The Investigation of Organizational Justice Relationship with Managers’ Self-Efficacy (Case Study: Applied Scientific Educational Institutions in Northern of Iran)

The aim of the present study, the relationship between thinking styles and abilities of the individual employee organizations Education office is Rasht City. All staff education research population administrative Rasht City of sample included 490 men and 215 women who randomly—selected class. To gather the data from the two questionnaires assessing thinking styles and abilities of individual staff questionnaires were used. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 95% and Thinking Styles Inventory capabilities of individual employees was estimated at 96%. Data from the descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multiple regression analysis to test the main hypothesis of the study and test specific hypotheses to test and Pearson correlation test and KS-test and ANOVA Friedman test, camera test Watson) was used. Overall relationship between the changing styles and interpersonal skills combined with the ability to confirm a relationship was found between styles and between levels of utopian thinking, pragmatic-oriented analysis, and fact-oriented capabilities of individuals with confirmed. And the Friedman test with the highest correlation was found. At the end of the pragmatic thinking in the form of summary, discussion, conclusions, several recommendations in connection with the results in real-world applications and continues to pursue similar studies in the future are presented

Designing a Mixed Model (ANP-SWOT) to Evaluate Practical Scenarios in the Development of Rural Cooperatives in Iran

Rural cooperatives as a small member-owned organizations are the potential to facilitate socio-economic development in rural areas. This study presents a novel hybrid method to develop strategies for development of rural cooperatives. It combines SWOT analysis, TOWS strategic alternatives matrix, and the analytic network process (ANP). SWOT was used to analyze the external and internal environment of rural cooperatives in Iran using the contributions of a team of experts. This team identified 19 SWOT sub-factors. A TOWS matrix was then constructed and the internal and external environmental sub-factors were combined to create good strategic alternatives. The expert team used the TOWS matrix to identify 11 strategic alternatives. ANP was applied to prioritize the strategic alternatives. According to the experts’ team, the presented combined approach helps managers to choose the best alternative strategies considering both internal and environmental factors

Wind tunnel investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of five forebody models at high angles of attack at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 2

Five forebody models of various shapes were tested in the Ames 6- by 6-Foot Wind Tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 2 at a Reynolds number of 800000. At a Mach number of 0.6 the Reynolds number was varied from 0.4 to 1.8 mil. Angle of attack was varied from -2 deg to 88 deg at zero sideslip. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effect of Mach number of the side force that develops at low speeds and zero sideslip for all of these forebody models when the nose is pointed. Test results show that with increasing Mach number the maximum side forces decrease to zero between Mach numbers of 0.8 and 1.5, depending on the nose angle; the smaller the nose angle of the higher the Mach number at which the side force exists. At a Mach number of 0.6 there is some variation of side force with Reynolds number, the variation being the largest for the more slender tangent ogive

Dwelling on Courtyards

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and the dependency of buildings on fossil fuels were the two main issues that formed this dissertation. UHI results in higher air temperatures in dense urban areas compared with their suburbs and rural surroundings. This phenomenon affects human health through thermal discomfort. Furthermore, in the Netherlands, it is estimated that by 2050 the air temperature could be up to 2.3°C warmer as compared to the period of 1981-2010. Besides, the energy consumption of buildings is responsible for 30 to 45% of CO2 emissions. 31% of this consumption belongs to residential buildings. Residential buildings can play a major role in reducing the CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuel consumption. One of the passive architectural design solutions is the courtyard building form. Courtyards have been used for thousands of years in different climates in the world. In hot climates they provide shading, in humid climates they cause a stack effect helping ventilation, in cold climates they break cold winds and protect their microclimate. In temperate climates (such as of the Netherlands), the thermal behaviour of courtyards has been studied less. In this dissertation, low-rise residential courtyard buildings were therefore studied among (and along) different urban block types in the Netherlands. As the first step, computer simulations were done as a parametric study for indoor and outdoor thermal comfort. Field measurements were done in actual urban courtyards and in dwellings alongside urban courtyards in the Netherlands (and in a similar temperate climate in the US). A scale model experiment later followed the simulations. Some of these field measurements were used to validate the simulation models. These efforts answered the two main research questions: 1) To what extent is a dwelling alongside an urban courtyard more efficient and thermally comfortable than other dwellings? 2) To what extent do people have a more comfortable microclimate within an urban courtyard block on a hot summer day than within other urban fabric forms? To answer the first question, the energy performance of and thermal comfort inside dwellings in three types of urban blocks in the Netherlands (each with 1, 2 and 3 stories) were analysed (with an identical floor area). The main objective of the research was to clarify the effect of building geometry on annual heating energy demand, thermal comfort, heat loss, solar gains through external windows and on overheating in summer. The buildings had different surface to volume ratios owing to different shapes: single, linear and courtyard shape. The single shape model is more exposed to its outdoor environment and has the highest surface to volume ratio. The linear models consist of a row of dwellings, which leads to a smaller area exposed to the outdoor environment, and this amount is the lowest for the courtyard models. The single dwelling has a higher surface to volume ratio and this model has the highest solar gains. The average amount of energy demand for heating in a year for the single shape is the highest among the models. However, the lighting energy demand for the single shape is the lowest. The linear and courtyard models are very similar in lighting energy demand. The courtyard shape has the lowest energy demand for heating since it is more protected. Considering thermal comfort hours in free running mode, the courtyard shape has the lowest number of discomfort hours among the models. Reducing the external surface area exposed to the climatic environment leads to higher energy efficiency and improved summer thermal comfort performance. Therefore, this analysis showed that the courtyard shape proves to be more energy efficient and thermally comfortable than other dwellings. For the second research question, the microclimate within the urban block forms previously studied (singular, linear and courtyard) were simulated, each with two different orientations (E-W and N-S, except for the courtyard). To explore their microclimates the simulations were done for the hottest day in the Netherlands (19th June 2000) according to the temperature data set provided in NEN5060. The results showed that the singular forms provide a long duration of solar radiation exposure for the outdoor environment. This causes the worst comfort situation among the models at the centre of the canyon for a hot summer day. In contrast, the courtyard provides a more protected microclimate which has less solar radiation in summer. Considering the physiological equivalent temperature (PET), the courtyard has the highest number of comfortable hours on a summer day. Regarding the different orientations of the models and their effect on outdoor thermal comfort, it is difficult to specify the differences between the singular E-W and N-S forms because they receive equal amounts of insolation and are equally exposed to wind. Nevertheless, the linear E-W and N-S forms are different in their thermal behaviour. The centre point at the linear E-W form receives sun for about 12 h. In contrast, this point at the linear N-S form receives 4 h of direct sunlight in that day. Therefore, in comparison with the E-W orientation this N-S orientation provides a cooler microclimate. To sum up the above findings, it should be said that this study showed that courtyard buildings as a passive design solution (originally from hot and arid climates) can improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort for Dutch dwellings. This building archetype can reduce energy demands for cooling, as a result being a good alternative form for the expected warmer future of the Netherlands. Designing small scale courtyards (single- family house) needs attention in winter. Courtyards provide more indoor and outdoor comfort in comparison with linear and singular forms. With this knowledge, it could be said that design strategies taken from one climate may be applicable in other climates but with serious attentions and modifications. Different disciplines and sciences can perform valuable roles to make this transition beneficial for the fragile ecosystem and people

