Expanded Bed Adsorption Of Bromelain (e.c. 3.4.22.33) From Ananas Comosus Crude Extract

This work focuses on the adsorption of Bromelain in expanded bed conditions, such as the adsorption kinetics parameters. The adsorption kinetics parameters showed that after 40 minutes equilibrium was achieved and maximum adsorption capacity was 6.11 U per resin mL. However, the maximum adsorption capacity was only determined by measuring the adsorption isotherm. Only by the Langmuir model the maximum adsorption capacity, Qm, and dissociation constant, kd, values could be estimated as 9.18 U/mL and 0.591, respectively, at 25°C and 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.5. A column made of glass with an inner diameter of 1 cm was used for the expanded bed adsorption (EBA). The residence time was reduced 10 fold by increasing the expansion degree 2.5 times; nonetheless, the plate number (N) value was reduced only 2 fold. After adsorption, the bromelain was eluted in packed bed mode, with a downward flow. The purification factor was about 13 fold and the total protein was reduced 4 fold. EBA showed to be feasible for purification of bromelain.261149157Amersham Pharmacia Biotech. EBA Handbook: Principles and Methods. Uppsala, ISBN 91-630-5519-8 (1997)Anspach, F.B., Curbelo, D., Hartman, R., Garke, G., Deckwer, W.D., Expanded-bed chromatography in primary protein purification (1999) J. Chromatogr. A, 865, p. 129Bruce, L.J., Chase, H.A., Hydrodynamics and adsorption behaviour within an expanded bed adsorption column studied using in-bed sampling (2001) Chem. Eng. Sci, 56, p. 3149Camprubi, S., Bruguera, M., Canalias, F., Purification of recombinant histidine-tag streptolysin O using immobilized metal affinity expanded bed adsorption (IMA-EBA). International (2006) J. Biol. Macromolecules, 38, pp. 134-139Chang, Y.K., McCreath, G.E., Chase, H.A., (1994) Advances in Bioprocess Engineering, p. 519. , Galindo, E, Ramirez, O.T, Eds, Kluwer Academics Publisher: Netherlands, pChase, H.A., Purification of proteins by adsorption chromatography in expanded beds (1994) Trends Biotechnol, 12, p. 296Dainiak, M.B., Galaev, I.Y., Matiasson, B., Direct capture of product from fermentation broth using a cell-repelling ion exchanger (2002) J. Chromatogr. A, 942, pp. 123-131Deutscher, M.P., Guide to protein purification (1990) Method. Enzymol, p. 182Fernandez-Lahore, H.M., Lin, D.-Q., Hubbuch, J.J., Kula, M.R., Thommes, J., The use of ionselective electrodes for evaluating residence time distributions in expanded bed adsorption systems (2001) Biotechnol. Progr, 17, pp. 1128-1136Gaspani, L., Limiroli, E., Ferrario, P., Bianchi, M., In vivo and in vitro effects of bromelain on PGE(2) and SP concentrations in the inflammatory exudate in rats (2002) Pharmacology, 65, pp. 83-86Haq, S.K., Rasheedi, S., Khan, R.H., Characterization of a partially folded intermediate of stem bromelain at low pH (2002) Eur. J. Biochem, 269, pp. 47-52Harrach, T., Eckert, K., Maurer, H.R., Machleidt, I., Machleidt, W., Nuck, R., Isolation and characterization of two forms of an acidic bromelain stem proteinase (1998) J. Protein Chem, 17, pp. 351-361Hatano, K., Sawano, Y., Tanokura, M., Structure-function relationship of bromelain isoinhibitors from pineapple stem (2002) Biol. Chem, 383, pp. 1151-1156Hatano, K., Tanokura, M., Takahashi, K., The amino acid sequences of isoforms of the bromelain inhibitor from pineapple stem (1998) J. Biochem, 124, pp. 457-461Hjorth, R., Expanded bed adsorption in industrial bioprocessing: Recent developments (1997) Trends Biotechnol, 15, p. 230Hochstrasser, D.F., Patchornik, A., Merril, C.R., Development of Polyacrylamide gels that improve the separation of proteins and their detection by silver staining (1998) Analyt. Biochem, 173, pp. 412-423Hochstrasser, D.F., Merril, C.R., Catalysts' for Polyacrylamide gel polymerization and detection of proteins by silver staining (1998) Appl. Theor. Electrophoresis, 1, pp. 35-40Hebbar, H.U., Sumana, B., Raghavarao, K.S.M.S., Use of reverse micellar systems for the extraction and purification of bromelain term from pineapple wastes (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99, pp. 4896-4902Khan, R.H., Rasheedi, S., Haq, S.K., Effect of pH, temperature and alcohols on the stability of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain (2003) J. Biosci, 28, pp. 709-714Kim, M. H., Kim, H. K., Lee, J. K., Park, S. Y., Oh, T. K., Thermostable lipase of Bacillus stearothermophilus, high level production, purification and calciumdependent thermostability. Korea Res. Inst. Biosci. Biotechnol. 