contaminant removal. A correlation matrix of all parameters was determined. Subsurface flow constructed wetland was found quite efficient for the treatment of domestic wastewater in rural settlements. HSFCW is also more economical to install and maintain than a conventional wastewater treatment system while enhancing ecosystem services.Ondokuz May University [PYO.1904.11.017]This work was financed by a scholarship from the Ondokuz May University for support of Scientific/Technological Research (PYO.1904.11.017). Authors thank the Ondokuz May University for providing the opportunity to research

Antioxidant activities and heavy metal contents of Castanea sativa honey

WOS: 000455246400013Honey is one of the most valuable foods in terms of its antioxidant nature and antioxidant activity. In this study, their botanic origins, total flavonoid content, total phenol content, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) (in terms of SC50 (mu g mL(-1))), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), metal-chelating activity (MCA) (%) and heavy metal amounts were examined to determine the qualities of honey samples that gathered from Giresun city of Black Sea region in Turkey. According to the melissopalynological analysis, the botanic origins of the samples are Castanea sativa (Chestnut) Miller and unifloral. The HPSA, FRAP, DPPH, MCA (%), total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found between 251.99 +/- 0.48-258.64 +/- 1.22 mu g mL(-1), 71.34 +/- 0.09-73.71 +/- 0.20%, 584.86 +/- 0.06-595.04 +/- 0.29 mu g mL(-1), 36.73 +/- 0.00-36.86 +/- 0.09%, 93.82 +/- 1.05-173.15 +/- 2.46 mg GAE 100 g(-1) and 5.51 +/- 0.19-8.29 +/- 0.05 mg CAE/100 g, respectively. For comparison of these results, Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and alpha-Tocopherol (TOC) were used as standard antioxidant compounds. In addition, it was observed that honey samples were been contaminated with most of the heavy metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, and Zn) to a lesser or greater extent, whereas others (Te, Tl, and U) were never detected in these samples. However, Cd and Cs were detected only in one sample and Pb in another sample. Finally, the results indicate that although honey is an important source of nutrients, nevertheless it could be affected by environmental pollution

The use of response surface methodology for modelling of lead (II) removal from industrial waste by pumice and vermiculite

WOS: 000438417700005The main goal of the present work was to search the feasibility of pumice and vermiculite as adsorbents for lead (II) removal from industrial waste by using Box-Behnken method. Batch adsorption method was performed to evaluate the feasibility. Box-Behnken surface statistical design approach with three inlet parameters namely pH (2, 5, 8), adsorbent concentration (10, 50, 100 mg L-1), and contact time (5, 30, 120 mm) was conformed optimising experimental conditions of lead (II) adsorption process. Experiments were carried out regression analysis demonstrated good proper of the experimental data to the linear model with coefficient of determination (R-2) values of 91.49% and 98.51% for vermiculite and pumice, respectively. Optimisation of pH (2-2), adsorbent concentration (57 81 mg L-1-75.00 mg L-1), and contact time (89.06 mm, -78.50 mm) gave a maximum of approximate to 99.99% lead (II) removal for vermiculite and pumice, respectively

Management model of lakes as a tool for planning the remediation of Suat Uğurlu lake

Ecological processes that occur in a lake depend on the physico-chemical (abiotic) and biotic factors of the system and the interrelations between them. It can be concluded that the current nutrient loadings from both point and non-point sources are cause to increase eutrophic case over the years. This study indicate that the sustainable utilization of reservoir in combination with proper wastewater treatment plant and controlled use of pesticides has a potential to reduce the current nutrient loadings into Suat Uğurlu Lake. The estimated nutrient reductions that could be achieved from the management scenario would be enough to revert the lake from mesotrophic situation to trophic state. The reduction of nutrient loadings into Suat Uğurlu Lake could be achieved through the practice of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), through good management. However, as long as pertinent issues of urban poverty, watershed management and public awareness and involvement in water related issues are not addressed, trophic in Suat Uğurlu Lake will remain a problem

A comparison of the antioxidant activities and biomonitoring of heavy metals by pollen in the urban environments

