Job search of dual-career families in Finland

This contribution focuses on the job search behaviour of Finnish professionals and its differences by the types of labour market areas. In the turn of 21st century the educational level have risen and the number of professionals have increased. At the same time the migration intensity have grown and concentrated towards versatile labour market areas, so called growth centres. The dual-career families are strongly concentrated to main local labour market areas but there are also exceptions. The main purpose of the study is to figure out the structural and regional differences of job search for different parts of the country car according to the search theory the residential relocation decision is depending on the job search strategies. The attention will be paid both to those hypothetical job search regions defined by the families them selves and to the recent work locations and commuting experiences related to the family history, career histories and residential mobility history of past years. The data is longitudinal sample data dealing Finnish families where both spouses are educated professionals.

Country-internal migration and labour market activities of immigrants in Finland

This article concentrates on the special features of country-internal migration of immigrants. These features include regional development such as the urbanisation rate, the specialisation of labour markets in general, and the human capital potential of immigrants in the form of education. The internal migration of immigrants within the country and the growth of urban centres are analysed on the national level by municipalities and, in more detail, in nine differently structured local labour market areas. The position of immigrants in the local labour market areas depends on their education and the active role they take in employment. Urban centres with developed, multi-structured labour markets have strengthened their edge over others in attracting the in-migrants from more peripheral areas in the sub-group of immigrants as in general, too. Internal and international migration are related to each other. The larger urban centres and refugee receiving municipalities play an important role in linking international and internal migration.

History and future lines of urbanization process in Finland

Urbanization began in Finland relatively late by comparison with other European countries, but the process has taken place all the more rapidly. The population has concentrated to the southern part of Finland and there are nowadays only few growth centres. The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of urbanization over a long time span and light up the different scenarios of future population distribution. The number of cities and towns in Finland increased by 57 % between 1950 and 1998, but one notable feature of these cities and towns is their small size in terms of population, 86 % of them having less than 50 000 inhabitants and only 6 of them exceeding 100 000 inhabitants in 1998. According to forecasts the population will concentrate still in future in Finland. The proportion of people who are living in the built-up areas will be 84 % in 2005. Finland`s development is 15 years behind Sweden: Sweden reached this figure already in 1990. The population of the rural areas will continue to decrease in future. Population of Helsinki will grow up to 2020 by almost 68 000 persons. The population level will be then 611 361 inhabitants.

Job search of dual-career families in Finland

This contribution focuses on the job search behaviour of Finnish professionals and its differences by the types of labour market areas. In the turn of 21st century the educational level have risen and the number of professionals have increased. At the same time the migration intensity have grown and concentrated towards versatile labour market areas, so called growth centres. The dual-career families are strongly concentrated to main local labour market areas but there are also exceptions. The main purpose of the study is to figure out the structural and regional differences of job search for different parts of the country car according to the search theory the residential relocation decision is depending on the job search strategies. The attention will be paid both to those hypothetical job search regions defined by the families them selves and to the recent work locations and commuting experiences related to the family history, career histories and residential mobility history of past years. The data is longitudinal sample data dealing Finnish families where both spouses are educated professionals

Locational decisions of educated family members in Finland

The process of concentration of human capital is clearly reinforced by inter-regional migration in Finland. The spatial mismatch between positions and skilled labour force is increasing and the concentration of human capital can easily be seen in the distribution of dual career families home locations that favors few growing city areas. At the individual level job access is the result of the location of the residence in relation to locations of employment opportunities and the commuting tolerance of individuals. Personal unemployment and commuting experiences of men and women effects differently to the propensity of family migration. Wives do have power equally with men in the decision making processes of families but still the career of men seems to be prioriced. The paper examines the relocation process, in relation between residential relocation and commuting distance, in families where both partners are classified as the holders of specialist careers. Job and residential search behaviour are analysed at the local labour market area level based to the query data. The purpose is to determine the locational factors that have the most importance while combining the family and working lives. The family location is analysed in relation to the native places of women and men, cumulative work opportunities, educational levels and family life cycle eras