64:280-286 (2000)Kordel, M., Hofmann, B., Schomburg, D., Schimid, R.D., Extracelluar lipase of Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 21808: Purification, characterization, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction data (1991) J. Bacteriol, 173, pp. 4836-4841Kunitz, M., Crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor: II general properties (1974) J. Gen. Physiol, 30, pp. 291-310Lali, A.M., Khare, A.S., Joshi, J.B., Behaviour of solid particles in viscous non-newtonian solutions: Settling velocity, wall effects and bed expansion in solid-liquid fluidized beds (1989) Powder Tech, 57, pp. 39-50Maurer, H.R., Bromelain: Biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use (2001) Cell. Mol. Life Sci, 58, pp. 1234-1245Mullick, A., Flickinger, M.C., Expanded bed adsorption of human serum albumin from very dense saccharomyces cerevesiae suspensions on fluoride-modified zirconia (1999) Biotechnol. Bioeng, 65, pp. 282-290Murachi, T., Bromelain enzymes (1976) Methods Enzymol, 45, pp. 475-485Ota, S., Horie, K., Hagino, F., Hashimoto, C., Date, H., Fractionation and some properties of the proteolytically active components of bromelains in the stem and the fruit of the pineapple plant (1972) J. Biochem, 71, pp. 817-830Rasheedi, S., Haq, S.K., Khan, R.H., Guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain (2003) Biochemistry, 68, pp. 1097-1100Roy, I., Pai, A., Lali, A., Gupta, M.N., Comparison of batch, packed bed and expanded bed purification of A. niger cellulose beads (1999) Bioseparation, 8, pp. 317-326Santos, E.S., Guirardello, R., Franco, T.T., Distributor Effect on Expanded Bed Adsorption (2000) International Conference IEX 2000 (Ion Exchange at the Millennium), , Cambridge/UKSantos, E.S., Guirardello, R., Franco, T.T., Preparative chromatography of xylanase using expanded bed adsorption (2002) J. Chrom. A, 944, pp. 217-224Silveira, E., (2007) Purificação e caracterização de bromelina a partir do extrato bruto de Ananas comosus por adsorção em leito expandido, , Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Engenharia Química: UnicampSilverstein, R.M., Kezdy, F.J., Characterization of the pineapple stem proteases (bromelain) (1975) Arch. Biochem.Biophys, 167, pp. 678-686Suh, H.J., Lee, H., Cho, H.Y., Yang, H.C., Purification and characterization of bromelain isolated from pineapple (1992) Han'guk Nonghwa Hakhoechi, 35, pp. 300-307Takahashi, N., Yasuda, Y., Goto, K., Miyake, T., Murachi, T., Multiple molecular forms of stem bromelain. Isolation and characterization of two closely related components, SB1 and SB2 (1973) J. Biochem, 74, pp. 355-373Tan, Y.P., Ling, T.C., Tan, W.S., Yusoff, K., Tey, B.T., Purification of recombinant nucleocapsid protein of Newcastle disease virus from unclarifled feedstock using expanded bed adsorption chromatography (2006) Prot. Expr. Purif, 46, pp. 114-121Thömmes, J., Fluidized bed adsorption as a primary recovery step in protein purification (1997) Adv. Biochem. Eng, 58, p. 185Toledo, A.L., Severo, J.J.B., Souza, R.R., Campos, E.S., Santana, J.C.C., Tambourgi, E.B., Purification by expanded bed adsorption and characterization of an a-amylase FORILASE NTL®from A. niger (2006) J. Chrom. B, 846, pp. 51-56Trinh, L., Phue, J.-N., Jaluria, P., Tsai, C.W., Narum, D.L., Shiloach, J., Screen-less expanded bed column: New approach for the recovery and purification of a malaria transmission blocking vaccine candidate from Pichia pastoris (2006) Biotechnol. Lett, 28, pp. 951-958Walter, H. E., Proteinases: methods with hemoglobin, casein, and azocoll as substrates. Pp. 270-277 in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, 5, H.U. Bergmeyer, ed. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany (1984)Wang, S.-L., Peng, J.-H., Liang, T.-W., Liu, K.-C., Purification and characterization of a chitosanase from Serratia marcescens TKU011 (2008) Carbohydrate Research, 343, pp. 1316-1323Wharton, C.W., The structure and mechanism of stem bromelain. Evaluation of the homogeneity of purified stem bromelain, determination of the molecular weight and kinetic analysis of the bromelain-catalysed hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine methyl ester (1974) Biochem. J, 143, pp. 575-586Wheelwright, S.M., (1994) Protein purification: Design and scale up of downstream processing, , Munich: Hanser PublishersYamamoto, S., Okamoto, A., Walter, P., Effects of adsorbent properties on zone spreading in expanded bed chromatography (2001) Bioseparation, 1, pp. 1-10Yun, J.X., Yao, S.-J., Lin, D.-Q., Lu, M.-H., Zhao, W.-T., Modeling axial distributions of adsorbent particle size and local voidage in expanded bed (2004) Chem. Eng. Sci, 59, p. 449Yun, X.L., Lin, D.-Q., Lu, M.-H., Zhong, L.-N., Yao, S.-L., Measurement and modeling of axial distribution of adsorbent particles in expanded bed: Taking into account the particle density difference (2004) Chem. Eng. Sci, 59, p. 587

