Prevalence of Epilepsy in Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

How to Cite This Article: Sayemiri K, Tavan H, Sayemiri F, Mohammadi I, Carson KV. Prevalence of Epilepsy in Iran : A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Autumn; 8(4):9-17.AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is one of the most common diseases in Iran contributing to an array of health problems. In light of this, the aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence of epilepsy in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Materials & MethodsA systematic search of several databases including PubMed, scientific information databases, Google, Google scholar, Elsevier and Scopus was conducted in June 2013. Observational studies were considered for inclusion ifthey were published in Iranian and examined epilepsy prevalence and/or related risk factors. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effect model with the DerSimonian/Laird method. Heterogeneity was examined using the Breslow- Day test and inconsistency using the I2 statistic.ResultsA total of 45 studies were identified from the search strategy. Of these, nine published manuscripts with a total of 7,723 participants were included within the review. The pooled prevalence of epilepsy in Iran was estimated to be around 5% (95% confident interval (CI) 2 to 8). For each region the prevalence of epilepsy in central, northern and eastern Iran were 5% (95%CI 2 to 8), 1% (95%CI -1 to 3) and 4% (95%CI 3 to 11) respectively. The most common risk factors in order of prevalence were somatic diseases 39% (95%CI 15 to 62),convulsion 38% (95%CI 11 to 65), mental diseases 36% (95%CI 15 to 95) and hereditary development 26% (95%CI 9 to 42). A meta-regression model identified a declining trend in the prevalence of epilepsy within Iran for the last decade.ConclusionPooled analyses from the nine included publications in this review estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in Iran to be around 5%. Although this result is much higher than rates in other countries, a declining trend in prevalence over the pastdecade was also identified. References1. Valizadeh L, Barzegar M, Akbarbegloo M, ZamanzadehV, Rahiminia E, Ferguson CF. The relationship between psychosocial care and attitudes toward illness in adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior 2013;27: 267–271.2. Widera E, LikusW, Kazek B, Niemiec P, Balcerzyk A,Aleksander L, Siero N, gak I. CYP3A5 * 3 and C3435TMDR1 Polymorphisms in Prognostication of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Biomed Research International 2013;12: 7 -10.3. Koochaki E, Daneshvar R. Evaluation of Seizure Attacksin Patients with Cerebrovascular Accident. Zahedan J ResMed Sci 2013; 15: 29-32.4. Asadi-PooyaA, Sharifzade M. Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in south Iran: Electro-clinical manifestations. Seizure 2012; 21: 760-763.5. Motamedi M, Sahraian M, Moshirzadeh S. A Cross Sectional Study Evaluating Perceived Impact of Epilepsy on Aspects of Life. Zahedan J Res Med Sci 2012; 14: 33-366. Scott RA, Lhatoo SD, Sander J. The treatment of epilepsy in developing countries: where do we go from here? Bull WHO 2001;79:344–345.7. Bharucha, N.E. Epidemiology of epilepsy in India. Epilepsia 2003;44: 9-11.8. Ronnie D. Horner.Racial/ethnic disparities in the treatment of epilepsy: What do we know? What do we need to know? Epilepsy & Behavior 2006; 9: 243–264.9. Nachvak M, Haghighat HR, Rezaei M. Prevalence and monitoring of retarded Childs in Tehran at 2002. Quarterly of science-research journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.2004; 3: 34-42.10. Etemadifar M, Mirabdolbaghe P. Demographic and clinical characteristics of young epilepsy mortalities in Isfahan. Two quarterly of south pediatric, Persian golf center of health researches in Boushehr University of Medical Sciences. 2005; 2: 160-164.11. Najafi MR, Rezaei F, Vakili Zarch N, Dehghani F, Barakatein M. Survey of pattern of personality and psychopathology in patients with Grandmal and complexpartial epilepsy and comparison with control group. Journal of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 2:84-91.12. Pashapour A, Sadrodini A. Grandmal epilepsy and EEG variations in primary school children at Tabriz. MedicalJournal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2001; 50: 23- 27.13. Mohammadi M, Ghanizadeh A, Davidian H, MohammadiM, Norouzian M. Prevalence of epilepsy and co morbidity of psychiatric disorders in Iran. Seizure. 2006; 15: 476-482.14. Nasehi M.M, Mahvalati Shamsabadi F, Ghofrani M. Associated Factors in Response to Treatment in Childrenwith Refractory Epilepsy. J Babol University Med Sci (4):2010; 12: 61-66.15. Kaheni S, Riyasi HR, Rezvani Kharashad MR, Sharifzadeh Gh, Nakhaei S. Prevalence of epilepsy in children at primary schools and awareness of teachers about epilepsy at primary schools of Birjand at 2010. Novel cares, Quarterly of science journal of nursing and midwifery in Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 3:135-142.16. Rezaei AK, Saeidi Sh. Survey of starting age and genderof epilepsy and effective parameters on the Sina and Ghaem hospitals patients at 1989 till 1995. Rehabilitation magazine. 2000; 2: 52-57.