The Development of a Definition of Aggression in International Law

In the course of this study, efforts will be made to trace briefly the development of the concept of aggression chronologically and its legal concept throughout history. We will consider the positions of states in different conditions, the effect of incidents on their positions and accounting for the growth factors involved, and also the efforts made to define the aggressor in international society. An analysis will be given of the legal effect and the significance of the achievements in international law. The principles which have been created for relations between states, as rule of law will become clear in the following chapters and the most important principle, the legal restraints on the use of force in inter state relations which demonstrates in the dangerous form of aggression will be handled

An ADMM-Factorization Algorithm for Low Rank Matrix Completion

In this paper, we propose an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) based algorithm that is taking advantage of factorization for the fixed rank matrix completion problem. The convergence of the proposed algorithm to the KKT point is discussed. Finally, on several classes of test problems, its efficiency is compared with several efficient algorithms from the literature

Designing a Model to Improve Sustainable Supply Chain Performance with an Emphasis on Identifying Effective Financial Components through the Soft Systems Method

Today, in the world of competition, it is necessary for organizations to formulate structured management plans to operate in these conditions. One of the most important issues that can be investigated in depth can make organizations successful in the field of competition, the issue of supply chain management. A new point of view is a financial point of view. Therefore, in the current research, the aim is to provide a solution to improve the performance of the sustainable supply chain by identifying the financial components affecting it. In this way, using the soft systems methodology, approach, the problem of unstructured sustainable supply chain management from the financial point of view is expressed, and then by analyzing it, the image of different players of the drawing system and their root definition is raised. In the following, a conceptual model of activities is presented using the root definition and then the model is compared with the real world. Finally, the desired changes to improve and develop the actual system are identified and programs implemented to improve the performance and increase the profitability of the supply chain management system. Finally, the financial, monetary, sustainability and risk dimensions were identified as the four main factors affecting the sustainable supply chain. The results of this study will be effective for designing improvement patterns in sustainable supply chain management.

The Relationship between Business Intelligence and Organizational Agility with Emphasis on the Mediating Role of IT Infrastructure Flexibility (Case Study: Active Companies in Rasht Industrial City)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between business intelligence and organizational agility, emphasizing the mediating role of IT infrastructure flexibility in companies operating in Rasht Industrial City. The current research is a cross-sectional and correlational research, and its statistical population consists of all managers of active companies in Rasht Industrial City, and 255 samples that were selected based on Morgan’s table and by random sampling were used for analysis. Descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS 22 statistical software and final analysis was performed using Smart PLS 2 statistical software. The results of the research showed that business intelligence has a significant relationship with organization agility and IT infrastructure flexibility, and IT infrastructure flexibility has a significant relationship with organization agility. Also, the analysis results confirmed the mediating role of IT infrastructure flexibility in the relationship between business intelligence and organization agility, but the moderating role of IT infrastructure flexibility in the relationship between business intelligence and organization agility was not confirmed. Based on the results of the research, in addition to analysing key information and optimizing strategic decisions, company managers can use business intelligence as a tool to master new technologies for the development and prosperity of IT infrastructures

A system dynamics approach for improving efficiency of total quality management (TQM)

This paper investigates a system dynamics model to evaluate efficiency of Total Quality Management (TQM) for the enterprise. Previous studies reveal that, quality efforts, information symmetry, the gap between performance and the inferences from enterprise affect Total Quality Management Index (TQMI). Some factors such as advertisement, cultural values, economic development, supply chain management and education affect information symmetry and other factors such as customer satisfaction, society, human resources, quality management, quality educations and management expectations can improve quality. Also the gap between desirable and actual level of customer satisfaction, vendor satisfaction and human resource satisfaction can decrease TQMI. Hence the objective of this paper is to develop a total modeling approach using the concept of System Dynamic by applying the Vensim PLE version to simulate different decision making policies. To find proper actions by which the firm can achieve his objectives, the TQMI can be calculated. Then the proper action can be driven by the decision makers

The Investigation of Underpinning Factors in Effectiveness Sales Performance (Case Study: Food Industry in Iran)

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