PROM and it’s maternal outcome: a retrospective study in a rural medical college of India

Background: Premature rupture of membrane is the unconstrained break of layer before the beginning of  labor and can happen any gestational age even at 42 weeks of growth. Around 2-30 % of all pregnancy will encounter PROM and prompts 33% of preterm birth. The analysis of PROM is to a great extent clinical and is normally proposed by a history of watery vaginal discharge and affirmed on sterile speculum assessment. This examination was led to decide the occurrence, to discover the age, equality dispersion, gestational age dissemination, presentation of PROM and plan the line of the management.Methods: The cases selected in this study were those who had spontaneous rupture of membrane after 28 weeks of gestation but before the onset of labor pain. The study period was of one year from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. The study was conducted in the labor room complex of Coochbehar Govt. Medical College and Hospital, WB India. The patients were admitted in the labor room through emergency. All datas were collected from labor room log book.Results: Total no. of deliveries were 10900 and total no of PROM were 545.Incidence of PROM is 5% in the present study. Maximum no of cases were in the age group between 20-29yr (63%). PROM mainly occurs in primigravida (50.45%). And low rupture of membrane was 91.8%. Cephalic is the commonest presentation (85%) in PROM and the incidence of caesarean section is 24.95%.Conclusions: PROM is the obstetric emergency and once the PROM is diagnosed it is important to weigh the risk of PROM and prematurity and make the right choice of conservative management and active management. If there is chance of maternal morbidity pregnancy should be terminated considering the maternal wellbeing first and then that of the fetus

Multi-Criteria Assignment Techniques in Multi- Dimensional Neutrosophic Soft Set Theory

In this paper, we have introduced a new concept of multi-dimensional neutrosophic soft sets together with various operations, properties and theorems on them. Then we have proposed an algorithm named 2-DNS based on our proposed two-dimensional neutrosophic soft set for solving neutrosophic multi-criteria assignment problems with multiple decision makers

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Leaves of Cassia sophera Linn.

In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of Cassia sophera Linn. leaves was evaluated against carbon-tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic damage in rats. The extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily. The hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage, changes in serum enzymes, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein levels. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin were restored towards the normalization significantly by the extracts. The decreased serum total protein level was significantly normalized. Silymarin was used as standard reference and exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. The results of this study strongly indicate that Cassia sophera leaves have potent hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. This study suggests that possible activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids in the extracts

Class of higgs-portal dark matter models in the light of gamma-ray excess from galactic center

Recently the study of anomalous gamma-ray emission in the regions surrounding the galactic center has drawn a lot of attention as it points out that the excess of ∼1–3 GeV∼1–3 GeV gamma-ray in the low latitude is consistent with the emission expected from annihilating dark matter. The best-fit to the gamma-ray spectrum corresponds to dark matter (DM) candidate having mass in the range ∼31–40 GeV∼31–40 GeV annihilating into View the MathML sourcebb¯-pair with cross-section View the MathML source〈σv〉=(1.4–2.0)×10−26 cm3s−1. We have shown that the Higgs-portal dark matter models in presence of scalar resonance (in the annihilation channel) are well-suited for explaining these phenomena. In addition, the parameter space of these models also satisfies constraints from the LHC Higgs searches, relic abundance and direct detection experiments. We also comment on real singlet scalar Higgs-portal DM model which is found to be incompatible with the recent analysis.by Tanmoy Mondal and Tanushree Basa

Galactic center gamma-ray excess and higgs-portal dark matter

From astronomical observations, we know that dark matter exists and makes up ∼25 % of our Universe. Recently the study of anomalous gamma-ray emission in the regions surrounding the galactic center has drawn a lot of attention. It has been pointed out that the excess of 1–3 GeV gamma-ray in the low latitude is consistent with the emission expected from annihilating dark matter. I will discuss the Higgs-portal dark matter models which can explain these phenomena because of the presence of scalar resonance. In addition, the parameter space of these models also satisfy constraints from the LHC Higgs searches, relic abundance and direct detection experiments. The gauged U(1)B−L model is very well suited with the FERMI-LAT observation along with other constraints.by Tanmoy Mondal and Tanushree Basa