Xylanase Recovery Using Continuous Extraction With Reversed Micelles-a Statistical Approach

Xylanase recovery from Penicillium janthinellum with a reversed micellar system consisting of a cationic surfactant using a continuous process was evaluated. A statistical approach applied to the results showed the highest xylanase recovery (43.5%), which was indicated by the model and was attained at an ionic strength of 10 mS/cm and a volumetric flow at 0.5 ml/min.352205207Bailey, M.J., Biely, P., Pountanen, K., Inter-laboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity (1992) J. Biotechnol, 23, pp. 257-270Carneiro-da-Cunha, M.G., Aires-Barros, M.R., Cabral, J.M.S., Tambourgi, E.B., Recovery of a recombinant cutinase with reversed micelles in a continuous perforated rotating disc contactor (1994) Biotechnol. Tech, 8, pp. 413-418Carneiro-da-Cunha, M.G., Aires-Barros, M.R., Cabral, J.M.S., Tambourgi, E.B., Continuous extraction of a recombinant cutinase from Escherichia coli disrupted cells with reversed micelles using a perforated rotating disc contractor (1996) Bioproc. Eng, 15, pp. 253-256Dekker, M., Hilhorst, R., Laane, C., Isolating enzymes by reversed micelles (1989) Anal. Biochem, 178, pp. 217-226Han, D.H., Lee, S.Y., Homg, W.H., Separation of intracellular proteins from Candida utilis using reverse micelles in a spray column (1994) Biotechnol. Tech, 8, pp. 105-110Milagres, A.M.F., Lacis, L.S., Prade, R.A., Characterization of xylanase production by a local isolate of Penicillium janthinellum (1993) Enz. Microb. Technol, 15, pp. 248-253Miller, G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar (1959) Anal. Chem, 31, pp. 426-428Pessoa A., Jr., Vitolo, M., Separation of inulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus using reversed micellar extraction (1997) Biotechnol. Tech, 11, pp. 421-422Rodrigues, E.M.G., Milagres, A.M.F., Pessoa A., Jr., Xylanase recovery: Effect of extraction conditions on the AOT-reversed micellar systems using experimental design (1999) Proc. Biochem, 34, pp. 121-12

Performance of a pulsed-cap microcolumn for protein extraction

This work presents the results obtained using a microcolumn agitated by pulsed caps, using aqueous two-phase systems formed polyethylene glycol and salts (monobasic and dibasic) potassium phosphate for protein extraction. Proteins used were extracted cytochrome b5 and the enzyme ascorbic oxidoreductase. It was observed that operation of this equipment was stable and high efficiency values were achieved

Risk Analysis And Environmental Impact Analysis In A Chemical Processing Facility

