Inhibitive effect of some phosphonate derivatives on the corrosion of carbon steel in 2 M H3PO4

Corrosion inhibition performance of some phosphonate derivatives, namely, dodecylphosphonic acid (YM1),  sodium methyl dodecylphosphonate (YM2) and methyl hydrogen dodecylphosphonate (YM3)  on carbon steel in 2 M H3PO4 solution was investigated by means of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. These compounds inhibit the corrosion rate even at very low concentrations and the order of increasing inhibition efficiency was correlated with the modification of the molecular structure of the inhibitors. Polarization curves indicated that these compounds acted primarily as mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption of these compounds on carbon steel surface has been found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. E% values obtained from weight-loss and electrochemical methods were in good agreement. size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; color:black'>.

Synthesis Characterization And Photopolymerization Of Novel Phosphonated Materials

New phosphonated cross-linked materials were synthesized from telomers obtained by reaction between 10-undecenol and dialkyl hydrogenphosphonates. Telomers were then converted to materials resins by methacrylation reactions. Finally, photopolymerization of the different materials synthesized was achieved and influence of the nature of the phosphonate group (diester, monoacid and diacid) was also evaluated.New phosphonated cross-linked materials were synthesized from telomers obtained by reaction between 10-undecenol and dialkyl hydrogenphosphonates. Telomers were then converted to materials resins by methacrylation reactions. Finally, photopolymerization of the different materials synthesized was achieved and influence of the nature of the phosphonate group (diester, monoacid and diacid) was also evaluated

Using Drugs to Probe the Variability of Trans-Epithelial Airway Resistance

BACKGROUND:Precision medicine aims to combat the variability of the therapeutic response to a given medicine by delivering the right medicine to the right patient. However, the application of precision medicine is predicated on a prior quantitation of the variance of the reference range of normality. Airway pathophysiology provides a good example due to a very variable first line of defence against airborne assault. Humans differ in their susceptibility to inhaled pollutants and pathogens in part due to the magnitude of trans-epithelial resistance that determines the degree of epithelial penetration to the submucosal space. This initial 'set-point' may drive a sentinel event in airway disease pathogenesis. Epithelia differentiated in vitro from airway biopsies are commonly used to model trans-epithelial resistance but the 'reference range of normality' remains problematic. We investigated the range of electrophysiological characteristics of human airway epithelia grown at air-liquid interface in vitro from healthy volunteers focusing on the inter- and intra-subject variability both at baseline and after sequential exposure to drugs modulating ion transport. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Brushed nasal airway epithelial cells were differentiated at air-liquid interface generating 137 pseudostratified ciliated epithelia from 18 donors. A positively-skewed baseline range exists for trans-epithelial resistance (Min/Max: 309/2963 Ω·cm2), trans-epithelial voltage (-62.3/-1.8 mV) and calculated equivalent current (-125.0/-3.2 μA/cm2; all non-normal, P<0.001). A minority of healthy humans manifest a dramatic amiloride sensitivity to voltage and trans-epithelial resistance that is further discriminated by prior modulation of cAMP-stimulated chloride transport. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Healthy epithelia show log-order differences in their ion transport characteristics, likely reflective of their initial set-points of basal trans-epithelial resistance and sodium transport. Our data may guide the choice of the background set point in subjects with airway diseases and frame the reference range for the future delivery of precision airway medicine

Cost Modeling for 2.5D and 3D Stacked ICs

This chapter discusses cost modeling for 2.5D/3D‐stacked integrated circuits (2.5D/3D‐SICs) and presents a tool that considers all costs involved in the whole production chain, including design, manufacturing, test, packaging, and logistics. The tool provides the estimated overall cost for 2.5D/3D‐SICs and its cost breakdown for a given input parameter set consisting of test flows, die yield, stack yield, etc. The chapter defines test flows and highlights the importance of testing. In order to determine the most cost‐effective test flow, test requirements should be specified. However, taking only the test cost into consideration is not sufficient to provide a fair evaluation and/or comparison; a test flow does not only impact test cost but also design and manufacturing cost. The chapter defines and classifies the different costs involved in designing and manufacturing 2.5D/3D‐SICs. It also presents the 3D‐COSTAR cost model. It shows the crucial importance of 3D‐COSTAR by analyzing trade‐offs for several test optimization problems

IEEE Std P1838: 3D test access standard under development

IEEE Std P1838 is striving to implement a flexible architecture, allowing access to die‐level DfT structures embedded within a stack of die. Access to these structures should be available at the die level, through all levels of manufacturing as each die is stacked upon the next, and finally at the package level

Parallel Matrix Multiplication on Memristor-Based Computation-in-Memory Architecture

One of the most important constraints of today’s architectures for data-intensive applications is the limited bandwidth due to the memory-processor communication bottleneck. This significantly impacts performance and energy. For instance, the energy consumption share of communication and memoryaccess may exceed 80%. Recently, the concept of Computation-in-Memory (CIM) was proposed, which is based on the integration of storage and computation in the same physical location using a crossbar topology and non-volatile resistive-switching memristor technology. To illustrate the tremendous potential of CIM architecture in exploiting massively parallel computation while reducing the communication overhead, we present a communicationefficient mapping of a large-scale matrix multiplication algorithm on the CIM architecture. The experimental results show that, depending on the matrix size, CIM architecture exhibits several orders of magnitude higher performance in total execution timeand two orders of magnitude better in total energy consumption than the multicore-based on the shared memory architecture.Computer EngineeringQuantum & Computer EngineeringFTQC/Bertels La

A mechanosensitive ion channel regulating cell volume

Cells respond to a hyposmotic challenge by swelling and then returning toward the resting volume, a process known as the regulatory volume decrease or RVD. The sensors for this process have been proposed to include cationic mechanosensitive ion channels that are opened by membrane tension. We tested this hypothesis using a microfluidic device to measure cell volume and the peptide GsMTx4, a specific inhibitor of cationic mechanosensitive channels. GsMTx4 had no effect on RVD in primary rat astrocytes or Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells but was able to completely inhibit RVD and the associated Ca2+ uptake in normal rat kidney (NRK-49F) cells in a dose-dependent manner. Gadolinium (Gd3+), a nonspecific blocker of many mechanosensitive channels, inhibited RVD and Ca2+ uptake in all three cell types, demonstrating the existence of at least two types of volume sensors. Single-channel stretch-activated currents are present in outside-out patches from NRK-49F, MDCK, and astrocytes, and they are reversibly inhibited by GsMTx4. While mechanosensitive channels are involved in volume regulation, their role for volume sensing is specialized. The NRK cells form a stable platform from which to screen drugs that affect volume regulation via mechanosensory channels and as a sensitive system to clone the channel