A comparison of spiritual health of male and female students in the Ilam University of Medical Sciences

    There is a strong relationship between spiritual development of nursing students and their ability to provide patients with spiritual care. Therefore, present research aims to explore spiritual health in nursing students of theIlam University of Medical Sciences, in Iran for both boys and girls. Spiritual health of students is determined using the Palutzian andElisonquestionnaire which consisted of three parts. 10 questions were related to demographic date of students and 20 questions were examined religious health and existential health of students. Eventually, spiritual health of nursing students is classified into four groups and first group who received the grade of 20-40 has poor state of spiritual health. The groups that obtained total grades of 41-70, 71-99 and 100-120 are assigned as low-moderate, high-moderate and high status of spiritual health, respectively.  Data analysis is conducted using ANOVA, Two-way analysis, and Factor analysis. The sample included 39% girls and 61% boys. Poor status of spiritual health between participants was not observed and correlation coefficient between scales of spiritual health is found to be 84.3% which represents as the score of religious health increases existential health score enhances. In order to promote spiritual health of nursing students, it is recommended that the course of spiritual health shouldbe added as a part of the curriculum for medical students due to this fact that capability of student nurses for providing  spiritual  care  is related  to  their  spirituality and  their  education  in  spiritual  care

A Survey on General Health among students of guidance schools

In recent years, the prevalence of mental disorders has increased and the prevalence of 18-23% is reported for Iran. This study aims to evaluate psychological aspect of general health status of children in Ilam city, located in Iran using a questionnaire. This study is a descriptive-comparative research that measures general health of boys and girls in schools. The required information is obtained by means of the GHQ-28 standard questionnaire which distributed among 118 children. The general health is divided into four categories, in which the dangerous group receives the higher scores in the range of 64-84. The SPSS software is used for data analysis. The sample consisted of 64 (54%) boys and 54 (46%) girls and overall score of children are classified into four categories. Among the samples, 38 participants (32.2%), 61 children (51.7%), 17 children (14.7%) and two persons (1.7%) are received the scores of 0-21, 22-42, 43-63 and 64-84, respectively. Also, the statistical association is observed between age, grade and general health of participants (P <0.05). Relatively large numbers of children possessed good general health status. It is found that as age of participant is increased its general health degrades.

Spiritual health nurses working in hospitals and critical care departments of Ilam city in 2015

سابقه و اهداف: پرستاران به‌­طور مستقیم با بیماران در ارتباط هستند. اگر پرستاران دارای سلامت معنوی بالایی باشند، بیش­تر از بیماران مراقبت خواهند کرد. ازاین­رو، هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی سلامت معنوی پرستاران در بخش­‌های ویژه‌­ی بیمارستان­‌های آموزشی شهر ایلام بوده است. مواد و روش‌ها: با استفاده از روش پژوهش توصیفی- همبستگی، پرسش­نامه‌­یی 20 سئوالی درباره‌­ی سلامت معنوی بر اساس دیدگاه اسلام، طراحی شد. با روش نمونه­‌گیری در دسترس، 60 نفر از پرستاران بخش­‌های ویژه­ی بیمارستان­‌های آموزشی شهر ایلام انتخاب شدند. پرسش­نامه­ی مورد استفاده­ به­صورت لیکرت شش گزینه­یی طراحی شده است. در مجموع بازه­ی نمره­‌های آزمودنی­‌ها بین 20 -120 به­دست آمد که در چهار دسته تقسیم­‌بندی شد؛ و برای تحلیل داده‌­ها نیز از نرم‌­افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: %58 از نمونه­‌ها، زن بودند و %42، مرد. هیچ ­یک از پرستاران، نمره­‌ی کم(20- 40) کسب نکردند و 10 نفر از پرستاران(17%) نمره­‌ی متوسط رو به پایین(41- 70) به­‌دست آوردند. نمره­ی 30 نفر از پرستاران(50%) متوسط رو به بالا(71- 99) شد و در نهایت، 20 نفر از پرستاران(33%) نمره­‌ی بالا(120- 100) به­‌دست آوردند. نتیجه نشان داد که بین نمره­‌ی کل سلامت معنوی و جنسِ آزمودنی­‌ها، ارتباط معنی­دار وجود دارد(05/0P Value<). نتیجه‌گیری: بیش­تر پرستاران نمره‌­ی سلامت معنوی بالایی کسب کردند، که نشان می­‌دهد، می­توان با برنامه­‌ریزی مناسب، از سلامت معنوی پرستاران برای مراقبت معنوی از بیماران بهره برد.  Background and Objectives: Nurses communicate directly with patients. if they have higher spiritual health provide more care to patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the spiritual health of nurses in the critical departments of hospitals in Ilam. Materials and Methods: Using descriptive correlation study, a questionnaire with 20 questions about spiritual health was designed from the Islamic perspective. 60 nurses working at Critical care department of Ilam hospitals were selected by available sampling . The questionnaire was designed for six options Likert scale. Scores of participants were between 20 -120 which were divided into 4 categories. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: 42% and 58%of samples were  male and female, respectively. None of the nurses had low score (40-20), 10 nurses (17%) received the lower-middle score (70-41), 30 nurses (50%) and 20 nurses (33%) achieved the upper-middle (99-71) and high score (120-100), respectively. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the total number of spiritual health and gender(P Value<0.05 ). Conclusion: More nurses received a high score of spiritual health. This results show that with proper planning, it can be benefit  for the pastoral care of the patient