The present work provides a method of risk analysis in chemical processing facilities, which consists primarily of the following steps: description and study of the system, hazard analysis and identification, identification of the accidental scenarios, calculation of the consequences of the scenarios and risk characterization. To illustrate the application of the method, an uranium hexafluoride production facility was selected. The main hazards identified were: fire, explosion, spill of toxic chemical substances and ground contamination due to problems in the waterproof blanket of the waste contention bund. Some cases of environmental impact due to uranium hexafluoride (UF6) release were quantitatively analyzed for different scenarios, considering two categories of atmospheric stability: Pasquill D and Pasquill F. It was found that the impact which reached a great external area around the plant corresponded to the condition of atmospheric stability F. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.27C19411946Hannaman, G.W., Kryskas, P., Mahan, J., (1995) Qualitative Methods for Assessing Risk, , ASME, USAMolnary, L., Caracterização de um modelo de camada limite planetária para avaliar liberações de radionuclídeos em instalações nucleares (1993) Dissertação (Mestrado)-IPEN., , São Paulo: Universidade de São PauloSequoyah uranium hexafluoride plant: Final environmental statement (1975) NUREG 75 007., , Nuclear Regulatory CommissionAssessment of the public health impact from the accidental release of UF6 at the sequoyah hexafluoride fuel corporation facility at gore (1986) NUREG 1189, 1. , Nuclear Regulatory CommissionChemical toxicity of uranium hexafluoride compared to acute effects of radiation (1991) NUREG 1391, , Nuclear Regulatory CommissionSiman-Tov, M., Scenarios an analytical methods for UF6 releases at NRC licensed fuel cycle facilities (1984) Oak Ridge, , TN, USA, NUREG /CR 3139(1985) Manual of Industrial Hazard Assessment Techniques, , World Bank, Londo

Power Calibration Of The Triga Mark I Nuclear Research Reactor

This paper presents the results and methodology used to calibrate the thermal power of the TRIGA Mark I IPR-R1 Research Reactor at the Nuclear Technology Development Centre (CDTN), in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The TRIGA Mark I is a pool type reactor, cooled by water natural convection. The method used in the calibration consisted in the steady-state energy balance of the primary cooling loop of the reactor. For this balance, the inlet and outlet temperatures and the water flow in this primary cooling loop were measured. The heat transferred through the primary loop was added to the heat leakage from the reactor pool. The thermal losses from the primary loop were not evaluated since the inlet and outlet temperatures were measured just above the water surface of the reactor pool. The temperature of the water in the reactor pool as well as the reactor room temperature were set as close as possible to the soil temperature to minimize heat leakages. These leakages are mainly due to the conduction through the concrete and metal walls and also due to the evaporation and convection through the water surface of the reactor pool. Copyright © 2007 by ABCM.293240245Breymesser, A., Thermal Power Calibration of the TRIGA Reactor Wien (1995) Proceedings of the 2nd Regional Meeting: Nuclear Energy In Central Europe, pp. 44-47. , Nuclear Society of Slovenia, Portoroz, ppFigliola, R.S., Beasley, D.E., (1991) Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, , John Wiley & Sons, New YorkHolman, J.P., (1963) Heat Transfer, , McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 402 pHuda, M.Q., Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of the 3 MW TRIGA Mark-II Research Reactor under Steady-State and Transient Conditions (2001) Nuclear Tecnology, 135, pp. 51-66. , July, ppISO 5167, 1980 (E), Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Orifice Plates, Nozzles and Venturi Tubes inserted in Circular Cross-Section Conduits running full, International Organization For Standardization.. Switzerland, 35 pJones, M., Elliott, A., A Simplified Method of Power Calibration (1974) Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference of TRIGA Users, Munich, pp. 4-8. , 4.12Mesquita, A.Z. and Rezende H.C., 2001, Levantamento da Potência Térmica do Reator TRIGA IPR-R1 durante os Testes de Mudança de sua Potência de 100 kW para 250 kW, (CNEN/CDTN NI-IT4-004), Belo Horizonte, 36 pMesquita, A.Z., 2003, Sistema de Aquisição e Tratamento de Dados do Reator Nuclear de Pesquisa TRIGA IPR-R1, CNEN/CDTN NI - IT4 -003/03, Belo Horizonte, 27 pMesquita, A.Z., Rezende, H.C., Maretti, J.F., Temperature Distribution at the Pool and the Core of the IPR-R1 TRIGA Mark I Reactor (2002) Proceedings of the 1st World TRIGA Users Conference, , Universita Degli Studi Di Pavia, LENA, Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata, Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale. Pavia, Italy, June 16th, 20thMiller, R.W., (1989) Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, pp. E19-E21. , Second Edition. New York, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, pÖzisik, M.N., 1990, Transferência de Calor, Editora Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, 661 pShaw, J., (1969) Reactor Operation, , Pergamon Press, OxfordSouza, R.M.G. P. et al., 2002, Resultados dos Testes Finais para o Aumento de Potência do Reator TRIGA IPR-Rl. (CDTN/CNEN NI - IT4-07/02), Belo Horizonte, 54 pVeloso, M.A., 1999, Análise Termo-Hidráulica do Reator TRIGA IPRR1 a 250 kW, (NI-CT4-03/99 CNEN/CDTN), Belo Horizonte, 141 pVerri, A., Power TRIGA Calibration by Thermal Method (1974) Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference of TRIGA Users, pp. 3-1-3-6. , Munich, ppWhittemore, W.L., Razvi, J., Shoptaugh, J.R., Power Calibrations for TRIGA Reactors (1988) Proceedings of the 11th Biennial U. S. TRIGA User's Conference, Gulf General Atomic, pp. 4-114,4-138. , Washington, 10-13 April, ppZagar, T., Ravnik, M., Persic, A., Analysis of Reactor Thermal Power Calibration Method (1999) Proceedings of the International Conference Nuclear Energy In Central Europe'99, Slovenia, Portoroz, 6-9, pp. 91-98. , September, p