Locational decisions of educated family members in Finland

The process of concentration of human capital is clearly reinforced by inter-regional migration in Finland. The spatial mismatch between positions and skilled labour force is increasing and the concentration of human capital can easily be seen in the distribution of dual career families home locations that favors few growing city areas. At the individual level job access is the result of the location of the residence in relation to locations of employment opportunities and the commuting tolerance of individuals. Personal unemployment and commuting experiences of men and women effects differently to the propensity of family migration. Wives do have power equally with men in the decision making processes of families but still the career of men seems to be prioriced. The paper examines the relocation process, in relation between residential relocation and commuting distance, in families where both partners are classified as the holders of specialist careers. Job and residential search behaviour are analysed at the local labour market area level based to the query data. The purpose is to determine the locational factors that have the most importance while combining the family and working lives. The family location is analysed in relation to the native places of women and men, cumulative work opportunities, educational levels and family life cycle eras.

Country-internal migration and labour market activities of immigrants in Finland

This article concentrates on the special features of country-internal migration of immigrants. These features include regional development such as the urbanisation rate, the specialisation of labour markets in general, and the human capital potential of immigrants in the form of education. The internal migration of immigrants within the country and the growth of urban centres are analysed on the national level by municipalities and, in more detail, in nine differently structured local labour market areas. The position of immigrants in the local labour market areas depends on their education and the active role they take in employment. Urban centres with developed, multi-structured labour markets have strengthened their edge over others in attracting the in-migrants from more peripheral areas in the sub-group of immigrants as in general, too. Internal and international migration are related to each other. The larger urban centres and refugee receiving municipalities play an important role in linking international and internal migration

History and future lines of urbanization process in Finland

Urbanization began in Finland relatively late by comparison with other European countries, but the process has taken place all the more rapidly. The population has concentrated to the southern part of Finland and there are nowadays only few growth centres. The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of urbanization over a long time span and light up the different scenarios of future population distribution. The number of cities and towns in Finland increased by 57 % between 1950 and 1998, but one notable feature of these cities and towns is their small size in terms of population, 86 % of them having less than 50 000 inhabitants and only 6 of them exceeding 100 000 inhabitants in 1998. According to forecasts the population will concentrate still in future in Finland. The proportion of people who are living in the built-up areas will be 84 % in 2005. Finland`s development is 15 years behind Sweden: Sweden reached this figure already in 1990. The population of the rural areas will continue to decrease in future. Population of Helsinki will grow up to 2020 by almost 68 000 persons. The population level will be then 611 361 inhabitants

Migration and and Employment of Immigrants in the Finnish Local Labor Markets

This article concentrates on the special features of country-internal migration of immigrants.The internal migration of immigrants within the country and the growth ofurban centers are analyzed on the national level by municipalities and, in more detail,in nine differently structured local labor-market areas. The position of immigrants inthe local labor-market areas depends on their educational level. Urban centers withdeveloped, multistructured labor markets have strengthened their edge over others inattracting in-migrants from more peripheral areas in the subgroup of immigrants, aswell as in general. Internal and international migrations are related to each other. Thelarger urban centers and refugee-receiving municipalities play an important role inlinking international and internal migration

Capital humano y dinámica de la migración en Finlandia

Urbanization began in Finland relatively late by comparison with other European countries, but the process has taken place rapidly. The population has concentrated to the southern and south-western parts of Finland and there are nowadays only few growth centres. The purpose of this article is to examine human capital and migration dynamics by breaking down socio-demographic factors of migrants into different layers. The most active migrants of all are young, well-educated and professionally skilled persons. During the economical boom the number of migrants increases while it decreases during the depression. According to forecasts the population will concentrate still in future in Finland.En comparación con otros países europeos, la urbanización empezó en Finlandia relativamente tarde, pero el proceso ha sido rápido. La población se ha concentrado en el sur y suroeste del país y en la actualidad hay pocos centros en expansión. El objetivo del presente artículo es estudiar la dinámica de los recursos humanos y niveles de migración. Los migrantes más activos son personas jóvenes con buena educación y profesionalmente cualificados. El número de migrantes aumenta durante los momentos de auge económico mientras que decrece durante los de depresión. Según las previsiones en Finlandia seguirá concentrándose la población en el futuro