Comparison of relationship between religious beliefs and psychological well-being, with a high burnout and low

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objectives: Nowadays, tension and occupational burnout is a common and serious problem among people, particularly who are working in the human services jobs. Religious beliefs are attitudes towards the reality of mythological, supernatural or spiritual aspects of a religion. Subjective well-being is requires an understanding of the challenges of life. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological well-being among employees of university of medical sciences with high and low burnout.Materials and Methods: In this correlational study, the statistical population were all 280 employees in ILAM University of Medical Sciences (n=280). Considering the size of the population and using Morgan table, 160 people were choosen by simple random sampling so that  80 persons with low and 80 persons with high occupational burnout were screened using Questionnaire of Burnout Maslach and Jackson. Then individuals completed psychological well-being Reef and religious beliefs questionnaires (Khodayarifard). The research data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS and Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and Z scale.Results: Data analysis using Fisher's Z-test showed that the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological well-being and its components, in the total score of psychological well-being (3.08) and components of reception (2.31), environmental control (3), purpose (3.24) and relationships with others (2.8) was significant between people with high and low occupational burnout.Conclusion: Details of the research showed that the relationship between religious beliefs with a total score of psychological well-being and component acceptance, environmental mastery, purpose and relationships with others is higher in persons with low occupational burnout in comparison with high occupational burnout people. But it was not observed significant difference in terms of the religious beliefs, independence and personal growth between the two groups.Keywords:  Religious beliefs, Psychological well-being, Occupational burnout, ILAMFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here

Epidemiological and retrospective survey of pancreatic cancer in Ilam city during a 10 years period (from 1385 till 1394)

Background: one of the most killing cancers globally and the fourth most relevant cancer, the pancreatic cancer has a great numbers of victims every tear, therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the rate of incidence among residents of ilam in time span of 10 years, from 1385 till 1394. Materials and Methods: this is a retrospective study during 1385 till 1394 in Ilam city. Our source of patients was the afflicted patients. The sample size and the statistical society of research were determined based on census. The research materials included of two types first included the demographic information of patients (age, gender, tumor type, level of education, residency, smoking and lipid profile) and the second part was some information about the pancreatic cancer (anatomical site, pathologic findings and lipid profile).using SPSS version 19, the data was analyzed. Results: the statistical society included 25 individuals afflicted with pancreatic cancer in which the most prevalent age group was men older than 70 years (60 years) (31.3%). Furthermore, as time went on, the number of new cases increased. Conclusion: the risk factors for occurring the cancer were the age group greater than 70 years, being male, lower educational situation, unemployment, living in an urban areas, smoking, hereditary, hyperlipidemia (LDL, TG, CHOL) and finding tumor in middle third of pancreatic (because of existing helicobacter pylori virus and impropriate diet). Being able to identify endangered people, one could begin treating patients and thereby, saving time, cost and increasing the rate of survivors.   Key words: pancreatic cancer, retrospective, epidemiolog