Reuse Of Textile Effluent Treated With Advanced Oxidation Process By Uv/h2o2

The objective of this work was to study the possibility of reuse of effluent in continuous dyeing of 100% cotton. Were made five dyeing, four with reactive dyes and one with fluorescent brightener, using the same bath after treatment by advanced oxidation process (AOP) by UV/H2O2. The efficiency results were higher than 85 % in all cases allowing total reuse of the effluent. The dyeing made with treated effluent were compared against dyeing made with water, with values of deviations smaller than 1.10. Based on these results and working with 1:10 liquor ratio, the consumption of water for a monthly production of 100 tons would be about 8,000 m3. The same dyeing made with treated effluent, adding approximately 10 % loss by evaporation, would spend only 88 m3, which represents a monthly saving of water around 7,912 m3. Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.26207212(2011), www.abiquim.org.br/corantes/cor_aplicacoes.asp, ABIQUIM: Brazilian Association of Chemical Industry (In Portuguese)Al-Degs, Y.S., El-Barghouthi, M.I., El-Sheikh, A.H., Walker, G.M., Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon (2008) Dyes and Pigments, 77 (1), pp. 16-23. , DOI 10.1016/j.dyepig.2007.03.001, PII S0143720807000538Biasi, P., Canu, P., Pinna, F., Salmi, T., Hydrogen peroxide direct synthesis: From catalyst preparation to continuous reactors (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24, pp. 49-54. , DOI: 10.3303/CET 1124009Fávere, V.T., Riella, H.G., Rosa, S., Chloride of N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan as an adsorbent of reactive dyes in aqueous solution (In Portuguese) (2010) Química Nova, 337, pp. 1476-1481Gomez, M., Murcia, M.D., Gomez, E., Gomez, J.L., Christofi, N., Removal of 4-chlorophenol in the presence of methyl green using KrCL excilamp and H2O2: An approach to the treatment of dye effluents (2010) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, pp. 781-786. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1021131Ignachewski, F., Fujiwara, S.T., Cótica, L.F., Carneiro, L.M., Tauchert, E., Peralta-Zamora, P., Degradation of reactive dyes by photo-Fenton process involving the use of molecular sieve 4A modified with Fe3+ (In Portuguese) (2010) Química Nova, 338, pp. 1640-1645Oliveira, P.A., Rosa, J.M., Silveira, E., Levy, S.M., Souza, R.R., Tambourgi, E.B., Santana, J.C.C., Study of decomposition and reuse of effluent of a textile dyeing process: A comparison of biological processes and advanced oxidative (in portugese) (2009) Química Têxtil, (97), pp. 48-54Oliveira, S.M.A.C., Von Sperling, M., Evaluation of 166 ETEs operating in the country, comprising several technologies. Part I-Performance Analysis (In Portuguese) (2005) Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 10, pp. 347-357Prado, M.V., Prado, R.V.B., Sectoral report of the brazilian textile industry (in portuguese) (2009) ABIT/IEMI, 8 (8), pp. 1-152Rosa, J.M., Santana, J.C.C., Baptista, E.A., (2009) Proceedings. XXIX National Meeting of Production Engineering, , Poster, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilRosa, J.M., Santana, J.C.C., Baptista, E.A., (2010) Proceedings of Safety, Health and Environmental World Congress, , Lecture, São Paulo, BrazilRuschioni, R., Finishing processes in wet opened knitted under ecological considerations and aspects of quality (In Portuguese) (2007) Química Têxtil, (86), pp. 54-6

Bromelain Partitioning In Two-phase Aqueous Systems Containing Peo-ppo-peo Block Copolymers

