Comparison of Fixed and Ramping Voltage Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy with Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers: Prospective Randomized Clinical Study

Objective: To compare extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) induced renal injury in patients undergoing different ESWL treatment protocols by measuring urinary tissue metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) excretion. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized study was conducted between April 2016 and June 2016 in group 1 patients undergoing fixed voltage ESWL and group 2 patients undergoing ramping voltage ESWL. Urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 levels were analyzed before ESWL and 2 hours after ESWL, and urinary beta- 2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and albumin were analyzed before ESWL and 1 week after ESWL to assess renal injury. The primary outcome was to compare the effect of ESWL on early renal injury with biochemical markers in the different treatment protocols, and the secondary outcome was to compare the two treatment protocols in terms of stone free rate and complications. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of demographic and stone characteristics. There were statistically significant differences in serum creatinine and e-GFR at baseline and one week after treatment (p0.05). Conclusion: In this prospective randomized study, we observed a significant increase in TIMP-2, IGFBP7 and combination levels after ESWL treatment in both groups, suggesting that these two biomarkers could be used to identify acute kidney injury due to ESWL. However, the comprehensive evaluation of clinical parameters and urinary markers did not differ in the rates of renal injury, success, and complications after ESWL in both protocols

Review Article New Biomarkers for the Quick Detection of Acute Kidney Injury

Copyright © 2013 Abdulmuttalip Simsek et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and strong problem in the diagnosis of which based on measurement of BUN and serum creatinine. ese traditional methods are not sensitive and speci�c for the diagnosis of AKI. AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and a quick detection is impossible with BUN and serum creatinine. A number of serum and urinary proteins have been identi�ed that may messenger AKI prior to a rise in BUN and serum creatinine. New biomarkers of AKI, including NGAL, KIM-1, cystatin-C, IL-18, and L-FABP, are more favourable tests than creatinine which have been identi�ed and studied in several experimental and clinical training.is paper will discuss some of these new biomarkers and their potential as useful signs of AKI.We searched the literature using PubMed andMEDLINE with acute kidney injury, urine, and serum new biomarkers and the articles were selected only from publication types in English. 1

A case report: paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma

Intrascrotal diagnosed masses are often localized to testicle. Others located in extratesticular areas mostly ariss from paratesticular tissues. It accounts for approximately 1%-2% of all pediatric solid masses and incidence is about 0,5-2 among 100000 patients (1). Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcomas, which are rarely seen malignant tumors arises in the mesenchymal tissue of the spermatic cord and are responsible from 75% of all rhabdomyosarcoma cases, and also 17% of pediatric malignant intrascrotal tumors (2). In this report, we reviewed a patient presented with a scrotal swelling and diagnosed as paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma after radical orchiectomy

Primary ureteroscopy for distal-ureteral stones compared with ureteroscopy after failed extracorporeal lithotripsy

Background and Purpose: We reviewed our experiences with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy (URS-PL) for the treatment of distal-ureteral stones and investigated whether failed extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is a limiting factor for the ureteroscopic procedure

Effects of the recreational use of PDE5 inhibitors on the corpus cavernosum of young, healthy rats

PDE5 inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, these drugs have recently become popular among men without erectile dysfunction as a means of enhancing sexual performance and improving sexual desire. The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological and ultrastructural effects of PDE5 inhibitors on the corpus cavernosum in young, healthy male rats

The effect of regular exercise on penile nitric oxide synthase expression in rats

P>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major public health problem that seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their partners and its prevalence increases significantly with ageing. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in penile endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity in aged rats may be increased by regular exercise. A total of 28 young (4 m) and aged (24 m) male rats were divided into four equal groups: group 1 - young control; group 2 - young trained; group 3 - old control and group 4 - old trained group. Groups 2 and 4 rats were trained to swim for 30 min a day and 5 days a week, which lasted 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed and penile tissues evaluated for eNOS and nNOS activities. eNOS and nNOS activities were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffinized penile tissues and results assessed semiquantitatively. Results also were compared with healthy age-matched and adult (4 m) controls. Serum level of testosterone (T) was determined using ELISA kits (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA). In penile tissues of aged control rats, eNOS and nNOS staining were weakly positive; however in trained groups, eNOS and nNOS immunoreactivity were increased. In young control group, eNOS and nNOS activities were more intense than aged control. eNOS and nNOS activities were higher in adult trained group than control. Serum T concentrations were significantly higher in young and aged trained group than in control groups. We can suggest that regular exercise upregulates eNOS and nNOS expressions in the aged and young rat penis. Regular exercise may improve penile erection by increasing penile neurotransmitter in both young and aged rats

OPN gene polymorphism (Ala250) and lower serum OPN levels are associated with urolithiasis

WOS: 000320197800007PubMed ID: 23692545Osteopontin (OPN) is one of the urinary proteins with an important role in stone formation. Recently, OPN Ala250 (rs1126616) polymorphism and other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been studied to define their role in urolithiasis. This study was conducted to examine the impact of OPN Ala250 polymorphism on the risk of stone formation and their association with serum OPN levels. OPN Ala250 polymorphism was investigated in 127 urolithiasis patients and 92 healthy controls. Stones were analyzed for their chemical composition by using X-Ray diffraction method. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes. The study groups were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and serum OPN levels were measured by ELISA. There was a significant difference between urolithiasis patients and controls concerning genotype and allele frequencies of OPN Ala250 (p<0.05). Separate analysis by BMI greater or less than 25 kg/m(2) showed that the presence of one mutant T-allele was more frequent in patients with higher BMI than patients with BMI less than 25 kg/m(2) (p<0.05). Serum OPN concentrations were two-fold higher in the control group compared to urolithiasis patients (p<0.05). But the mean serum levels did not show any significant difference between OPN Ala250 genotypes in both groups. Moreover, we found an association between higher BMI and stone formation. Our findings suggest that OPN Ala250 polymorphism is associated with the correlation between weight gain and urolithiasis. However, the correlation between urolithiasis and obesity needs to be further studied in larger cohorts

A rarely seen testis tumor; carcinoid tumor: Case report

Carcinoid tumor of the testis accounts for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms and can be a primary pure carcinoid or it can be seen either as a mixed tumor with teratoma or as a metastasis of carcinoid tumor originating from another site. A 45 years old male patient complaining of an aching mass in left testis for one year applied to our outpatient clinic. An inguinal orchiectomy was performed after diagnosis of tumor was made. During pathologic examination, there was no teratomatous or any other germ cell tumour component and also no intratubular germ-cell neoplasia was detected within neighbouring testicular tissue. Immunohistochemically, the tumour was pancytokeratin (+), PLAP (-), NSE (+), chromogranin (+) and synaptophysin (+) with a Ki-67 proliferative index of 1-2 %