A retrospective and epidemiological survey of patients with esophagus cancer in Ilam city during a 10 years period

Background: esophagus cancer is the sixth deadly cancer among other types with high rate of death which has made it one of the common cancers. Based on what mentioned, this retrospective study was designed to assess the tumor incidence rate in a 10 years period in Ilam city. Materials and methods: this is a retrospective study during 1385 till 1394 in Ilam city. Our source of patients was the afflicted patients. The sample size and the statistical society of research were determined based on census. The research materials included of two types first included the demographic information of patients (age, gender, tumor type, level of education, residency, smoking and lipid profile) and the second part was some information about the esophagus cancer (anatomical site, pathologic findings and lipid profile).using SPSS version 19, the data was analyzed. Results: the statistical society included 150 individuals afflicted with esophagus cancer in which the most prevalent age group was men older than 70 years (31.3%). In terms of anatomical site, the middle third of esophagus had 75 cases (50%), the last third had 45 cases (30%) and the first third had 30 (20%) individuals. Furthermore, as time went on, the number of new cases increased. Conclusion: the risk factors for occurring the cancer were the age group greater than 70 years, being male, lower educational situation, unemployment, living in an urban areas, smoking, hereditary, hyperlipidemia (LDL, TG, CHOL) and finding tumor in middle third of esophagus (because of existing helicobacter pylori virus and impropriate diet). Being able to identify endangered people, one could begin treating patients and thereby, saving time, cost and increasing the rate of survivors

The Relationship between Intellectual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence and some Demographic variables among Students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2014

Background and Objective: There is a relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the relationship between intellectual intelligence and emotional intelligence and some demographic variables among students of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Methods: Using a cross-correlation method of study, the standard 24-item questionnaire for spiritual intelligence and the standard 90-item questionnaire for emotional intelligence was subjected to 118 university students of Nursing and Midwifery faculty by simple random sampling. At the beginning of the questionnaire, demographic information were derived from the students. All data were analyzed by SPSS software and using Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation. Results: The samples were comprised of 56% female and 46% male and the average score of spiritual intelligence among students was 68.5 while the average score of emotional intelligence was 305. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and gender while there was no relationship with the field of study. Conclusion: The spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence was higher among women compared to men, and there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence so that boosting emotional intelligence can improve the emotional intelligence

Prevalence of conceived violence against nurses at educational hospitals of Ilam, Iran, 2012

AbstractBackground and objectivesHealth care staffs, all over the world, usually face harsh behavior. Violence in forms of verbal assault and physical action is experienced especially by hospital nurses; however, such violent behaviors are usually not reported, for some reasons. The aim of current study was to identify the workplace violence against nursing staff at educational hospitals of Ilam city (western Iran) in 2012.Materials and methodsA descriptive study was carried out during July to August 2012 at three educational hospitals of Ilam city. Data collection was done from 106 randomly selected nurses through a questionnaire on types of violence, their sources, and ways to cope with them. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics & Chi-square test.ResultsTotally, 43.84% of the participants had experienced and reported the violence, while the remaining 56.16%, despite being subjected to violence, did not report it. Out of all the studied people, 64.94% believed that reporting violence to officials would be useless. Considering the gender, 43% were male with reported violence rate of 53.57%, while the 57% population of females were reported a lower rate of 42.18% violence.Conclusion and recommendationSince most the violent actions have not been reported, it is suggested to develop proper organizational infrastructures, educational programs on reporting such violent behaviors as well as their management. Furthermore, it is recommended to plan more comprehensive educational programs for patients and the community to reduce such undesired aggressive actions against the nurses and other staff at hospitals

The Attitudes, Knowledge and Performance of Ilam Nurses Regarding Disaster Preparedness

Background: Currently, hospital preparedness is an essential element for disaster management. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the attitudes, knowledge and performance of nurses with respect to crisis management. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken among 112 nurses working in three hospitals affiliated to the Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A questionnaire designed according to previous studies was used to identify demographic information, nurses’ attitudes (11 questions), knowledge (6 questions), and performance (6 questions) regarding hospital preparedness during disasters. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0.  Results: The overall scores for attitude, knowledge, and performance of nurses were 27.35, 9.5, and 3.88, respectively. There was a significant correlation between educational degree and nurses’ attitude (P=0.027). Also, there was a significant relationship between work experience and nurses’ attitude regarding hospital preparedness during disasters (P=0.022). Conclusion: Although most of the nurses had a fair attitude regarding hospital preparedness during disasters, their knowledge and performance were poor