Bromelain is an enzymatic complex obtained from pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruits and stem. Thermoseparation of bromelain by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)- poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)- poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block copolymers aqueous solutions was studied. Triblock copolymers with different EO percentages and different molecular mass were evaluated. Copolymer solutions at different pH values, buffer concentrations and copolymer concentrations were investigated. It was found that cloud point temperature increases as a function of %EO and decreases with copolymer molecular mass, copolymer concentration and buffer concentration. The results showed that all the studied factors influenced enzyme partition. The best conditions were copolymer with 10% EO and molecular mass of 2000 g/mol, temperature of 25°C, copolymer concentration of 5% (w/w), pH 6.0 and salt concentration of 15 mM. Enzyme activity recovery around 79.5%, purification factor around 1.25 and activity partition coefficient around 1.4 were obtained. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.80716168Brooks, D.E., Walter, H., Fisher, D., (1985) Partitioning in Aqueous Two Phase Systems, , Academic Press, OrlandoAlbertsson, P.A., (1986) Partition of Cell Particles and Macromolecules, Third Ed., 323p. , Wiley/Interscience, New YorkWalter, H., Johansson, G., (1994) Methods in Enzymology, 228, pp. 600-608. , Academic Press, LondresAlred, P.A., Tjerneld, F., Koslowski, A., Harris, J.M., (1992) Bioseparation, 2, p. 363Franco, T.T., Galaev, Y.U., Hatti-Kaul, R., Holberg, N., Bülow, L., Mattiasson, B., (1997) Biotechnol. Tech., 11, p. 231Persson, J., Johansson, H.-O., Tjerneld, F., (1999) J. Chromatogr. a, 864, p. 31Persson, J., Nystrom, L., Ageland, H., Tjerneld, F., (1999) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 74, p. 238Alexandridis, P., Hatton, T.A., (1995) Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 96, p. 1Hvidt, S., (1995) Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 112, p. 201Persson, J., Kaul, A., Tjerneld, F., (2000) J. Chromatogr. B, 743, p. 115Berggren, K., Johansson, H.-O., Tjerneld, F., (1995) J. Chromatogr. a, 718, p. 67Saitoh, T., Tani, H., Kamidate, T., Watanabe, H., (1995) Trends Anal. Chem., 14, p. 213Cunha, M.T., Tjerneld, F., Cabral, J.M.S., Aires-Barros, M.R., (1998) J. Chromatogr. B, 711, p. 53Feinstein, G., Whitaker, J.R., (1964) Biochemistry, 3, p. 1050Murachi, T., Bromelain enzymes (1976) Methods in Enzymology, 45, pp. 475-485. , L. Lorand (Ed.), Academic Press, New YorkArroyo-Reyna, A., Hernández-Arana, A., (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1248, p. 123Bradford, M.M., (1976) Anal. Biochem., 72, p. 248A.C.W. Cesar, R. Silva, A.C. Lucarini, RIC, São Carlos, SP, Brazil 01 (1999) 47-54Baldini, V.L.S., Iaderoza, M., Ferreira, E.A.H., Sales, A.M., Draetta, I.S., Giacomelli, E.J., (1993) Colet. ITAL, Campinas, 23, p. 44Karlstron, G., (1985) J. Phys. Chem., 89, p. 4962Alred, P.A., Koslowski, A., Harris, J.M., Tjerneld, F., (1994) J. Chromatogr. a, 659, p. 28

Optimizing Of Alcohol Production From Manioc Starch [otimização Da Produção De álcool De Mandioca]

