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FEM Analysis Considering stiffness of 3 Stepped Bracket Complex for ENGAKUJI SHARIDEN as a Historical Wooden Structure in Japan
p. 476-488Engaku Temple has been built at Kamakura City nearby Yokohama in 1285. The
SHARIDEN is one of the facitilies there in order to store the Buddha's bone and has been
selected as Japanese national treasure. However, most of the original materials have been lost because of suffering from a fire in 1563. After that, the current SHARIDEN has been replaced by TAIHEI Temple which was also located in Kamakura.
In the former study[1], the FEM model for SHARIDEN has been established as a space
frame and the linear elastic analyses have also been executed. In the present study, the
following targets will be prepared to analyze the structural behaviours in detail.
(1) Reconfirm the coordinates of nodal points and member arrangement for the FEM
model
(2) The structural behaviours of 3 stepped bracket complex has been simulated with 3D
FEM solid model to obtain the equivalent frame to the real bracket
(3) Estimate more exact distribution of the vertical load on the top and lower roofs
(4) Investigate the effect of the deterioration at the joints on the whole structural
behaviours by considering bending springs arranged at the both ends of members.
The numerical model has been assembled by CAD data originally created basing on the
drawings edited by Kanagawa Prefecture. The number of unknowns reaches upto 13,000. The numerical model for 3 stepped bracket has also contains over 10,000 unknowns. Through above investigations, the structural features and several suggestions for reinforcements would be discussed for such an important structure.Takashima, H. (2009). FEM Analysis Considering stiffness of 3 Stepped Bracket Complex for ENGAKUJI SHARIDEN as a Historical Wooden Structure in Japan. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/653
Instrumentation in wind tunnels
Requirements in designing instrumentation systems and measurements of various physical quantities in wind tunnels are surveyed. Emphasis is given to sensors used for measuring pressure, temperature, and angle, and the measurements of air turbulence and boundary layers. Instrumentation in wind tunnels require accuracy, fast response, diversity and operational simplicity. Measurements of force, pressure, attitude angle, free flow, pressure distribution, and temperature are illustrated by a table, and a block diagram. The LDV (laser Doppler velocimeter) method for measuring air turbulence and flow velocity and measurement of skin friction and flow fields using laser holograms are discussed. The future potential of these techniques is studied
Nash equilibrium tariffs and illegal immigration: an analysis of preferential trade liberalization
We use a version of the small-union Meade model to consider the effects of interdependent import tariffs in the presence illegal immigration. First, we analyze the condition under which illegal immigration is likely to increase (or decrease) in response to reciprocal trade liberalization between the source and host nations (of illegal immigration). Next we describe the Nash equilibrium in tariffs between these nations and discus how a liberalization of tariffs starting from this Nash equilibrium is likely to affect their utility. Finally, we consider the effect of the host nation's liberalization of the import tariff (imposed on its imports from a third nation). We show that strategic considerations regarding the effect of this tariff liberalization on the Nash equilibrium tariffs can modify the traditional (trade creating/diverting) gains from such liberalization.Trade ; Immigrants
Molecular dynamics of flows in the Knudsen regime
Novel technological applications often involve fluid flows in the Knudsen
regime in which the mean free path is comparable to the system size. We use
molecular dynamics simulations to study the transition between the dilute gas
and the dense fluid regimes as the fluid density is increased.Comment: REVTeX, 15 pages, 4 EPS figures, to appear in Physica
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