Dark Matter in Minimal U(1)B−LU(1)_{B-L} Model

We study the $B-L$ gauge extension of the Standard Model which contains a singlet scalar and three right-handed neutrinos. The third generation right-handed neutrino is qualified as the dark matter candidate, as an artifact of $Z_2$-charge assignment. Relic abundance of the dark matter is consistent with WMAP9 and PLANCK data, only near scalar resonances. Requiring correct relic abundance, we restrict the parameter space of the scalar mixing angle and mass of the heavy scalar boson of this model

Chemical fertilizer in conjunction with biofertilizer and vermicompost induced changes in morpho-physiological and bio-chemical traits of mustar

To study the impact of reduced dose of chemical fertilizer and its combination with biofertilizer and vermicompost on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of mustard (Brassica campestris cv. B9), field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of November to February 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 respectively in an old alluvial soil zone of Crop Research and Seed Multiplication Farm, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Mustard was cultivated using a full recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (N:P:K–100:50:50) and along with six different reduced doses of chemical fertilizer combined with biofertilizers and vermicompost. The performance of the crop was adjudged in terms of various parameters viz. leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), leaf area ratio (LAR), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), photosynthetic rate (PR), harvest index (HI) and biochemical attributes such as total chlorophyll, sugar and proline content of physiologically active leaves of mustard. Differential significant (p < 0.05) treatment response was reflected for the studied traits during crop maturity. The data revealed that vermicompost application significantly stimulated most of the studied attributes. It was concluded that 25% reduced dose of chemical fertilizer and its combination with vermicompost (T4) was optimum for most of the parameters studied as compared to the control at both crop stages

Clinico-pathological study of skin adnexal tumor – a retrospective review of 242 cases from a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: Skin adnexal tumors are primary skin tumors, not uncommon in routine histology practice. Though most of the adnexal tumors are benign, histological differentiation and sub typing is important in further fallow up and prognosis. Aims &amp; Objectives: Present study was undertaken to analyze the clinical and histo-morphological spectrum of different skin-adnexal tumors in Eastern India.Materials &amp; Methods: In our 5-year research program, all histologically confirmed adnexal tumor cases were studied. History, clinical features and histology were analyzed and tabulated.Results: 242 cases were diagnosed among which 94.22% were benign tumors and 5.78% were malignant adnexal tumors. Most common site was head &amp; neck region (69%) and more than half of adnexal tumors were of sweat gland origin (53.3%).Conclusion: Excisional biopsy and histopathology is important to diagnose the adnexal tumors. Clinician and pathologists should be familiar with the uncommon adnexal lesions and malignant adnexal tumors

A study of performance of first MBBS students in internal assessment conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the progress of medical education. As the crisis continues, it is important to develop valid and reliable methods of assessment. Aims: To assess the impact of the competency-based medical education (CBME) implemented online in the department of physiology during this pandemic on the results of internal assessments conducted online. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted on two hundred First-year MBBS students at Burdwan Medical College after taking Institutional clearance in 6 months. Two internal assessments had to be conducted online in 6 months. We divided our internal assessment sessions which were conducted at three monthly intervals into 4 compartments: multiple-choice questions, short answer type questions, orals, and spots. We conducted two surveys to assess the stress levels of the students and two feedback surveys to assess our teaching program. Statistical analysis: T-test and Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Results: Assessments scores of students in the first session were 59.68 ± 10.91; assessment scores of students in the second session were 73.21 ± 8.66; P < 0.001 ** (highly significant). Perceived stress score (PSS) in the first survey was 21.36 ± 3.84 and PSS in the second survey was 20.77 ± 4.13; P = 0.144. Thirty students failed in the first session while 1 in the second session, χ2 = 32.1; P < 0.0001**. At the end of 3 months, 11.4% had difficulty in studying physiology, while at the end of 6 months, 8.5% had difficulty in studying physiology with online support. Conclusions: The first MBBS students were able to cope up better with the online mode of teaching with the passage of time and regular feedback provided to them. The results of the present study demonstrate that the department of physiology could implement CBME online and conduct internal assessments also