Guder, Aytac/0000-0002-1190-8749;WOS: 000438687900003PubMed: 30003431Pollen is one of the most valuable nutrients due to its content and antioxidant activity. In this study, its botanic origin, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA) (in terms of SC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), metal-chelating activity (MCA) (%), and heavy metal content were examined to determine the quality of pollen that has been collected from seven different cities of Turkey. According to the melissopalynological analysis, the botanic origin of samples is six uni-flora and one multiflora. The TPC, TFC, HPSA, FRAP, DPPH, and MCA were found between 1360.70-2981.34 mg GAE/100 g, 74.23-111.74 mg CAE/100 g, 25.56-30.28 mu g/mL, 71.92-73.86%, 52.26-53.27 mu g/mL, and 43.97-65.21%, respectively. When obtained results compared to the standards (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and alpha-Tocopherol (TOC)), pollen samples showed the effective antioxidant properties with respect to HPSA, FRAP, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, it was observed that honey samples were being contaminated with most of the metals to some extent (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, B, As, Te, U), while some heavy metals (Co, Cd, V, Ga, and Ag) were never determined in all samples. However, Pb was determined only in sample 2 and sample 4, Mo in sample 1 and sample 2. According to meteorological parameters, samples 3, 4, and 5 were distinguished from the other samples. Finally, the data indicate that pollen could be affected by environmental pollutions

The SWOT analysis for sustainable MSWM and minimization practices in Turkey

WOS: 000428114800010One of the most important environmental problems is municipal solid waste management (MSWM) as a result of the rapid rise in waste generation due to industrialization, economic development, urbanization, and rapid population growth in Turkey. The collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste are conducted by municipal authorities of Turkey. The waste management problem is getting more serious due to some reasons such as lack of enforcement of regulations, weak technical and financial resources, poor infrastructure, insufficient policies and deficiency of political priorities, poor coordination between authorities. Hence, despite the legislation, municipal solid wastes are managed in an unscientific manner by the municipalities. The SWOT analysis is a perfect tool to discover the possibilities and ways for successfully implementing the MSWM. In this study, SWOT analysis carried out both negative and positive concerns of MSWM. A successful strategic management has been identified from the SWOT analysis for the municipal solid wastes. Further, the study proposes options based on SWOT analysis approach to improve in available waste management practices that could also be adopted by other countries to decrease the adverse effect of MSW on human and environment health

Ammonium removal from landfill leachate using natural zeolite: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies

WOS: 000384675100040The scope of this study is to research the removal of NH4-N from landfill leachate using natural Turkish zeolite by adsorption process. The effects of pH (2-8), contact time (5-1,440min), adsorbent dosage (30-150gL(-1)), agitation speed (100-300rpm), initial concentration (263.2-1,363.6mg L-1), and particle size (10-65 mesh) were examined on the adsorption process. The optimum conditions in the adsorption process were established as follows: pH (its pH value of leachate), 60min of contact time, 100g L-1 of adsorbent dosage, 200rpm of agitation speed, 263.2mg L-1 of initial concentration, and -20+35 mesh of particle size. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were tested to understand the adsorption mechanism using three kinetic models, i.e. Elovich, intraparticle diffusion, the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic models, and four isotherm models, i.e. Dubinin-Radushkevich, Langmuir, Tempkin, and Freundlich isotherm models. Correlation coefficients, kinetic, and isotherm parameters were calculated. It was shown that the best conformity kinetic model was the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic model (R-2>0.99) for the present study. According to the results obtained from isotherms experiments, the adsorption equilibrium was defined well by the Langmuir and Tempkin isotherm model for NH4-N adsorption onto zeolite. The thermodynamic parameters were also detected. The values of Gibbs free energy (G degrees), enthalpy (H degrees), and entropy of activation (S degrees) were 5.7113-6.5018kJmol(-1), -8.5415, and 8.8209Jmol(-1)K(-1), respectively. They were showed that the NH4-N adsorption process onto zeolite was an exothermic physical adsorption process, randomness, and non spontaneous in the temperature range studied (25-60 degrees C). Results indicate that zeolite is the most efficient cation exchanger for NH4-N removal from landfill leachate.Ondokuz Mays UniversityOndokuz Mayis University [MF-054]This work was financed by a scholarship of the Ondokuz Mays University for support of Scientific/Technological Research (Project MF-054). I thank the Ondokuz Mays University for providing the opportunity to research