The objective of this study was the optimization of the manioc root starch hydrolysis by α-amylase from A. niger and alcohol production from this starch syrup. Hydrolysis assays were performed at pH 4.8, the starch concentration and the temperature varied from 7 to 22 g.L-1, and 30 to 59.1 °C, respectively. The starch contents during the syrup fermentation were 2.2 and 5%. The results of the starch hydrolysis showed that the hydrolysis time was between 20-200 minutes, the RSM analysis showed a decrease in the starch yield at the average concentration and above of 70% at high temperatures, and the optimal conditions were found at temperature between 55-59.1 °C and concentration between 7.9-10 or 20-22 g.L-1; conditions at which 80% of the starch was hydrolyzed. The best fermentation condition was obtained for the must containing 5% of starch. The final fermentation composition obtained was of 0.68 g.L-1 ART and 0.572 g.L-1 AR. After the fermentation process, an alcohol yield of 45% was obtained showing that this process is a very good alternative for sugar-alcohol industries.303613617Ascar, J.M., (1985) Alimentos: Aspectos Bromatológicos e Legais: Análise Percentual, pp. 243-252. , São Leopoldo, RS: UNISINOS EditoraBarros Neto, B., Scarminio, I.S., Bruns, R.E., (2001) Como Fazer Experimentos: Pesquisa E Desenvolvimento Na Ciência E Na Indústria, p. 406. , Campinas, SP: EDUNICAMP, (Livros - Textos)Biazus, J.P.M., Optimization of drying process of Zea mays malt to use as alternative source of amylolytics enzymes (2005) Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48, pp. 185-190. , ESPECIALCadogan, A., Hanks, J., (1995) Microbiology & Biotechnology: Biology Advances Studies, , Croacia: NelsonFerreira, G.B., (2005) Characterizing of Obtaining Process of a Manioc Spirit, p. 5. , In: SIMPÓSIO INTERNACIONAL DE PRODUCCÍON DE ALCOHOLES Y LEVADURASFerreira, G.B., Produção de álcool a partir da hidrólise do amido de mandioca por amilases do malte de milho (2006) Revista SODEBRAS, , (on-line)Fogarty, W.M., Kelly, C.T., (1979) Topics in Enzyme and Fermentation Biotechnology, 3. , [S.l.]: J. Wiley and SonsLeonel, M., Cereda, M.P., Avaliação da concentração de pectinase no processo de hidrólise-sacarificação do farelo de mandioca para obtenção de etanol (2000) Ciência E Tecnologia De Alimentos, 20 (2). , (on-line)Lima, U.A., (2001) Processos Fermentativos E Enzimáticos, 3, p. 598. , São Paulo: Ed. Edgard Blücher, (Biotecnologia Industrial)Menezes, T.J.B., (1980) Etanol, O Combustível Do Brasil, , São Paulo: Agronômica CeresMiller, G.L., Use of dinitrosalicyIic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar (1959) Analytical Chemistry, 31 (3), pp. 426-428Neves, M.A., Production of alcohol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of low-grade wheat flour (2006) Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 49 (3), pp. 481-490Oliveira, M., Vasconcelos, Y., Revolução no canavial (2006) Pesquisa FAPESP, 122, pp. 62-70Reguly, J.C., (1996) Biotecnologia Dos Processos Fermentativos, p. 330. , [S.l.]: Editora Universitária/UFPelReguly, J.C., (1998) Biotecnologia Dos Processos Fermentativos: Fermentações Industriais E Biomassa Celular, p. 224. , Pelotas: Editora UniversitáriaReguly, J.C., (2000) Biotecnologia Dos Processos Fermentativos: Produção de Enzimas E Engenharia Das Fermentações, p. 218. , Pelotas: Editora UniversitáriaSleiman, M., Venturi Filho, W.G., Utilização de extratos de malte na fabricação de cervejas: Avaliação físico-química e sensorial (2004) Brazilian Journal Food and Techonology, 7 (2), pp. 145-153Wiseman, A., (1987) Handbook of Enzyme Biotechnology, , 2 ed. New York, EUA: John Wiley Son

Extractive Cultivation Of Xylanase By Penicillium Janthinellum In A Poly(ethylene Glycol)/cashew-nut Tree Gum Aqueous Two-phase System

Cultivation of the fungus Penicillium janthinellum for xylanase production was studied in a poly(ethylene glycol)/cashew-nut tree gum aqueous two-phase system, using a two-level fractional factorial design. The parameters studied were initial pH, cultivation time, type of agro-industrial residue (oat husk or corn cob), agitation, temperature, and phase-forming polymers. The xylanase produced during fermentation partitioned into the top phase. The agitation and temperature (negative), cultivation time and initial pH (positive) effects proved statistically significant for xylanase production. The highest percentage yield of the xylanase in the top and its production in the top phase, about 97% and 160.7 U/mL, were obtained in cultures of 120 h, 40 rpm, 25°C, and pH 5.0.20618801884Albertsson, P.A., (1986) Partition of Cell Particles and Macromolecules, 3rd Ed., , Wiley Interscience: New YorkSinha, J., Dey, P.K., Panda, T., Aqueous two-phase: The system of choice for extractive fermentation (2000) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 54, pp. 476-486Persson, I., Tjerneld, F., Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Production of β-glucosidase by Aspergillus phoenicis QM329 in aqueous two-phase systems (1989) Biotechnol. Tech., 3, pp. 265-270Hotha, S., Banik, R.M., Production of alkaline protease by Bacillus thurigiensis H14 in aqueous two-phase systems (1997) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 69, pp. 5-10Kuboi, R., Umakoshi, H., Komasawa, I., Extractive cultivation of Escherichia coli using poly(ethylene glycol)/phosphate aqueous two-phase system to produce intracellular β-galactosidase (1995) Biotechnol. Prog., 11, pp. 202-207Chen, J.P., Lee, M.S., Enhanced production of Serratia marcescens chitinase in PEG/dextran aqueous two-phase systems (1995) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 17, pp. 1021-1027Antov, M.G., Pericin, D.M., Dimic, G.R., Cultivation of Polyporus squamosus for pectinase production in aqueous two-phase system containing sugar beet extraction waste (2001) J. Biotechnol., 91, pp. 83-87Christian, T.J., Manley-Harris, M., Richards, G.N., A preliminary study of the use of larch arabinogalactan in aqueous two-phase systems (1998) Carbohydr. Polym., 35, pp. 7-12Skuse, D.R., Norris-Jones, R., Yalpani, M., Brooks, D.E., Hydroxypropyl cellulose/poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(propylene glycol) aqueous two-phase systems: System characterization and partition of cells and proteins (1992) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 14, pp. 785-790Venâncio, A., Teixeira, J.A., Mota, M., Evaluation of crude hydroxypropyl starch as a bioseparation aqueous two-phase-forming polymer (1993) Biotechnol. Prog., 9, pp. 635-638Oliveira, L.A., Sarubbo, L.A., Porto, A.L.F., Campos-Takaki, G.M., Tambourgi, E.B., Partition of trypsin in aqueous two-phase systems of poly(ethylene glycol) and cashew-nut tree gum (2002) Process Biochem., 38, pp. 693-699Sarubbo, L.A., Oliveira, L.A., Porto, A.L.F., Duarte, H.S., Carneiro-Leão, A.M.A., Lima-Filho, J.L., Campos-Takaki, G.M., Tambourgi, E.B., New aqueous two-phase system based on cashew-nut tree gum and poly(ethylene glycol) (2000) J. Chromatogr. B, 743, pp. 79-84Paula, R.C.M., Rodrigues, J.F., Composition and rheological properties of cashew tree gum, the exudate polysaccharide from Anacardium occidentale L. (1995) Carbohydr. Polym., 26, pp. 177-181Rodrigues, J.F., Paula, R.C.M., Costa, S.M., (1993) Polim. Cienc. Tecnol., 3, pp. 31-36Milagres, A.M.F., (1988) Alguns Aspectos Da Regulação de β-Xilanases Extracelulares de Penicillium Janthinellum, , Viçosa: Tese de Mestrado, UFVVogel, H.J., A convenient growth medium for Neurospora crassa (Medium N) (1956) Microb. Gen. Bull., 13, pp. 42-43Bailey, M.J., Biely, P., Poutanen, K., Inter-laboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity (1992) J. Biotechnol., 23, pp. 257-270Miller, G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar (1959) Anal. Chem., 31, pp. 426-428Sedmak, J.J., Grossberg, S.E., A rapid, sensitive, and versatile assay for protein using Coomassie brilliant blue G250 (1977) Anal. Biochem., 79, pp. 544-1522Oliveira, L.A., Sarubbo, L.A., Porto, A.L.F., Lima-Filho, J.L., Campos-Takaki, G.M., Tambourgi, E.B., Physical and rheological characterisation of poly(ethylene glycol)-cashew-nut tree gum aqueous two-phase systems (2002) J. Chromatogr. B, 766, pp. 27-36Barros Neto, B., Scarminio, I.S., Bruns, R.E., (2001) Como Fazer Experimentos: Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Na Ciência e Na Indústria, 1st Ed., , UNICAMP: BrazilHaltrich, D., Nidetzky, B., Kulbe, K.D., Steiner, W., Zupancic, S., Production of fungal xylanases (1996) Bioresour. Technol., 58, pp. 137-161Parajó, J.C., Domínguez, H., Dominguez, J.M., Biotechnological production of xylitol. Part 3: Operation in culture media made from lignocellulose hydrolysates (1998) Bioresour. Technol., 66, pp. 25-40Costa, S.A., Pessoa Jr., A., Roberto, I.C., Partitioning of xylanolytic complex from Penicillium janthinellum by an aqueous two-phase system (2000) J. Chromatogr. B, 743, pp. 339-348Bim, M.A., Franco, T.T., Extraction in aqueous two-phase systems of alkaline xylanase produced by Bacillus pumilus and its application in kraft pulp bleaching (2000) J. Chromatogr. B, 743, pp. 349-356Kulkarni, N., Vaidya, A., Rao, M., Extractive cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli using aqueous two phase systems for production and separation of extracellular xylanase (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 255, pp. 274-27